{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:38:13Z","timestamp":1791279493567,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,1]],"date-time":"2026-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780272000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,6]],"date-time":"2026-02-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770336000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100015995","name":"Nord universitet","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100015995","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,27]],"date-time":"2026-02-27T01:15:28Z","timestamp":1772154928000},"page":"104359","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Losing a close person to death in ICU: A thematic analysis of bereaved family members\u2019 experiences of end-of-life care"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"94","author":[{"given":"Lena","family":"Palmryd","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anette","family":"Alvariza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Rejn\u00f6","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6011-6740","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tove","family":"Godskesen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"343","DOI":"10.1177\/1526924818800046","article-title":"A multicenter qualitative investigation of the experiences and perspectives of substitute decision makers who underwent organ donation decisions","volume":"28","author":"Sarti","year":"2018","journal-title":"Prog Transplant"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2020-037527","article-title":"Patient-centred and family-centred care of critically ill patients who are potential organ donors: a qualitative study protocol of family member perspectives","volume":"10","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1002\/nop2.14","article-title":"A scoping review of family experience and need during end of life care in intensive care","volume":"2","author":"Coombs","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nurs Open"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1464","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.535","article-title":"Emotional experiences and coping strategies of family members of critically ill patients","volume":"158","author":"Harlan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2222","DOI":"10.1111\/jan.14416","article-title":"A qualitative meta-synthesis investigating the experiences of the patient\u2019s family when treatment is withdrawn in the intensive care unit","volume":"76","author":"Coventry","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Adv Nurs"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0030","first-page":"1","article-title":"Consensus statements on end-of-life care in ICU - a Scandinavian multidisciplinary Delphi study","volume":"69","author":"Str\u00f8m Darfelt","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Anaesthesiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0035","unstructured":"WHO. Palliative Care - Key facts. Geneva: World Health Organization. https:\/\/www.who.int\/europe\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/item\/palliative-care2023."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2020.04.027","article-title":"Redefining palliative care-a new consensus-based definition","volume":"60","author":"Radbruch","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1415","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-021-06544-6","article-title":"Palliative care interventions in intensive care unit patients","volume":"47","author":"Metaxa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0050","article-title":"Critical care nurses\u2019 experiences of ethical challenges in end-of-life care","author":"Palmryd","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.4037\/NCI.0000000000000085","article-title":"Palliative and end-of-life ethical dilemmas in the intensive care unit","volume":"26","author":"Wiegand","year":"2015","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733017703697","article-title":"Sense of responsibility in ICU end-of-life decision-making: Relatives\u2019 experiences","volume":"26","author":"Lind","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2024.02.007","article-title":"An approach to caring for patients and family of patients dying in the ICU","volume":"166","author":"Jennerich","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.4037\/NCI.0000000000000076","article-title":"Resolving communication challenges in the intensive care unit","volume":"26","author":"Grant","year":"2015","journal-title":"AACN Adv Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.11-3277","article-title":"Identifying elements of ICU care that families report as important but unsatisfactory: decision-making, control, and ICU atmosphere","volume":"142","author":"Osborn","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-5229.175942","article-title":"Intensive care unit death and factors influencing family satisfaction of intensive care unit care","volume":"20","author":"Salins","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian J Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cnc.2020.02.005","article-title":"Impact of patient and family involvement in long-term outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Grant","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care Nurs Clin North Am"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1186\/s13613-025-01557-6","article-title":"Bereavement interventions for families in the ICU: a scoping review informed by a core outcome set","volume":"15","author":"Foran","year":"2025","journal-title":"Ann Intensive Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0095","series-title":"Polit and Beck\u2019s nursing research : generating and assessing evidence for nursing practice","author":"Flanagan","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0100","unstructured":"SFAI. Guidelines for Swedish intensive care: Definition Intensive care. [In Swedish: Riktlinjer f\u00f6r svensk intensivv\u00e5rd: Definition Intensivv\u00e5rd]. Swedish Association for Anaesthesia and Intensive Care. Avaible online: https:\/\/sfai.se\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/04\/Riktlinjer-svensk-intensivvard-2024.pdf 2024."},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1753","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732315617444","article-title":"Sample size in qualitative interview studies: guided by information power","volume":"26","author":"Malterud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0110","unstructured":"SFS 2003:460. The Act Concerning the Ethical Review of Research Involving Humans. (In Swedish: Lag om etikpr\u00f6vning av forskning som avser m\u00e4nniskor). Ministry of Education. Stockholm. [Internet]. [Available from: 20230131]. Available online: https:\/\/www.riksdagen.se\/sv\/dokument-lagar\/dokument\/svensk-forfattningssamling\/lag-2003460-om-etikprovning-av-forskning-som_sfs-2003-460."