{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T17:22:52Z","timestamp":1793380972560,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,1]],"date-time":"2022-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1648771200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100007514","name":"Universita degli Studi di Pisa","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100007514","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,9]],"date-time":"2021-12-09T15:50:38Z","timestamp":1639065038000},"page":"103154","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":45,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gender and occupational role differences in work-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, burnout and global functioning in emergency healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"69","author":[{"given":"Claudia","family":"Carmassi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Valerio","family":"Dell'Oste","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Carlo Antonio","family":"Bertelloni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Virginia","family":"Pedrinelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo Maria","family":"Barberi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo","family":"Malacarne","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liliana","family":"Dell'Osso","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0005","unstructured":"American Psychiatric Association. (2013).Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders(5th ed.). 10.1176\/appi.books.9780890425596."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1111\/1742-6723.12135","article-title":"Review article: burnout in emergency medicine physicians","volume":"25","author":"Arora","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emergency medicine Australasia: EMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2007.11.001","article-title":"Patient safety and job-related stress: a focus group study","volume":"24","author":"Berland","year":"2008","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.4103\/0253-7176.108206","article-title":"Compassion Fatigue and Burnout Amongst Clinicians: A Medical Exploratory Study","volume":"34","author":"Bhutani","year":"2012","journal-title":"Indian J. Psychol. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldy040","article-title":"Traumatic stress within disaster-exposed occupations: overview of the literature and suggestions for the management of traumatic stress in the workplace","volume":"129","author":"Brooks","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6180","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17176180","article-title":"Professional Quality of Life and Mental Health Outcomes among Health Care Workers Exposed to Sars-Cov-2 (Covid-19)","volume":"17","author":"Buselli","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Carmassi, C., Gesi, C., Simoncini, M., Favilla, L., Massimetti, G., Olivieri, M.C., et al., 2016. DSM-5 PTSD and posttraumatic stress spectrum in Italian emergency personnel: correlations with work and social adjustment. Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat. 12, 375-381.","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S97171"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-018-0184-4","article-title":"Exploring PTSD in emergency operators of a major University Hospital in Italy: a preliminary report on the role of gender, age, and education","volume":"17","author":"Carmassi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0045","first-page":"4","article-title":"Trauma, PTSD and post-traumatic stress spectrum: 15 years\u2019 experience on a multidimensional approach to trauma related psychopathology","volume":"26","author":"Carmassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0050","first-page":"99","article-title":"PTSD in the aftermath of a natural disaster: what we learned from the Pisa-L\u2019Aquila Collaboration Project","volume":"26","author":"Carmassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Psychopathol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852920000097","article-title":"Do somatic symptoms relate to PTSD and gender after earthquake exposure? A cross-sectional study on young adult survivors in Italy","volume":"26","author":"Carmassi","year":"2021","journal-title":"CNS spectrums"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_bib321","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S179013","article-title":"Frequent attenders in general medical practice in Italy: a preliminary report on clinical variables related to low functioning","volume":"15","author":"Carmassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neuropsychiatr. Dis. Treat."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5888","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17165888","article-title":"Risk and Protective Factors for PTSD in Caregivers of Adult Patients with Severe Medical Illnesses: A Systematic Review","volume":"17","author":"Carmassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"International journal of environmental research and public health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_bib323","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580736","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.580736","article-title":"Tele-Psychiatry Assessment of Post-traumatic Stress Symptoms in 100 Patients With Bipolar Disorder During the COVID-19 Pandemic Social-Distancing Measures in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Carmassi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_bib322","first-page":"4703795","article-title":"Is There a Major Role for Undetected Autism Spectrum Disorder with Childhood Trauma in a Patient with a Diagnosis of Bipolar Disorder, Self-Injuring, and Multiple Comorbidities?","volume":"2019","author":"Carmassi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Case Rep. Psychiat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113763","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2021.113763","article-title":"Mental health of frontline help-seeking healthcare workers during the COVID-19 outbreak in the first affected hospital in Lombardy","volume":"298","author":"Carmassi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Italy. Psychiatry research"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"110","DOI":"10.2174\/1745017901915010110","article-title":"Sex Differences in the Relationship between PTSD Spectrum Symptoms and Autistic Traits in a Sample of University Students","volume":"15","author":"Carpita","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0075","first-page":"27","article-title":"The panic-agoraphobic spectrum: A descriptive approach to the assessment and treatment of subtle symptoms","volume":"154","author":"Cassano","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.185.2.127","article-title":"Psychological impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome on health workers in a tertiary hospital","volume":"185","author":"Chong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Br. J. Psychiatry."