{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T03:20:50Z","timestamp":1791429650364,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,9,1]],"date-time":"2016-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1472688000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","id.theclinics.com","clinicalkey.es","theclinics.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,8,9]],"date-time":"2016-08-09T14:47:37Z","timestamp":1470754057000},"page":"609-637","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":169,"title":["Disinfection and Sterilization in Health Care Facilities"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"30","author":[{"given":"William A.","family":"Rutala","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David J.","family":"Weber","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib1","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. National hospital discharge survey: 2010 table, procedures by selected patient characteristics-number by procedure category and age. 2010."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2012.08.002","article-title":"Burden of gastrointestinal disease in the United States: 2012 update","volume":"143","author":"Peery","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1447","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12720","article-title":"New Delhi metallo-beta-lactamase-producing carbapenem-resistant Escherichia coli associated with exposure to duodenoscopes","volume":"312","author":"Epstein","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"634","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.66","article-title":"Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-associated AmpC Escherichia coli outbreak","volume":"36","author":"Wendorf","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0b013e3181e9431a","article-title":"Endoscope reprocessing methods: a prospective study on the impact of human factors and automation","volume":"33","author":"Ofstead","year":"2010","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00085-12","article-title":"Transmission of infection by flexible gastrointestinal endoscopy and bronchoscopy","volume":"26","author":"Kovaleva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.1086\/511700","article-title":"How to assess risk of disease transmission to patients when there is a failure to follow recommended disinfection and sterilization guidelines","volume":"28","author":"Rutala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1086\/664495","article-title":"Lessons learned from outbreaks and pseudo-outbreaks associated with bronchoscopy","volume":"33","author":"Weber","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib9","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Immediate need for healthcare facilities to review procedures for cleaning, disinfecting, and sterilizing reusable medical devices. 2015. Available at: http:\/\/emergency.cdc.gov\/han\/han00382.asp. Accessed 18 May, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib10","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","first-page":"3294","article-title":"Disinfection, sterilization and control of hospital waste","author":"Rutala","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.038","article-title":"Disinfection, Sterilization and Antisepsis: An Overview","volume":"44","author":"Rutala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib12","series-title":"APIC text of infection control and epidemiology","first-page":"31.1","article-title":"Cleaning, disinfection and sterilization","author":"Rutala","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib13","series-title":"Guideline for disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities, 2008","author":"Rutala","year":"2008"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib14","unstructured":"Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities. In: Han J, editor Practical healthcare epidemiology. 4th edition: University of Chicago Press, in press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib15","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization, and preservation","first-page":"517","article-title":"Chemical disinfection of medical and surgical materials","author":"Spaulding","year":"1968"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib16","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for environmental infection control in health-care facilities","volume":"52","author":"Sehulster","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1086\/657580","article-title":"Disinfection and sterilization of prion-contaminated medical instruments, reply to Belay","volume":"31","author":"Rutala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1086\/676867","article-title":"Efficacy of a washer-disinfector in eliminating healthcare-associated pathogens from surgical instruments","volume":"35","author":"Rutala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib19","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. FDA-cleared sterilants and high level disinfectants with general claims for processing reusable medical and dental devices, March 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/MedicalDevices\/DeviceRegulationandGuidance\/ReprocessingofReusableMedicalDevices\/ucm437347.htm. Accessed 19 May, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib20","unstructured":"Rutala WA, Weber DJ. Disinfection and sterilization in healthcare facilities. In: Han J, ed. SHEA practical healthcare epidemiology University of Chicago Press."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib21","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guidelines for infection control in dental health-care settings\u20132003","volume":"52","author":"Kohn","year":"2003","journal-title":"MMWR Recomm Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2011.05.002","article-title":"Disinfection: is it time to reconsider Spaulding?","volume":"78","author":"McDonnell","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib23","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Brief summary of the gastroenterology and urology devices panel meeting. 2015."