{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,28]],"date-time":"2026-08-28T21:57:47Z","timestamp":1787954267820,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":100,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2009,9,1]],"date-time":"2009-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1251763200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,8,7]],"date-time":"2009-08-07T05:53:10Z","timestamp":1249624390000},"page":"571-591","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":53,"title":["Severe Soft Tissue Infections"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"23","author":[{"given":"Lena M.","family":"Napolitano","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"s17","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.063.supp","article-title":"The diagnosis and treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs)","volume":"9","author":"Napolitano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Infect"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"ii37","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh202","article-title":"Complicated infections of skin and skin structures: when the infection is more than skin deep","volume":"53","author":"DiNubile","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1007\/s11908-007-0064-6","article-title":"Severe skin and soft tissue infections and associated critical illness","volume":"9","author":"Vinh","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Infect Dis Rep"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.suc.2008.09.006","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"89","author":"May","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Clin North Am"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"926","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.07.025","article-title":"Low sensitivity of physical examination findings in necrotizing soft tissue infection is improved with laboratory values: a prospective study","volume":"196","author":"Chan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9610(99)00259-7","article-title":"Objective criteria may assist in distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from non-necrotizing soft tissue infection","volume":"179","author":"Wall","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(00)00318-5","article-title":"A simple model to help distinguish necrotizing fasciitis from non-necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"191","author":"Wall","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.2.462","article-title":"Inadequate antimicrobial treatment of infections: a risk factor for hospital mortality among critically ill patients","volume":"115","author":"Kollef","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.122.1.262","article-title":"Clinical importance of delays in the initiation of appropriate antibiotic treatment for ventilator-associated pneumonia","volume":"122","author":"Iregui","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2742","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000098031.24329.10","article-title":"Impact of adequate empirical antibiotic therapy on the outcome of patients admitted to the intensive care unit with sepsis","volume":"31","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2003","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01712153","article-title":"Modification of empiric antibiotic treatment in patients with pneumonia acquired in the intensive care unit. ICU-Acquired Pneumonia Study Group","volume":"22","author":"Alvarez-Lerma","year":"1996","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1086\/511872","article-title":"Community-onset methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections: impact of antimicrobial therapy on outcome","volume":"44","author":"Ruhe","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2069","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000227655.41566.3E","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus sterile-site infection: the importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment","volume":"34","author":"Schramm","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib14","article-title":"The benefit of empiric treatment for MRSA","author":"Chuck","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib15","author":"Gorwitz"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1589","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000217961.75225.E9","article-title":"Duration of hypotension before initiation of effective antimicrobial therapy is the critical determinant of survival in human septic shock","volume":"34","author":"Kumar","year":"2006","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"328","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2007.07.001","article-title":"Microbiology and management of soft tissue and muscle infections","volume":"6","author":"Brook","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2976","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.290.22.2976","article-title":"Comparison of community- and health care-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection","volume":"290","author":"Naimi","year":"2003","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"943","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2006.01.004","article-title":"Fifteen-year study of the changing epidemiology of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"119","author":"Crum","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"666","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa055356","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant S aureus infections among patients in the emergency department","volume":"355","author":"Moran","year":"2006","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1445","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042683","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis caused by community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in Los Angeles","volume":"352","author":"Miller","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.10.011","article-title":"High prevalence of methicillin-resistance in emergency department skin and soft tissue infection","volume":"45","author":"Frazee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-144-5-200603070-00005","article-title":"Emergence of community acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus USA 300 Clone as the predominant cause of skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"144","author":"King","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.07.016","article-title":"Increasing incidence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections: reconsideration of empiric antimicrobial