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e267","DOI":"10.1097\/PCC.0000000000001179","article-title":"Coping with staff burnout and work-related posttraumatic stress in intensive care","volume":"18","author":"Colville","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ped. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200702-194ED","article-title":"Is there an epidemic of burnout and post-traumatic stress in critical care clinicians?","volume":"175","author":"Curtis","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20609","article-title":"Frequency of and subjective response to critical incidents in the prediction of PTSD in emergency personnel","volume":"24","author":"Declercq","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1186\/1745-0179-4-2","article-title":"Validity and reliability of the Structured Clinical Interview for the Trauma and Loss Spectrum (SCI-TALS)","volume":"4","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Pract. Epidemiol. Ment. Health."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.comppsych.2008.11.006","article-title":"A multidimensional spectrum approach to post-traumatic stress disorder: comparison between the Structured Clinical Interview for Trauma and Loss Spectrum (SCI-TALS) and the Self-Report instrument (TALS-SR)","volume":"50","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2009","journal-title":"Compr. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900025426","article-title":"Lifetime subthreshold mania is related to suicidality in posttraumatic stress disorder","volume":"14","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2009","journal-title":"CNS Spectr."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2011.12.020","article-title":"Lifetime mood symptoms and adult separation anxiety in patients with complicated grief and\/or post-traumatic stress disorder: a preliminary report","volume":"198","author":"Dell'Osso","year":"2012","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"422","DOI":"10.1017\/S1049023X00007251","article-title":"Occupational risk factors in the emergency medical services","volume":"24","author":"Donnelly","year":"2009","journal-title":"Prehosp Disaster Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1002\/smi.1131","article-title":"Psychological well-being and psychosocial work environment characteristics among emergency medical and nursing staff","volume":"23","author":"Escrib\u00e0-Ag\u00fcir","year":"2007","journal-title":"Stress and Health."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1017\/S1092852900005836","article-title":"The Spectrum Model: A More Coherent Approach to the Complexity of Psychiatric Symptomatology","volume":"3","author":"Frank","year":"1998","journal-title":"CNS Spectrums."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2015.11.004","article-title":"Relationship Between Job Burnout, Psychosocial Factors and Health Care-Associated Infections in Critical Care Units","volume":"34","author":"Galletta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2010.03.013","article-title":"The impact of common mental disorders on the work functioning of nurses and allied health professionals: a systematic review","volume":"47","author":"G\u00e4rtner","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Nurs. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.00533","article-title":"The Impact of Quarantine and Physical Distancing Following COVID-19 on Mental Health: Study Protocol of a Multicentric Italian Population Trial","volume":"11","author":"Giallonardo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychiatry"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14122","article-title":"Burnout and perceived social support: The mediating role of secondary traumatization in nurses vs. physicians","volume":"75","author":"Hamama","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1048","DOI":"10.1001\/archpsyc.1995.03950240066012","article-title":"Post-traumatic stress disorder in the National Comorbidity Survey","volume":"52","author":"Kessler","year":"1995","journal-title":"Arch. Gen. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kim, H.S., Yeom, H.A. The association between spiritual well-being and burnout in intensive care unit nurses: A descriptive study.Intensive Crit Care Nurs. 46, 92\u201097.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.11.005"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e203976","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.3976","article-title":"Factors Associated With Mental Health Outcomes Among Health Care Workers Exposed to Coronavirus Disease 2019","volume":"3","author":"Lai","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1186\/1478-4491-11-48","article-title":"Correlates of physician burnout across regions and specialties: a meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"Hum. Resour. Health."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1118","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20631","article-title":"The prevalence and impact of post traumatic stress disorder and burnout syndrome in nurses","volume":"26","author":"Mealer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/6462472","article-title":"Burnout Syndrome among Emergency Department Staff: Prevalence and Associated Factors","volume":"2019","author":"Moukarzel","year":"2019","journal-title":"BioMed research international."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113441","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.113441","article-title":"The mental health impact of the covid-19 pandemic on healthcare workers, and interventions to help them: A rapid systematic review","volume":"293","author":"Muller","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1192\/bjp.180.5.461","article-title":"The Work and Social Adjustment Scale: a simple measure of impairment in functioning","volume":"180","author":"Mundt","year":"2002","journal-title":"Br J Psychiatry."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/786176","article-title":"Job Satisfaction and Burnout among Intensive Care Unit Nurses and Physicians","volume":"2013","author":"Myhren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Critical care research and practice."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0200","first-page":"ar27","article-title":"Burnout and Mental Health Problems in Biomedical Doctoral Students. CBE Life","volume":"18","author":"Nagy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Educ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0000000000001244","article-title":"Compassion Fatigue in Pediatric Emergency Department Staff","volume":"35","author":"Nilan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pediatr. Emerg. Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2017.02.009","article-title":"Burnout and job satisfaction of intensive care personnel and the relationship with personality and religious traits: An observational, multicenter, cross-sectional study","volume":"41","author":"Ntantana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care. Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0215","first-page":"205","article-title":"La qualit\u00e0 della vita professionale nel lavoro di soccorso. Un contributo alla validazione italiana della Professional Quality of Life Scale (ProQOL)","volume":"15","author":"Palestini","year":"2009","journal-title":"Psicoterapia Cognitiva e Comportamentale"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"901","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbi.2020.05.026","article-title":"Prevalence of depression, anxiety, and insomnia among healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"88","author":"Pappa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav. Immun."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-018-1539-5","article-title":"Prevalence of PTSD and common mental disorders amongst ambulance personnel: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"53","author":"Petrie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pollock, A., Campbell, P., Cheyne, J., Cowie, J., Davis, B., McCallum, J., et al., 2020. Interventions to support the resilience and mental health of frontline health and social care professionals during and after a disease outbreak, epidemic or pandemic: a mixed methods systematic review. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev. 11, CD013779.","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD013779"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.childyouth.2004.02.003","article-title":"Predictors of post-traumatic distress in child welfare workers: a linear structural equation model","volume":"26","author":"Regehr","year":"2004","journal-title":"Child Youth Serv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.1002\/jts.20537","article-title":"Institutionally based health care workers' exposure to traumatogenic events:systematic review of PTSD presentation","volume":"23","author":"Robertson","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Trauma Stress"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2018.02.003","article-title":"Burnout and posttraumatic stress in paediatric critical care personnel: Prediction from resilience and coping styles","volume":"32","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Rey","year":"2019","journal-title":"Aust. Crit. Care."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2019.07.007","article-title":"Posttraumatic Stress Syndrome and Implications for Practice in Critical Care Nurses","volume":"31","author":"Salmon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Care Nurs. Clin. North Am."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1377","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3199","article-title":"Burnout and satisfaction with work-life balance among US physicians relative to the general US population","volume":"172","author":"Shanafelt","year":"2012","journal-title":"Archives of internal medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s00127-016-1302-8","article-title":"Who is going to rescue the rescuers? Post-traumatic stress disorder among rescueworkers operating in Greece during the European refugee crisis","volume":"52","author":"Sifaki-Pistolla","year":"2017","journal-title":"Soc. Psychiatry Psychiatr. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/0964-3397(93)90022-P","article-title":"Occupational stress in neurosurgical nursing","volume":"9","author":"Snape","year":"1993","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1037\/1076-8998.12.3.204","article-title":"The Recovery Experience Questionnaire: Development and validation of a measure for assessing recuperation and unwinding from work","volume":"12","author":"Sonnentag","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Occup. Health Psychol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0275","series-title":"Stress in health professionals","first-page":"33","article-title":"Individual differences in the job stress process of health care professionals","author":"Spector","year":"1999"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0280","series-title":"The ProQOL Manual: The Professional Quality of Life Scale: Compassion satisfaction, burnout & compassion fatigue\/secondary trauma scales","author":"Stamm","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102814","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2020.102814","article-title":"Greek nurses' perceptions on empathy and empathic care in the Intensive Care Unit","volume":"58","author":"Stavropoulou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0290","first-page":"21","article-title":"The psychological health of emergency physicians in Australasia","volume":"16","author":"Taylor","year":"2004","journal-title":"EMJ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2018.07.001","article-title":"Communication satisfaction and job satisfaction among critical care nurses and their impact on burnout and intention to leave: A questionnaire study","volume":"48","author":"Vermeir","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2016.03.004","article-title":"The association between patient safety culture and burnout and sense of coherence: A cross-sectional study in restructured and not restructured intensive care units","volume":"36","author":"Vifladt","year":"2016","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2020.00435","article-title":"Job Burnout on Subjective Well-Being Among Chinese Female Doctors: The Moderating Role of Perceived Social Support","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Psychol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-0644(94)70105-9","article-title":"Work-related stress and depression among practicing emergency physicians: an international study","volume":"23","author":"Whitley","year":"1994","journal-title":"Ann. Emerg. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2010.06.005","article-title":"Staff empowerment in intensive care: nurses' and physicians' lived experiences","volume":"26","author":"W\u00e5hlin","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154_b0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2010.099630","article-title":"An investigation of factors supporting the psychological health of staff in a UK emergency department","volume":"29","author":"Yates","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. J."}],"container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339721001439?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339721001439?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T14:30:25Z","timestamp":1760797825000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0964339721001439"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["S0964339721001439"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-3397","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gender and occupational role differences in work-related post-traumatic stress symptoms, burnout and global functioning in emergency healthcare workers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103154","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103154"}}