{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T03:46:56Z","timestamp":1789962416902,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,1]],"date-time":"2007-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1180656000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2007,6,11]],"date-time":"2007-06-11T13:04:40Z","timestamp":1181567080000},"page":"543-556","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":65,"title":["Cervicofacial Actinomycosis and Mandibular Osteomyelitis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"21","author":[{"given":"Abdu A.","family":"Sharkawy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30174-4","article-title":"The lumpy jaw. Cervicofacial actinomycosis","volume":"2","author":"Lerner","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib2","first-page":"524","article-title":"Pathologic quiz case 1. Cervicofacial actinomycosis","volume":"115","author":"Kwartler","year":"1989","journal-title":"Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/S0046-8177(73)80097-8","article-title":"Human actinomycosis. A study of 181 subjects","volume":"4","author":"Brown","year":"1973","journal-title":"Hum Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1562","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.135.12.1562","article-title":"A study of 57 cases of actinomycosis over a 36 year period","volume":"135","author":"Weese","year":"1975","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199905)21:3<264::AID-HED12>3.0.CO;2-Y","article-title":"Atypical presentations of actinomycosis","volume":"21","author":"Belmont","year":"1999","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-1119(92)90560-C","article-title":"Actinomycete infections in humans\u2014a review","volume":"115","author":"Schaal","year":"1992","journal-title":"Gene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib7","series-title":"Nelson textbook of pediatrics","first-page":"823","article-title":"Actinomycosis","author":"Jacobs","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1086\/516337","article-title":"Actinomycosis","volume":"26","author":"Smego","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01833868","article-title":"Infections due to Actinomyces neuii (former \u201cCDC coryneform group 1\u201d bacteria","volume":"23","author":"Funke","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib10","series-title":"Medical mycology","author":"Rippon","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib11","first-page":"736","article-title":"Studies on aetiology of actinomycosis. I. The \u201cother\u201d microbes of actinomycosis and their importance","volume":"27","author":"Holm","year":"1950","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1951.tb03705.x","article-title":"Studies on aetiology of human actinomycosis. II. Do the \u201cother\u201d microbes of actinomycosis possess virulence?","volume":"28","author":"Holm","year":"1951","journal-title":"Acta Pathol Microbiol Scand"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01881092","article-title":"Neve Beobactungen anf dem Bebiete der Mykosen des Menshen","volume":"74","author":"Israel","year":"1878","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01937693","article-title":"Ueber Reincultur des Actinomyces and seine Uebertragbarkeit auf Thiere","volume":"126","author":"Wolfe","year":"1891","journal-title":"Virchows Arch Pathol Anat Physiol Klin Med"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.85.5.858","article-title":"Actinomycosis manifesting as an acute painless lump of the jaw","volume":"85","author":"Feder","year":"1990","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib16","series-title":"Zinsser microbiology","first-page":"583","article-title":"Actinomycetes","author":"Mitchell","year":"1982"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1097\/00000637-200101000-00012","article-title":"Actinomycosis of the frontal and parotid regions","volume":"46","author":"Ermis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ann Plast Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1017\/S0022215100139416","article-title":"Actinomycosis of the posterior triangle: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"111","author":"Burns","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Laryngol Otol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1099\/00221287-32-2-209","article-title":"Determination of the structure and composition of \u201csulphur granules\u201d of Actinomyces bovis","volume":"32","author":"Pine","year":"1963","journal-title":"J Gen Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib20","first-page":"393","article-title":"Characterization of actinomycotic granules by architecture and staining methods","volume":"93","author":"Hotchi","year":"1972","journal-title":"Arch Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib21","series-title":"Medical mycology","author":"Emmons","year":"1977"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib22","series-title":"The biology of the actinomycetes","first-page":"389","article-title":"Clinical significance of actinomycetes","author":"Schaal","year":"1983"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib23","first-page":"109","article-title":"Primary actinomycosis of the thyroid mimicking carcinoma","volume":"13","author":"Dan","year":"1984","journal-title":"J Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.76.2.228","article-title":"Actinomycotic cervical abscess. A complication of transtracheal aspiration","volume":"76","author":"Rothman","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1370","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(99)90880-7","article-title":"Temporal actinomycosis: report of a case","volume":"57","author":"Zajc","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/S0194-5998(96)70109-2","article-title":"Actinomycosis of the paranasal sinuses: a case report and review","volume":"114","author":"Roth","year":"1996","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1016\/S0278-2391(98)90264-6","article-title":"Acute actinomycosis presenting as an ulcerated palatal mass","volume":"56","author":"Herman","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/hed.2880150111","article-title":"Actinomycosis of the tongue: a diagnostic challenge","volume":"15","author":"Ficarra","year":"1993","journal-title":"Head Neck"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib29","first-page":"230","article-title":"Actinomycosis: a masquerader in the head and neck","volume":"87","author":"Rankow","year":"1978","journal-title":"Ann Otolaryngol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(60)90226-6","article-title":"Actinomycosis and nocardiosis. A review of basic differences in therapy","volume":"28","author":"Peabody","year":"1960","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/70.1.27","article-title":"Rapid diagnosis of actinomycosis by thin-needle aspiration biopsy","volume":"70","author":"Pollock","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib32","series-title":"Anaerobic bacteria role in disease","first-page":"571","article-title":"Serologic screening for actinomycosis","author":"Lerner","year":"1974"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib33","series-title":"Infectious diseases","first-page":"493","article-title":"Actinomycosis","author":"Smego","year":"1994"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib34","unstructured":"Gilbert DN, Moellering RC Jr, Sande MA. The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy. 31st edition. Sperryville (VA): Antimocrobial Therapy Inc.; 2001. p. 70."