therapy","volume":"194","author":"Awad","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.19.2138","article-title":"High-dose vancomycin for methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections","volume":"166","author":"Hidayat","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1086\/381202","article-title":"Treatment outcomes for serious infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus with reduced vancomycin susceptibility","volume":"38","author":"Howden","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1290","DOI":"10.1086\/520743","article-title":"Skin, soft tissue, bone, and joint infections in hospitalized patients: epidemiology and microbiological, clinical, and economic outcomes","volume":"28","author":"Lipsky","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1373","DOI":"10.1086\/497143","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America. Practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"41","author":"Stevens","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e347","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.113.4.e347","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in southern New England children","volume":"113","author":"Dietrich","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa043252","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus disease in three communities","volume":"352","author":"Fridkin","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"577","DOI":"10.1086\/517478","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in two child care centers","volume":"178","author":"Adcock","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"864","DOI":"10.1001\/archpedi.153.8.864","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus carriage in a child care center following a case of disease","volume":"153","author":"Shahin","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1529","DOI":"10.1086\/429827","article-title":"Risk factors for community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among HIV-positive men who have sex with men","volume":"40","author":"Lee","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"971","DOI":"10.1086\/423965","article-title":"Natural history of community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus colonization and infection in soldiers","volume":"39","author":"Ellis","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(06)70491-1","article-title":"Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among US prisoners and military personnel: review and recommendations for future studies","volume":"6","author":"Aiello","year":"2006","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa042859","article-title":"A clone of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus among professional football players","volume":"352","author":"Kazakova","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.286.10.1201","article-title":"Community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in a rural American Indian community","volume":"286","author":"Groom","year":"2001","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib38","first-page":"88","article-title":"Over-representation of Samoan\/Pacific Islanders with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections at a large family practice clinic in Anchorage, Alaska, 1996\u20132000","volume":"46","author":"Castrodale","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ala Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01244-06","article-title":"Treatment and outcomes of infections by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus at an ambulatory clinic","volume":"51","author":"Szumowski","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"427","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2006.09.012","article-title":"Prospective comparison of methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant community-associated Staphylococcus aureus infections in hospitalized patients","volume":"54","author":"Skiest","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.139.9.947","article-title":"An epidemic of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus soft tissue infections among medically underserved patients","volume":"139","author":"Young","year":"2004","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib42","first-page":"S15","article-title":"Early appropriate parenteral antimicrobial treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"9","author":"Napolitano","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1086\/510396","article-title":"Impact of antibiotics on expression of virulence-associated exotoxin genes in methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"195","author":"Stevens","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1656","article-title":"Identification of novel cytolytic peptides as key virulence determinants for community-associated MRSA","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMcpc0807489","article-title":"Case 2\u20142009: a 25 year-old man with pain and swelling of the right hand and hypotension","volume":"360","author":"Filbin","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S513","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000143119.41916.5D","article-title":"Source control in the management of severe sepsis and septic shock: an evidence-based review","volume":"32","author":"Marshall","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"393","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0b013e328306ef2a","article-title":"Progress in medical management of intra-abdominal infections","volume":"21","author":"Laterre","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib48","article-title":"Emergency department physician ability to predict methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin and soft tissue infections","author":"Kuo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S368","DOI":"10.1086\/533593","article-title":"Skin and soft tissue infections caused by community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"46","author":"Stryjewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamcollsurg.2008.10.032","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: current concepts and review of the literature","volume":"208","author":"Sarani","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1086\/511638","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infection: diagnosis and management","volume":"44","author":"Anaya","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1097\/MCC.0b013e32825a6a1b","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"13","author":"Cainzos","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Opin Crit Care"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1858","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-007-9132-1","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections: APACHE II score, dissemination, and survival","volume":"31","author":"Yilmazlar","year":"2007","journal-title":"World J Surg"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"559","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2008.9952","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infection","volume":"9","author":"Cuschieri","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1001\/archsurg.140.2.151","article-title":"Predictors of mortality and limb loss in necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"140","author":"Anaya","year":"2005","journal-title":"Arch Surg"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1535","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000129486.35458.7D","article-title":"The LRINEC (Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis) score: a tool for distinguishing necrotizing fasciitis from other soft tissue infections","volume":"32","author":"Wong","year":"2004","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-2197.2008.04713.x","article-title":"Laboratory risk indicator for necrotizing fasciitis score and the outcomes","volume":"78","author":"Su","year":"2008","journal-title":"ANZ J Surg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/S0033-8389(05)70278-5","article-title":"Imaging of soft tissue infections","volume":"39","author":"Struk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Radiol Clin North Am"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1016\/S1072-7515(98)00192-6","article-title":"Magnetic resonance imaging differentiates between necrotizing and non-necrotizing fasciitis of the lower extremity","volume":"187","author":"Brothers","year":"1998","journal-title":"J\u00a0Am Coll Surg"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200308000-00005","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: clinical presentation, microbiology, and determinants of mortality","volume":"85","author":"Wong","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1097\/00000658-199505000-00013","article-title":"Determinants of mortality for necrotizing soft tissue infections","volume":"221","author":"McHenry","year":"1995","journal-title":"Ann Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib62","unstructured":"Elhabash S, Lee L, Farrow B, et\u00a0al. Characteristics and microbiology of patients presenting with necrotizing fasciitis. Presented at the Association of VA Surgeons 31st Annual Meeting. Little Rock, Arkansas, May 10\u201312, 2007."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"809","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2007.08.047","article-title":"Incidence and clinical characteristics of MRSA necrotizing fasciitis in a large urban hospital","volume":"194","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2007.052","article-title":"Community-acquired MRSA emerging as an important cause of necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"9","author":"Young","year":"2008","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.02029-07","article-title":"Severe necrotizing fasciitis in a human immunodeficiency virus-positive patient caused by MRSA","volume":"46","author":"Olsen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1080","DOI":"10.1097\/01.inf.0000243158.25713.29","article-title":"Community-associated MRSA necrotizing fasciitis in a neonate","volume":"25","author":"Dehority","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pediatr Infect Dis J"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"631","DOI":"10.2106\/JBJS.F.00580","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections and sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus compared with those caused by Aeromonas species","volume":"89","author":"Tsai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2497","DOI":"10.2106\/00004623-200411000-00021","article-title":"Systemic Vibrio infection presenting as necrotizing fasciitis and sepsis. A series of 13 cases","volume":"86","author":"Tsai","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Bone Joint Surg Am"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1067\/mhl.2000.106723","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Aeromonas hydrophila","volume":"29","author":"Minnaganti","year":"2000","journal-title":"Heart Lung"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib70","first-page":"539","article-title":"Vibrio vulnificus infection. diagnosis and treatment","volume":"76","author":"Bross","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am Fam Physician"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"899","DOI":"10.1097\/TA.0b013e31816a9ed3","article-title":"Necrotizing soft tissue infections and primary sepsis caused by Vibrio vulnificus and Vibrio cholerae non-O1","volume":"66","author":"Tsai","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Trauma"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"785","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-007-0358-5","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis caused by Vibrio vulnificus: epidemiology, clinical findings, treatment, and prevention","volume":"26","author":"Kuo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"135","DOI":"10.1016\/S1015-9584(09)60072-5","article-title":"Use of vacuum-assisted wound closure to manage limb wounds in patients suffering from acute necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"29","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Asian J Surg"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1177\/1534734609331991","article-title":"Giant VAC in a patient with extensive necrotizing fasciitis","volume":"8","author":"Steinstraesser","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Low Extrem Wounds"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib75","first-page":"76","article-title":"Use of a vacuum-assisted device for Fournier's gangrene: a new paradigm","volume":"10","author":"Silberstein","year":"2008","journal-title":"Rev Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjsurg.2008.04.018","article-title":"The use of vacuum-assisted closure therapy in the management of Fournier's gangrene","volume":"197","author":"Ozturk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"800","DOI":"10.1086\/515199","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin therapy for streptococcal toxic shock syndrome\u2014a comparative observational study. The Canadian Streptococcal Study Group","volume":"28","author":"Kaul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/21.6.1469","article-title":"Clinical usefulness of intravenous human immunoglobulins in invasive group A streptococcal infections: case report and