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0115","unstructured":"Regulation (EU) 2016\/679 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 27 April 2016 on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data, and repealing Directive 95\/46\/EC (General Data Protection Regulation) (Text with EEA relevance). http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/eli\/reg\/2016\/679\/oj, (2016)."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1080\/2159676X.2019.1628806","article-title":"Reflecting on reflexive thematic analysis","volume":"11","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Res Sport Exerc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0125","article-title":"'A starting point for your journey, not a map': Nikki Hayfield in conversation with Virginia Braun and Victoria Clarke about thematic analysis","author":"Braun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0130","series-title":"Thematic analysis: a practical guide","author":"Braun","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0135","series-title":"Successful qualitative research : a practical guide for beginners","author":"Braun","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1177\/0825859719874767","article-title":"Family outcomes and perceptions of end-of-life care in the intensive care unit: a mixed-methods review","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Palliat Care"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"435","DOI":"10.1513\/AnnalsATS.201309-308OT","article-title":"Recognizing, naming, and measuring a family intensive care unit syndrome","volume":"11","author":"Netzer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Am Thorac Soc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02103-8","article-title":"The experiences of the families of patients admitted to the intensive care unit","volume":"23","author":"Asadi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0155","first-page":"74","article-title":"Racial minority families\u2019 preferences for communication in pediatric intensive care often overlooked","volume":"112","author":"Zurca","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Natl Med Assoc"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0160","article-title":"Spiritual care: a description of family members\u2019 preferences of spiritual care nursing practices in intensive care units in a private hospital in Kwa-Zulu Natal, South Africa","volume":"10","author":"Zambezi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1482","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chest.2020.05.554","article-title":"Unplanned admission to the ICU: a qualitative study examining family member experiences","volume":"158","author":"Jennerich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chest"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"917","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02538-z","article-title":"Interventions for family involvement enhance end-of-life care for hospitalized patients: an integrative review","volume":"23","author":"Kim","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"10325","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)02176-0","article-title":"A three-step support strategy for relatives of patients dying in the intensive care unit: a cluster randomised trial","volume":"399","author":"Kentish-Barnes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0180","article-title":"How can family members of patients in the intensive care unit be supported? A systematic review of qualitative reviews, meta-synthesis, and novel recommendations for nursing care","volume":"7","author":"Gunnlaugsd\u00f3ttir","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int J Nurs Stud Adv"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"467","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-024-02087-5","article-title":"Navigating end-of-life decision-making in nursing: a systematic review of ethical challenges and palliative care practices","volume":"23","author":"Alanazi","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0190","article-title":"Experiences and needs of families with a relative admitted to an adult intensive care unit: a systematic review of qualitative studies","volume":"19","author":"Kynoch","year":"2021","journal-title":"JBI Evid Synth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2025.104037","article-title":"Family member\u2019s perceptions of and experiences with technology in intensive and critical care units: a thematic synthesis","volume":"89","author":"Choi","year":"2025","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcrc.2024.154859","article-title":"Establishing consensus on patient- and family-centered care in adult intensive care units: a Delphi survey","volume":"84","author":"Bohart","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2022.103328","article-title":"How to communicate with family members of the critically ill in the intensive care unit: a scoping review","volume":"74","author":"Reifarth","year":"2023","journal-title":"Intensive Crit Care Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1186\/s12912-022-00960-9","article-title":"A qualitative exploration of cultural safety in nursing from the perspectives of advanced practice nurses: meaning, barriers, and prospects","volume":"21","author":"Pirhofer","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1073","DOI":"10.1111\/hex.12549","article-title":"Discussing prognosis and treatment goals with patients with advanced cancer: a qualitative analysis of oncologists\u2019 language","volume":"20","author":"Chou","year":"2017","journal-title":"Health Expect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1177\/0269216319852007","article-title":"Communication between healthcare professionals and relatives of patients approaching the end-of-life: a systematic review of qualitative evidence","volume":"33","author":"Anderson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Palliat Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"946","DOI":"10.1177\/0969733014521097","article-title":"Research with bereaved families: a framework for ethical decision-making","volume":"21","author":"Sque","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nurs Ethics"}],"container-title":["Intensive and Critical Care Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339726000273?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0964339726000273?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T20:57:42Z","timestamp":1783976262000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0964339726000273"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0964339726000273"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359","relation":{},"ISSN":["0964-3397"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0964-3397","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Losing a close person to death in ICU: A thematic analysis of bereaved family members\u2019 experiences of end-of-life care","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Intensive and Critical Care Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.iccn.2026.104359","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"104359"}}