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"252","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bdj.4805331","article-title":"The use of oral amoxicillin for the treatment of actinomycosis","volume":"156","author":"Martin","year":"1984","journal-title":"Br Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1288\/00005537-198409000-00013","article-title":"Actinomycosis: diagnostic and therapeutic considerations and a review of 32 cases","volume":"94","author":"Bennhoff","year":"1984","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.5.3.302","article-title":"Susceptibility of pathogenic actinomycetes to antimicrobial compounds","volume":"5","author":"Lerner","year":"1974","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"428","DOI":"10.1016\/0266-4356(85)90027-0","article-title":"Antibiotic treatment of cervicofacial actinomycosis for patients allergic to penicillin: a clinical and in vitro study","volume":"23","author":"Martin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-78-6-853","article-title":"Clindamycin in the treatment of serious anaerobic infections","volume":"78","author":"Fass","year":"1973","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/24.5.683","article-title":"In-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and other agents against oral bacteria","volume":"24","author":"Wade","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S262","DOI":"10.1086\/516187","article-title":"Susceptibilities of Actinomyces species and Propionibacterium propionicus to antimicrobial agents","volume":"25","author":"Tanaka-Bandoh","year":"1997","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000157215.15152.c2","article-title":"Actinomycosis presenting as osteomyelitis in the pediatric population","volume":"24","author":"Robinson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Lugassy G, Shaham R, Nemets A, et\u00a0al. Severe osteomyelitis of the jaw in long-term survivors of multiple myeloma: a new clinical entity. American Journal of Medicine 2004;117(6):440\u20131.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2004.04.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib44","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"787","article-title":"Infection of the oral cavity, neck and head","author":"Chow","year":"2005"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5520(20)30164-1","article-title":"Anatomic basis of head and neck infections","volume":"2","author":"Thadepalli","year":"1988","journal-title":"Infect Dis Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.44.2.331-384.1980","article-title":"Biology, immunology, and cariogenicity of Streptococcus mutans","volume":"44","author":"Hamada","year":"1980","journal-title":"Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib47","series-title":"UptoDate 14.3","article-title":"Epidemiology, pathogenesis and clinical manifestations of odontogenic infections","author":"Chow","year":"2006"},{"issue":"Suppl 4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S304","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/16.Supplement_4.S304","article-title":"Oral and dental infections with anaerobic bacteria: clinical features, predominant pathogens and treatment","volume":"16","author":"Tanner","year":"1993","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.17796\/jcpd.28.1.uwjxq61753506255","article-title":"Microbiology and management of endodontic infections in children","volume":"28","author":"Brook","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Pediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib50","series-title":"Oral and maxillofacial infections","first-page":"204","article-title":"Osteomyelitis of the jaws","author":"Topazian","year":"1987"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib51","series-title":"Uptodate 14.3","article-title":"Complications, diagnosis and treatment of odontogenic infections","author":"Chow","year":"2006"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/00007611-198606000-00012","article-title":"Chronic mandibular osteomyelitis","volume":"79","author":"Harris","year":"1986","journal-title":"South Med J"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"365","DOI":"10.2214\/ajr.157.2.1853823","article-title":"Bacterial osteomyelitis: findings on plain radiography, CT, MR, and scintigraphy","volume":"157","author":"Gold","year":"1991","journal-title":"AJR Am J Roentgenol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib54","series-title":"Oral and maxillofacial infections","first-page":"105","article-title":"Radiographic and other diagnostic imaging techniques","author":"Revskin","year":"1987"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1053\/srin.2002.34694","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance of oral anaerobic bacteria and their effect on the management of upper respiratory tract and head and neck infections","volume":"17","author":"Brook","year":"2002","journal-title":"Semin Respir Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/4.suppl_C.71","article-title":"The place of metronidazole in the treatment of acute orofacial infection","volume":"15","author":"Hood","year":"1978","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/S0901-5027(97)80012-4","article-title":"Treatment of chronic suppurative osteomyelitis of the mandible","volume":"26","author":"Van Merkesteyn","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0347(199808)20:5<411::AID-HED9>3.0.CO;2-0","article-title":"A modified protocol for early treatment of osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of the mandible","volume":"20","author":"Aitosalo","year":"1998","journal-title":"Head Neck"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891552007000190?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891552007000190?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,15]],"date-time":"2024-02-15T01:14:40Z","timestamp":1707959680000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891552007000190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]},"references-count":58,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891552007000190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2007.03.007","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-5520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-5520","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,6]]}}}