review","volume":"21","author":"Lamothe","year":"1995","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD001090","article-title":"Intravenous immunoglobulin for treating sepsis and septic shock","volume":"1","author":"Alejandria","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00792.x","article-title":"Current usage of intravenous immune globulin and the rationale behind it: the Massachusetts General Hospital data and a review of the literature","volume":"46","author":"Darabi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Transfusion"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1086\/507037","article-title":"Different preparations of intravenous immunoglobulin vary in their efficacy to neutralize streptococcal superantigens: implications for treatment of streptococcal toxic shock syndrome","volume":"43","author":"Schrage","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1089\/sur.2007.085","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen does not improve outcome in patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection","volume":"10","author":"George","year":"2009","journal-title":"Surg Infect (Larchmt)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"485","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9610(94)90240-2","article-title":"A multicenter review of the treatment of major truncal necrotizing infections with and without hyperbaric oxygen therapy","volume":"167","author":"Brown","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.1016\/S0039-6060(05)80278-8","article-title":"Necrotizing fasciitis: an indication for hyperbaric oxygenation therapy?","volume":"118","author":"Shupak","year":"1995","journal-title":"Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib85","first-page":"7","article-title":"Review Hyperbaric oxygen therapy in acute necrotizing infections. With a special reference to the effects on tissue gas tensions","volume":"89","author":"Korhonen","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann Chir Gynaecol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.1097\/01.ju.0000158129.56571.05","article-title":"Hyperbaric oxygen for the treatment of fournier's gangrene","volume":"173","author":"Mindrup","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1007\/s00264-004-0578-6","article-title":"Microbiology and management of myositis","volume":"28","author":"Brook","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int Orthop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1007\/s002560000238","article-title":"MRI in inflammatory myopathies","volume":"29","author":"Garcia","year":"2000","journal-title":"Skeletal Radiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1086\/424846","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America","volume":"39","author":"Lipsky","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1086\/511036","article-title":"Validation of the Infectious Diseases Society of America's diabetic foot infection classification system","volume":"44","author":"Lavery","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2260","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.6.2260-2266.2005","article-title":"Linezolid CSSTI Study Group. Linezolid versus vancomycin in treatment of complicated skin and soft tissue infections","volume":"49","author":"Weigelt","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1673","DOI":"10.1086\/420818","article-title":"The safety and efficacy of daptomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections","volume":"38","author":"Arbeit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl 5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S341","DOI":"10.1086\/431675","article-title":"The efficacy and safety of tigecycline in the treatment of skin and skin-structure infections: results of 2 double-blind phase 3 comparison studies with vancomycin-aztreonam","volume":"41","author":"Ellis-Grosse","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib94","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1086\/497271","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind comparison of once-weekly dalbavancin versus twice-daily linezolid therapy for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections","volume":"41","author":"Jauregui","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1683","DOI":"10.1086\/587896","article-title":"Telavancin versus vancomycin for the treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive organisms","volume":"46","author":"Stryjewski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib96","unstructured":"Giamarellou H, O'Riordan W, Harris H, et\u00a0al. Phase 3 trial comparing 3\u20137 days of oritavancin versus 10\u201314 days of vancomycin\/cephalexin in the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infections (cSSSI) [abstract L-739]. Presented at the Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy. Chicago, 2003."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00551-07","article-title":"Results of a double-blind, randomized trial of ceftobiprole treatment of complicated skin and skin structure infections caused by gram-positive bacteria","volume":"52","author":"Noel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1086\/526527","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind trial comparing ceftobiprole medocaril to vancomycin plus ceftazidime in the treatment of patients with complicated skin and skin structure infection","volume":"46","author":"Noel","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib99","unstructured":"ASSIST-1 and ASSIST-2 (Arpida's Skin and Skin Structure Infection Studies). Presented at the 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC)\/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 46th annual meeting. Washington, DC, 2008."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006_bib100","unstructured":"Corey R, Wilcox M, Talbot GH, et\u00a0al. CANVAS-1. Presented at the 48th Interscience Conference on Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy (ICAAC)\/Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) 46th annual meeting in Washington, DC, 2008."}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089155200900035X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S089155200900035X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,17]],"date-time":"2018-12-17T17:56:03Z","timestamp":1545069363000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S089155200900035X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]},"references-count":100,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S089155200900035X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2009.04.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-5520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-5520","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2009,9]]}}}