{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T17:46:59Z","timestamp":1787939219604,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,1]],"date-time":"2025-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1738368000000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T07:00:08Z","timestamp":1726729208000},"page":"103834","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":25,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence and risk factors of subsyndromal delirium in ICU: A systematic review and meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"86","author":[{"given":"Xinyu","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huanyu","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yarui","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yun","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2275","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31205-X","article-title":"ICD-11","volume":"393","author":"Lancet","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2029","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003402","article-title":"Incidence and Prevalence of Delirium Subtypes in an Adult ICU: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis*","volume":"46","author":"Krewulak","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"h2538","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h2538","article-title":"Outcome of delirium in critically ill patients: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"350","author":"Salluh","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"320","DOI":"10.1097\/00019442-199622440-00006","article-title":"Subsyndromal Delirium","volume":"4","author":"Levkoff","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gerinurse.2022.02.021","article-title":"Prevalence, risk factors, and outcomes of subsyndromal delirium in older adults in hospital or long-term care settings: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"45","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Geriatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-017-1765-3","article-title":"Outcomes of subsyndromal delirium in ICU: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Serafim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2018.02.010","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors for subsyndromal delirium in an intensive care unit","volume":"47","author":"Yamada","year":"2018","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0040","first-page":"880","article-title":"Non-drug management of delirium and Subsyndromal Delirium in adultIntensive Care Unit patients: an evidence summary","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"China Nurs Manag"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1097\/ALN.0b013e31825153cc","article-title":"Early Treatment with Risperidone for Subsyndromal Delirium after On-pump Cardiac Surgery in the Elderly","volume":"116","author":"Hakim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Anesthesiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"583","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000001411","article-title":"Preventing ICU subsyndromal delirium conversion to delirium with low-dose IV haloperidol","volume":"44","author":"Al-Qadheeb","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.4266\/acc.2022.00094","article-title":"2021 KSCCM clinical practice guidelines for pain, agitation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disturbance in the intensive care unit","volume":"37","author":"Seo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Acute Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0060","unstructured":"Li, F., Li, L., Fu, Y., Zhang, S., Qian, Z., Wo, C., Hu, B., Yao, H., 2021. Construction of a predictive model of subsyndromal delirium after cardiac surgery in adults. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0065","unstructured":"Jiang Y, Liu Y, Wang Y, Zhu H. Formulation and practice of comprehensive intervention plan for high-risk ICU patients with subdelirium. China Med Pharm; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e825","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003299","article-title":"Clinical practice guidelines for the prevention and management of pain, agitation\/sedation, delirium, immobility, and sleep disruption in adult patients in the ICU","volume":"46","author":"Devlin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4491","DOI":"10.1111\/jonm.13887","article-title":"Nurses\u2019 assessment of subsyndromal delirium and barriers to assessment: a cross-sectional survey in the intensive care unit","volume":"30","author":"Gao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nursing Management"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Atkins D, Fink K, Slutsky J. Better Information for Better Health Care: The Evidence-based Practice Center Program and the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Ann Intern Med; 2005.","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-142-12_Part_2-200506211-00002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-010-9491-z","article-title":"Critical evaluation of the Newcastle-Ottawa scale for the assessment of the quality of nonrandomized studies in meta-analyses","volume":"25","author":"Stang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Durlach M, Khoury M, Donato CL, P\u00e9rez EA, Iezzi NH, L\u00f3pez R, Echavarr\u00eda GL. Delirium and subsyndromal delirium in the intensive care unit: In-hospital outcomes and prognosis at discharge. Med. Clin. (Engl. Ed). 2023;161:286\u201392. https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.medcle.2023.05.018.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.medcle.2023.05.018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.2147\/NDT.S407156","article-title":"Frequency and risk factors of subsyndromal delirium in the intensive care units: a prospective cohort study","volume":"19","author":"Gao","year":"2023","journal-title":"NDT"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6363","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12196363","article-title":"Subsyndromal Delirium in Critically Ill Patients\u2014Cognitive and Functional Long-Term Outcomes","volume":"12","author":"Paulino","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3789","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12113789","article-title":"Incidence Rate and Factors Associated with Delirium and Subsyndromal Delirium in Patients with COVID-19 in an Intensive Care Unit","volume":"12","author":"Perpetuo","year":"2023","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0180","article-title":"Construction and validation of risk prediction model for subdelirium syndrome in ICU","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J Modern Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0100","first-page":"752","article-title":"Postoperative delirium in patients on cardiopulmonary bypass for cardiovascular surgeries: incidence and influencing factors","volume":"54","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Sichuan Univ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000793","article-title":"Subsyndromal Delirium in Cardiac Surgery Patients","volume":"37","author":"Mailhot","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0190","article-title":"Use of automated infrared pupillometry to predict delirium in the intensive care unit: a prospective observational study","volume":"8","author":"Okamoto","year":"2022","journal-title":"SAGE Open Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6797","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm11226797","article-title":"Impact of Subsyndromal Delirium Occurrence and Its Trajectory during ICU Stay","volume":"11","author":"Serafim","year":"2022","journal-title":"JCM"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0200","article-title":"The Present Status and Influencing Factors of Subsyndromal Delirium in ICU (master\u2019s thesis)","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"North Sichuan Medical College"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0140","unstructured":"Cheng X, Shi P, Liu C. Construction and validation of prediction model of subsyndromal delirium inemergency trauma patients. