{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T08:41:39Z","timestamp":1791448899243,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,16]],"date-time":"2023-01-16T03:55:53Z","timestamp":1673841353000},"page":"103388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The early impact of COVID-19 on intensive care nurses\u2019 personal and professional well-being: A qualitative study"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Kelly","family":"Calkins","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jill","family":"Guttormson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Natalie S.","family":"McAndrew","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Holly","family":"Losurdo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Danielle","family":"Loonsfoot","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shania","family":"Schmitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacklynn","family":"Fitzgerald","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0005","unstructured":"Andrews, S. Traumatized and tired, nurses are quitting due to the pandemic. CNN. cbs58.com\/news\/traumatized-and-tired-nurses-are-quitting-due-to-the-pandemic. Published February 25, 2021. Accessed January 3, 2022."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12649","article-title":"Registered nurses\u2019 experienes of working in the intensive care unit during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"26","author":"Bergman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nursing in Critical Care."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2027315","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.27315","article-title":"US clinicians\u2019 experiences and perspectives on resource limitation and patient care during the COVID-19 pandemic","volume":"3","author":"Butler","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbih.2020.100144","article-title":"The psychological impact of COVID-19 and other viral epidemics on frontline healthcare workers and ways to address it: A rapid systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Cabarkapa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain, Behavior, & Immunity- Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1111\/nuf.12583","article-title":"Experiences of critical care nurses fighting against COVID-19: A qualitative phenomenological study","volume":"56","author":"Chegini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nursing Forum."},{"issue":"2021","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0030","article-title":"The effect of COVID-19 pandemic on the mental health of Canadian critical care nurses providing patient care during the early phase pandemic: A mixed method study","volume":"63","author":"Crowe","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing Journal."},{"issue":"2021","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0035","first-page":"23","article-title":"The COVID-19 Pandemic and nursing challenges: A review of the early literature","volume":"69","author":"Danesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"IOS Press. Work"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-10070-3","article-title":"A rapid review of the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health of healthcare workers: implications for supporting psychological well-being","volume":"21","author":"De Kock","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12910-021-00641-3","article-title":"Moral distress and ethical climate in intensive care medicine during the COVID-19 a nation study","volume":"22","author":"Donkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Medical Ethics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0050","first-page":"1","article-title":"Assessing the psychological impact of COVID-19 on intensive care workers: A single-centre cross-sectional UK-based study","author":"Dykes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Intensive Care Society."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0274326","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0274326","article-title":"A qualitative study of the perceptions and experiences of healthcare providers caring for critically ill patients during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic: A PsyCOVID-ICU substudy","volume":"17","author":"Ecarnot","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoSONE"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"645","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0000000000000995","article-title":"Fundamental drivers of nurses\u2019 experiences of ICU surging during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic","volume":"28","author":"Endacott","year":"2022","journal-title":"Current Opinion in Critical Care."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1111\/nicc.12589","article-title":"Intensive care nurses\u2019 experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study","volume":"26","author":"Fernandez-Castillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nursing in Critical Care"},{"issue":"2021","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0070","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 pandemic lives: A mixed methods study of experiences during COVID-19","volume":"60","author":"Gray","year":"2021","journal-title":"Applied Nursing Research."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0075","series-title":"Triangulation: Establishing the validity of qualitative studies","author":"Guion","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0080","first-page":"e1","article-title":"Critical care nurses\u2019 experiences during the COVID-19 pandemic: A US national Survey","author":"Guttormson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J. Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0085","article-title":"The impact of the first COVID-19 surge on mental well-being of ICU nurses: A nationwide survey","volume":"65","author":"Heesakkers","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive and critical care Nursing Journal."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1277","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732305276687","article-title":"Three Approaches to Qualitative Content Analysis","volume":"15","author":"Hsieh","year":"2005","journal-title":"Qualitative Health Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0095","author":"International Council of Nurses COVID-19 update, January 13"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1186\/s12991-021-00363-1","article-title":"Perceived stress and post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms among symptoms among intensive care unit staff caring for severely ill coronavirus disease 2019 patients during the pandemic: a national study","volume":"20","author":"Kader","year":"2021","journal-title":"Annals of General Psychiatry"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000004865","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019 immediately increases burout symptoms in ICU professionals: A longitudinal cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Kok","year":"2021","journal-title":"Critical Care Medicine."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/S1499-4046(06)60097-3","article-title":"Content Analysis: Review of methods and their application in nutritional education","volume":"34","author":"Kondracki","year":"2002","journal-title":"Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0115","first-page":"438","article-title":"Naturalistic inquiry","volume":"9","author":"Lincoln","year":"1985","journal-title":"Sage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Liu, Q., Luo, D., Haase, J.E., Guo, Q., Wang, X.Q., Liu, S., Lin. X., Zhongchun, L., Yang, J., & Yang, B.X. (2020). The experiences of health-care providers during the COVID-19 crisis in China: A qualitative study. Lancet Glob Health. Jun;8(6):e790-e798. doi: 10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30204-7. Epub 2020 Apr 29. PMID: 32573443; PMCID: PMC7190296.","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(20)30204-7"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.4037\/aacnacc2021816","article-title":"Experiences of nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic: A mixed-methods study","volume":"32","author":"LoGiudice","year":"2021","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112972","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psychres.2020.112972","article-title":"When health professionals look death in the eye: the mental health of professionals who deal daily with the 2019 coronavirus outbreak","volume":"288","author":"Neto","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychiatry Res"},{"issue":"31","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0135","first-page":"e26828","article-title":"Mental health of nurses involved with COVID-19 patients in Japan, intention to resign, and influencing factors","volume":"100","author":"Ohue","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mental health of nurses involved with COVID-19 patients in Japan, intention to resign, and influencing factors"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-021-00546-x","article-title":"Exploring nursing managers\u2019 perceptions of nursing workforce management during the outbreak of COVID-19: a content analysis study","volume":"20","author":"Poortaghi","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2020.110620","article-title":"Impact of COVID-19 outbreak on nurses' mental health: A prospective cohort study","volume":"194","author":"Sampaio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environmental research"},{"issue":"7\u20138","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1137","DOI":"10.1177\/09697330211003217","article-title":"Moral distress in nurses caring for patients with COVID-19","volume":"28","author":"Silverman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nursing Ethics."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1111\/jnu.12591","article-title":"Angels and heroes: The unintended consequence of the hero narrative","volume":"52","author":"Stokes-Parish","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of Nursing Scholarship"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-022-04182-y","article-title":"Ten areas for ICU clinicians to be aware of to help retain nurses in the ICU","volume":"26","author":"Vincent","year":"2022","journal-title":"Critical Care."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1967","DOI":"10.1007\/s40200-020-00643-9","article-title":"The mental health of healthcare workers in the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Vizheh","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Diabetes Metab Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Zhang, X., Jiang, Z., Yuan, Z., Wang, Y., Huang, D., Hu, R., Zhou, J., & Chen. F., (2020). Nurses reports of actual work hours and preferred work hours per shift among frontline nurses during coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) epidemic: A cross sectional survey. International Journal of Nursing Studies. 10.1016\/j.ijnsa.2021.100026. Epub 2021 Mar 28. PMID: 33817667; PMCID: PMC8005253.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijnurstu.2020.103635"}],"container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339723000058?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339723000058?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,18]],"date-time":"2025-10-18T14:33:08Z","timestamp":1760797988000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0964339723000058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0964339723000058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-3397","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The early impact of COVID-19 on intensive care nurses\u2019 personal and professional well-being: A qualitative study","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2023.103388","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103388"}}