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1405","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.12559","article-title":"Gastrointestinal endoscopes: a need to shift from disinfection to sterilization?","volume":"312","author":"Rutala","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"643","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.98","article-title":"ERCP scopes: what can we do to prevent infections?","volume":"36","author":"Rutala","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1086\/662712","article-title":"Outbreak of Pseudomonas aeruginosa surgical site infections after arthroscopic procedures: Texas, 2009","volume":"32","author":"Tosh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1068","DOI":"10.1086\/677153","article-title":"Microbial contamination on used surgical instruments","volume":"35","author":"Rutala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"916","DOI":"10.1086\/518845","article-title":"Disinfection of a probe used in ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy","volume":"28","author":"Rutala","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2015.266","article-title":"Effective high-level disinfection of cystoscopes: is perfusion of channels required?","volume":"37","author":"Rutala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2011.04.330","article-title":"Disinfection of an infrared coagulation device used to treat hemorrhoids","volume":"40","author":"Rutala","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.2307\/30141222","article-title":"Role of environmental contamination in the transmission of vancomycin-resistant enterococci","volume":"18","author":"Weber","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.04.196","article-title":"Role of hospital surfaces in the transmission of emerging health care-associated pathogens: norovirus, Clostridium difficile, and Acinetobacter species","volume":"38","author":"Weber","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4217","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00138-07","article-title":"Outbreaks associated with contaminated antiseptics and disinfectants","volume":"51","author":"Weber","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.2307\/30141372","article-title":"Stability and bactericidal activity of chlorine solutions","volume":"19","author":"Rutala","year":"1998","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1086\/660676","article-title":"Multisociety guideline on reprocessing flexible GI endoscopes: 2011","volume":"32","author":"Petersen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1097\/SGA.0b013e31829c6d5b","article-title":"Standards of infection control and reprocessing of flexible gastrointestinal endoscopes","volume":"36","author":"Society of Gastroenterology Nurses and Associates I","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gastroenterol Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.4253\/wjge.v6.i10.457","article-title":"Risk of transmission of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae and related \u201csuperbugs\u201d during gastrointestinal endoscopy","volume":"6","author":"Muscarella","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.03.003","article-title":"Persistent contamination on colonoscopes and gastroscopes detected by biologic cultures and rapid indicators despite reprocessing performed in accordance with guidelines","volume":"43","author":"Ofstead","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2807\/ese.15.48.19734-en","article-title":"Control of a multi-hospital outbreak of KPC-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae type 2 in France, September to October 2009","volume":"15","author":"Carbonne","year":"2010","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib40","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization and antisepsis: principles and practices in healthcare facilities","first-page":"63","article-title":"Studies on the bioburden on medical devices and the importance of cleaning","author":"Roberts","year":"2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1016\/S0196-6553(99)70004-0","article-title":"Worst-case soiling levels for patient-used flexible endoscopes before and after cleaning","volume":"27","author":"Alfa","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.2307\/30140983","article-title":"FDA labeling requirements for disinfection of endoscopes: a counterpoint","volume":"16","author":"Rutala","year":"1995","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib43","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration. Brief summary of the gastroeneterology and urology devices panel meeting, May 14-15, 2015. Available at: http:\/\/www.fda.gov\/AdvisoryCommittees\/CommitteesMeetingMaterials\/MedicalDevices\/MedicalDevicesAdvisoryCommittee\/ucm445590.htm. Accessed 18 May, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.06.023","article-title":"Is biofilm accumulation on endoscope tubing a contributor to the failure of cleaning and decontamination","volume":"58","author":"Pajkos","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib45","series-title":"Disinfection, sterilization and antisepsis: principles, practices, current issues, new research, and new technologies","first-page":"223","article-title":"The role of biofilms in reprocessing medical devices","author":"Roberts","year":"2010"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2015.09.016","article-title":"Effectiveness of current disinfection procedures against biofilm on contaminated GI endoscopes","volume":"83","author":"Neves","year":"2016","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2014.07.029","article-title":"Correlation between the growth of bacterial biofilm in flexible endoscopes and endoscope reprocessing methods","volume":"42","author":"Ren-Pei","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gie.2010.09.028","article-title":"Delayed reprocessing of endoscopes","volume":"73","author":"Agrawal","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastrointest Endosc"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.10.037","article-title":"Outbreaks of carbapenem-resistant Enteriobacteriaceae infections associated with duodenoscopes: what can we do to prevent infections?","volume":"44","author":"Rutala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1086\/660363","article-title":"The role played by contaminated surfaces in the transmission of nosocomial pathogens","volume":"32","author":"Otter","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"issue":"Suppl 2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(07)60015-2","article-title":"Environmental contamination makes an important contribution to hospital infection","volume":"65","author":"Boyce","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.009","article-title":"Role of the environment in the transmission of Clostridium difficile in health care facilities","volume":"41","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.11.006","article-title":"Disinfectants used for environmental disinfection and new room decontamination technology","volume":"41","author":"Rutala","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1086\/657944","article-title":"Contamination of hands with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after