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing; 2021."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0205","article-title":"The development and application of cognitive function intervention program in ICU patients with Subsyndromal Delirium. Chinese","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nurs Manage"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e20190068","DOI":"10.1590\/1983-1447.2020.20190068","article-title":"Prevalence of delirium in intensive care patients and association with sedoanalgesia, severity and mortality","volume":"41","author":"Bastos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Rev Ga\u00facha Enferm"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0215","article-title":"Analysis of the related factors of subsyndrome delirium in ICU","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chin Pract J Rural Doctor"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0125","series-title":"The status quo survey and causative analysis of ICU patients with subdelirium syndrome","author":"Miao","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1002\/ams2.378","article-title":"Validation of the Prediction of Delirium for Intensive Care model to predict subsyndromal delirium","volume":"6","author":"Azuma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Acute Med Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0225","article-title":"Incidence and influencing factors of subsyndromal delirium in ICU patients after surgery for craniocerebral tumor. Chinese Journal of Modern","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nursing"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0230","unstructured":"Li, J., Feng, Y., Yang, F., 2019a. Morbidity and influencing factors of subsyndromal delirium in surgical intensive care unit patients. Chinese Journal of Modern Nursing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1017\/S1478951517000104","article-title":"Subsyndromal delirium in the intensive care setting: Phenomenological characteristics and discrimination of subsyndromal delirium versus no and full-syndromal delirium","volume":"16","author":"Boettger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pall Supp Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrtlng.2018.04.005","article-title":"Delirium after cardiac surgery. Incidence, phenotypes, predisposing and precipitating risk factors, and effects","volume":"47","author":"Sanson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0240","article-title":"Research on the Correlation Between ICU Environmental Stressors and Incidence of subsyndromal delirium in ICU Patient (master\u2019s thesis)","author":"Yu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Huzhou University"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"207","DOI":"10.3109\/14017431.2015.1041423","article-title":"Subsyndromal delirium after cardiac surgery","volume":"49","author":"Breu","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand Cardiovasc J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1097\/JCN.0000000000000170","article-title":"Delirium, subsyndromal delirium, and cognitive changes in individuals undergoing elective coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"30","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2009.07.004","article-title":"Delirium in patients admitted to a step-down unit: Analysis of incidence and risk factors","volume":"25","author":"Ceriana","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1097\/JGP.0b013e318172b418","article-title":"Incidence and Predictors of Post-Cardiotomy Delirium","volume":"16","author":"Tan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1007","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-007-0618-y","article-title":"Subsyndromal delirium in the ICU: evidence for a disease spectrum","volume":"33","author":"Ouimet","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0090","unstructured":"Gu, T., Chen, J., Yang, Y., Xiao, X., Li, J., Zhang, Y., 2023. Construction and validation of a nomogram risk prediction model for subsyndromal delirium in mechanically ventilated patients. Chinese Journal of Emergency and Critical Care Nursing."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.15871","article-title":"Prevalence and risk factors of subsyndromal delirium among postoperative patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"80","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1002\/gps.3891","article-title":"Subsyndromal delirium in older people: a systematic review of frequency, risk factors, course and outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Cole","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Geriatr Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2021.103016","article-title":"Perception of discomfort by mechanical ventilation patients in the Intensive Care Unit: a qualitative study","volume":"64","author":"Ashkenazy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2010.08.003","article-title":"Physical restraint use in intensive care units across Europe: the PRICE study","volume":"26","author":"Benbenbishty","year":"2010","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1007\/s12603-019-1306-7","article-title":"The adverse effects of physical restraint use among older adult patients admitted to the internal medicine wards: a hospital-based retrospective cohort study","volume":"24","author":"Chou","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr Health Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2018.10.021","article-title":"Surgery, neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment","volume":"37","author":"Alam","year":"2018","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/NCC.0000000000001290","article-title":"Development and validation of subsyndromal delirium prediction model in patients with advanced malignant tumor","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cancer Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_bib266","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1007\/s00415-018-8782-2","article-title":"Frequency and predictors of post-stroke delirium in PRospective Observational POLIsh Study (PROPOLIS)","volume":"265","author":"Pasinska","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-03865-w","article-title":"Effect of hypoproteinemia on the mortality of sepsis patients in the ICU: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Rep"}],"container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339724002192?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339724002192?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,12,3]],"date-time":"2024-12-03T00:00:10Z","timestamp":1733184010000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0964339724002192"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"references-count":53,"alternative-id":["S0964339724002192"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-3397","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence and risk factors of subsyndromal delirium in ICU: A systematic review and meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2024.103834","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier Ltd. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103834"}}