{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T21:01:20Z","timestamp":1790110880292,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,2,1]],"date-time":"2018-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1517443200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,8,30]],"date-time":"2017-08-30T22:30:53Z","timestamp":1504132253000},"page":"110-114","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The early diagnosis and management of mixed delirium in a patient placed on ECMO and with difficult sedation: A case report"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"44","author":[{"given":"Mar\u00eda","family":"Acevedo-Nuevo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Teresa","family":"Gonz\u00e1lez-Gil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miguel \u00c1ngel","family":"Romera-Ortega","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ignacio","family":"Latorre-Marco","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Dolores","family":"Rodr\u00edguez-Huerta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.enfi.2015.11.003","article-title":"Manejo de la inmovilizaci\u00f3n terap\u00e9utica en Unidades de Cuidados Cr\u00edticos: aproximaci\u00f3n fenomenol\u00f3gica a la realidad enfermera","volume":"27","author":"Acevedo-Nuevo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Enferm. Intensiva"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1478-5153.2008.00324.x","article-title":"Delirium in the intensive care unit: a review","volume":"14","author":"Arend","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nurs. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002149","article-title":"Improving hospital survival and reducing brain dysfuntion at seven California Community Hospitals: implementing PAD guidelines via the ABCDEF bundle in 6,064 patients","volume":"45","author":"Barnes-Daly","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0020","article-title":"Evidence and consensus based guideline for the management of delirium, analgesia, and sedation in intensive care medicine. Revision 2015 (DAS-Guideline 2015) \u2013 short versi\u00f3n","volume":"12","author":"Baron","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ger. Med. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3182783b72","article-title":"Clincal practice guidelines for the management of pain, agitation, and delirium in adult patients in the intensive care unit","volume":"41","author":"Barr","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2010.08.003","article-title":"Physical restraint use in intensive care units across Europe: the PRICE study","volume":"26","author":"Benbenbishty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924816640646","article-title":"Safety of nurse-led ambulation for patients on venovenous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"26","author":"Boling","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog. Transplant."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1097\/MAT.0b013e3182a84558","article-title":"Sedation practice in venous\u2013venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an international survey","volume":"59","author":"Buscher","year":"2013","journal-title":"ASAIO J."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2013.04.001","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for evidence-based management of sedoanalgesia in critically ill adult patients","volume":"37","author":"Celis-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2013","journal-title":"Med. Intensiva"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2013.08.004","article-title":"An exploratory study of staff nurses\u2019 knowledge of delirium in the medical ICU: an Asian perspective","volume":"30","author":"Christensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0055","first-page":"10","article-title":"Revisiting unplanned endotracheal extubation and disease severity in intensive care units","volume":"20","author":"Chuang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0141-2","article-title":"The DSM-5 criteria, level of arousal and delirium diagnosis: inclusiveness is safer","volume":"8","author":"European Delirium Association","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2648.2003.02501.x","article-title":"Patient injury and physical restraint devices: a systematic review","volume":"41","author":"Evans","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2015.05.001","article-title":"Intensive care nurses\u2019 opinions and current practice in relation to delirium in the intensive care setting","volume":"31","author":"Glynn","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.04.003","article-title":"Part 1. Chemical and physical restraints in the management of mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU: contributing factors","volume":"23","author":"Hofs\u00f8","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccc.2015.03.011","article-title":"Delirium in critically ill patients","volume":"31","author":"Jackson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care Clin."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1329-y","article-title":"Awake extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO): pathophysiology, technical considerations, and clinical pioneering","volume":"20","author":"Langer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.12808","article-title":"Validation of the Behavioural Indicators of Pain Scale ESCID for pain assessment in non-communicative and mechanically ventilated critically ill patients: a research protocol","volume":"72","author":"Latorre-Marco","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medin.2016.06.004","article-title":"Psychometric validation of the behavioral indicators of pain scale for the assessment of pain in mechanically ventilated and unable to self-report critical care patients","volume":"40","author":"Latorre-Marco","year":"2016","journal-title":"Med. Intensiva"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0772-5","article-title":"Propofol, midazolam, vancomycin and cyclosporine therapeutic drug monitoring in extracorporeal membrane oxygenation circuits primes with whole human blood","volume":"19","author":"Lemaitre","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0105","first-page":"370","article-title":"SLEAP investigators; canadian critical care trials group","volume":"308","author":"Mehta","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0110","series-title":"NIC [Internet]","author":"NNN Consult Elsevier","year":"2013"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0115","first-page":"77","article-title":"Delirio en el paciente cr\u00edtico","volume":"32","author":"Palencia-Herrej\u00f3n","year":"2008","journal-title":"Med. Intensiva"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1107","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1005372","article-title":"ACURASYS study investigators","volume":"363","author":"Papazian","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.15171\/jcvtr.2015.10","article-title":"The impact of high versus low sedation dosing strategy on cognitive dysfunction in survivors of Intensive Care Units: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"7","author":"Porhomayon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cardiovasc. Thorac. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208705","article-title":"Sedation and delirium in the intensive care unit","volume":"370","author":"Reade","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1460","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.2707","article-title":"DhaLIA invetigators; australian and New Zealand intensive care society trials group","volume":"315","author":"Reade","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2015.01.001","article-title":"Severity of delirium in the ICU is associated with short term cognitive impairment: a prospective cohort study","volume":"31","author":"Sakuramoto","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000000247","article-title":"Corticosteroids and transition to delirium in patients with acute lung injury","volume":"42","author":"Schereiber","year":"2014","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R194","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11679","article-title":"Sequestration of drugs in the circuit may lead to therapeutic failute during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"16","author":"Shekar","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2012.02.013","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic changes in patients receiving extracorporeal membrane oxygenation","volume":"27","author":"Shekar","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Crit. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-015-0886-9","article-title":"A systematic review of implementation strategies for assessment, prevention, and management of ICU delirium and their effect on clinical outcomes","volume":"19","author":"Trogrlic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.08.005","article-title":"Risk factors for intensive care delirium: a systematic review","volume":"24","author":"Van Rompaey","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e31822e9fc9","article-title":"Delirium in critically ill patients: impact in long-term health-related quality of life and cognitive functioning","volume":"40","author":"Van den Boogaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e420","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.e420","article-title":"Development and validation of PRE-DELIRIC (PREdiction of DELIRium in ICu patients) delirium prediction model for intensive care patients: observational mulcicentre study","volume":"344","author":"Van den Boogaard","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"962","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-016-4297-4","article-title":"Comfort and patient-centred care without excessive sedation: the eCASH concept","volume":"42","author":"Vincent","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."}],"container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339717300393?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339717300393?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T14:27:43Z","timestamp":1760797663000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0964339717300393"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0964339717300393"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-3397","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The early diagnosis and management of mixed delirium in a patient placed on ECMO and with difficult sedation: A case report","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.07.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}