{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T08:16:00Z","timestamp":1778573760668,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,1]],"date-time":"2023-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672531200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004835","name":"Zhejiang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["202059"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["202059"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004835","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,11]],"date-time":"2023-01-11T14:49:34Z","timestamp":1673448574000},"page":"103382","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Using the evidence to decision frameworks to formulate the direction and strength of recommendations for adapted guidelines of physical restraints in critical care: A Delphi study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Nianqi","family":"Cui","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ruiqi","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Hui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dandan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingjie","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuping","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yajun","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jingfen","family":"Jin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso-Coello, P., Oxman, A. D., Moberg, J., Brignardello-Petersen, R., Akl, E. A., Davoli, M., et al. 2016a. GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 2: Clinical practice guidelines. Br. Med. J., 353, i2089. http:\/\/doi: 10.1136\/bmj.i2089.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2089"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Alonso-Coello, P., Sch\u00fcnemann, H. J., Moberg, J., Brignardello-Petersen, R., Akl, E. A., Davoli, M., et al. 2016b. GRADE Evidence to Decision (EtD) frameworks: a systematic and transparent approach to making well informed healthcare choices. 1: Introduction. Br. Med. J., 353, i2016. http:\/\/doi: 10.1136\/bmj.i2016.","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0015","article-title":"Physical restraint practices in an adult intensive care unit: A prospective observational study","author":"Alostaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Clin. Nurs."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2012.03.013","article-title":"GRADE guidelines: 14. Going from evidence to recommendations: the significance and presentation of recommendations","volume":"66","author":"Andrews","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2307","DOI":"10.1111\/jgs.14435","article-title":"Physical restraints: consensus of a research definition using a modified Delphi technique","volume":"64","author":"Bleijlevens","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1362-1017.2004.00074.x","article-title":"British Association of Critical Care Nurses position statement on the use of restraint in adult critical care units","volume":"9","author":"Bray","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurs. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6892","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-21-626","article-title":"The effect of non-pharmacological interventions on physical restraint reduction in intensive care units: a protocol for an umbrella review of systematic reviews and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Palliat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Cui, N., Zhang, Y., Liu, Y., Zhou, Y., Sun, H., & Jin, J. (2021d). Protocol for the adaptation of clinical practice guidelines for the management of physical restraints in critically ill patients. Ann. Palliat. Med., 10(4), 4889\u20134896. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm-20-2133.","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-2133"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e055073","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2021-055073","article-title":"Why are physical restraints still in use? A qualitative descriptive study from Chinese critical care clinicians' perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2021.573601","article-title":"\u201cPatient comfort can be sacrificed for patient safety\u201d-perception and practice reported by critical care nurses toward physical restraints: A qualitative descriptive study","volume":"8","author":"Cui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2022.806945","article-title":"Nonpharmacological interventions for minimizing the use of physical restraints in intensive care units: An umbrella review","volume":"9","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103193","article-title":"Quality appraisal of guidelines on physical restraints in intensive care units: A systematic review","volume":"70","author":"Cui","year":"2022","journal-title":"Intensive Crit. Care Nurs."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"103","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000002169","article-title":"Guidelines for family-centered care in the neonatal, pediatric, and adult ICU","volume":"45","author":"Davidson","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Devlin, J. W., Skrobik, Y., G\u00e9linas, C., Needham, D. M., Slooter, A., Pandharipande, P. P., et al. (2018). Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU. Crit. Care Med., 46(9), e825\u2013e873. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299.","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2019.03.002","article-title":"The effect of physical restraint on neurovascular complications in intensive care units","volume":"33","author":"Ertu\u011frul","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aust. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.202006-738OC","article-title":"Physical restraints and post-traumatic stress disorder in survivors of critical illness. A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"18","author":"Franks","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"120","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201610-2075ST","article-title":"An official American thoracic society\/american college of chest physicians clinical practice guideline: liberation from mechanical ventilation in critically III adults","volume":"195","author":"Girard","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0095","series-title":"CAN-IMPLEMENT\u00a9: Planning for Best Practice Implementation","author":"Harrison","year":"2014"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0100","first-page":"10","article-title":"The Delphi technique: making sense of consensus","volume":"12","author":"Hsu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pract. Assess. Res. Eval."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0105","unstructured":"National Institute for Health Excellence, 2019. Delirium: prevention, diagnosis and management. 2019. https:\/\/www.nice.org.uk\/guidance\/cg103. (accessed 21.06.18)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.a744","article-title":"Use of GRADE grid to reach decisions on clinical practice guidelines when consensus is elusive","volume":"337","author":"Jaeschke","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. Med. J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2648.2006.03716.x","article-title":"Consulting the oracle: ten lessons from using the Delphi technique in nursing research","volume":"53","author":"Keeney","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Adv. Nurs."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2177","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2012.4517","article-title":"Effect of a guideline-based multicomponent intervention on use of physical restraints in nursing homes: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"307","author":"K\u00f6pke","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0125","unstructured":"Lach, H.W., Leach, K.M. 2014. Changing the Practice of Physical Restraint Use in Acute Care. The University of Iowa College of Nursing Barbara and Richard Csomay Center for Gerontological Excellence, Iowa City, IA."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2020361","article-title":"Predictors of new-onset physical restraint use in critically ill adults","volume":"29","author":"Lawson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Crit. Care"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2665","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000095463.72353.AD","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the maintenance of patient physical safety in the intensive care unit: use of restraining therapies\u2013American College of Critical Care Medicine Task Force 2001\u20132002","volume":"31","author":"Maccioli","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1097\/NNR.0000000000000297","article-title":"Methodology update: Delphi studies","volume":"67","author":"McPherson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nurs. Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2016.10.036","volume":"151","author":"Ouellette","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0150","unstructured":"Registered Nurses\u2019 Association of Ontario, 2012. Promoting safety: alternative approaches to the use of restraints. 2012. http:\/\/rnao.ca\/bpg\/guidelines\/promotingsafety-alternative-approaches-use-restraints. (accessed 21.06.18)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1177\/1751143719892785","article-title":"The challenges of using physical restraint in intensive care units in Iran: A qualitative study","volume":"22","author":"Salehi","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Intensive Care Soc."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/wvn.12571","article-title":"Fall prevention in hospitals and nursing homes: Clinical practice guideline","volume":"19","author":"Schoberer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Worldviews Evid. Based Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclinepi.2016.01.032","article-title":"GRADE Guidelines: 16. GRADE evidence to decision frameworks for tests in clinical practice and public health","volume":"76","author":"Sch\u00fcnemann","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0170","unstructured":"Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network, 2019. Risk reduction and management of delirium. https:\/\/www.sign.ac.uk\/. (accessed 21.06.18)."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.7748\/nr.2017.e1498","article-title":"Considerations when conducting e-Delphi research: a case study","volume":"25","author":"Toronto","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nurse Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, C., Liu, D., He, Q. 2021. The characteristics of ICU physical restraint use and related influencing factors in China: a multi-center study. Ann. Palliat. Med., 10(2), 1198\u20131206. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.21037\/apm-20-563.","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-563"}],"container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339722001859?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339722001859?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,12]],"date-time":"2026-05-12T07:54:21Z","timestamp":1778572461000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0964339722001859"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":35,"alternative-id":["S0964339722001859"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-3397","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Using the evidence to decision frameworks to formulate the direction and strength of recommendations for adapted guidelines of physical restraints in critical care: A Delphi study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103382","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103382"}}