contact with environmental surfaces and after contact with the skin of colonized patients","volume":"32","author":"Stiefel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2013.01.003","article-title":"Methods for assessing the adequacy of practice and improving room disinfection","volume":"41","author":"Carling","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1945","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.166.18.1945","article-title":"Risk of acquiring antibiotic-resistant bacteria from prior room occupants","volume":"166","author":"Huang","year":"2006","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1086\/658669","article-title":"Evaluation of hospital room assignment and acquisition of Clostridium difficile infection","volume":"32","author":"Shaughnessy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.12.010","article-title":"Does improving surface cleaning and disinfection reduce health care-associated infections?","volume":"41","author":"Donskey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.03.004","article-title":"Evaluating hygienic cleaning in health care settings: what you do not know can harm your patients","volume":"38","author":"Carling","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"678","DOI":"10.1086\/598243","article-title":"Monitoring the effectiveness of hospital cleaning practices by use of an adenosine triphosphate bioluminescence assay","volume":"30","author":"Boyce","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.10.030","article-title":"Interventional evaluation of environmental contamination by vancomycin-resistant enterococci: failure of personnel, product or procedure?","volume":"71","author":"Hota","year":"2009","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1086\/588566","article-title":"Impact of an environmental cleaning intervention on the presence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant enterococci on surfaces in intensive care unit rooms","volume":"29","author":"Goodman","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-7-61","article-title":"Reduction of Clostridium difficile and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus contamination of environmental surfaces after an intervention to improve cleaning methods","volume":"7","author":"Eckstein","year":"2007","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib64","unstructured":"Leas BF, SN, Han JH, et\u00a0al. Environmental cleaning for the prevention of healthcare-associated infection. Technical brief No. 22 (prepared by the ECRI Institute \u2013 Penn Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. Available at: http:\/\/effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov\/index.cfm\/search-for-guides-reviews-and-reports\/?pageaction=displayproduct&productid=1951. Accessed 18 May, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1086\/655016","article-title":"A\u00a0quantitative approach to defining \u201chigh-touch\u201d surfaces in hospitals","volume":"31","author":"Huslage","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1086\/669092","article-title":"Microbial assessment of high-, medium-, and low-touch hospital room surfaces","volume":"34","author":"Huslage","year":"2013","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2010.04.208","article-title":"Applications of ultraviolet germicidal irradiation disinfection in health care facilities: effective adjunct, but not stand-alone technology","volume":"38","author":"Memarzadeh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2014.36","article-title":"Evaluation of a pulsed xenon ultraviolet disinfection system for reduction of healthcare-associated pathogens in hospital rooms","volume":"36","author":"Nerandzic","year":"2015","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1086\/656244","article-title":"Room decontamination with UV radiation","volume":"31","author":"Rutala","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1070","DOI":"10.1086\/677149","article-title":"Room decontamination using an ultraviolet-C device with short ultraviolet exposure time","volume":"35","author":"Rutala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-10-197","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated ultraviolet radiation device for decontamination of Clostridium difficile and other healthcare-associated pathogens in hospital rooms","volume":"10","author":"Nerandzic","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib72","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"737","DOI":"10.1086\/661222","article-title":"Terminal decontamination of patient rooms using an automated mobile UV light unit","volume":"32","author":"Boyce","year":"2011","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"723","DOI":"10.1086\/589906","article-title":"Impact of hydrogen peroxide vapor room decontamination on Clostridium difficile environmental contamination and transmission in a healthcare setting","volume":"29","author":"Boyce","year":"2008","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2004.03.006","article-title":"Tackling contamination of the hospital environment by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA): a comparison between conventional terminal cleaning and hydrogen peroxide vapour decontamination","volume":"57","author":"French","year":"2004","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.05.018","article-title":"Environmental methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) disinfection using dry-mist-generated hydrogen peroxide","volume":"70","author":"Bartels","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"810","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01797-06","article-title":"Use of hydrogen peroxide vapor for deactivation of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in a biological safety cabinet and a room","volume":"45","author":"Hall","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"360","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.05.009","article-title":"Rapid recontamination with MRSA of the environment of an intensive care unit after decontamination with hydrogen peroxide vapour","volume":"66","author":"Hardy","year":"2007","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mimet.2004.10.021","article-title":"Evaluation of hydrogen peroxide vapour as a method for the decontamination of surfaces contaminated with Clostridium botulinum spores","volume":"60","author":"Johnston","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Microbiol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib79","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3916","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.63.10.3916-3918.1997","article-title":"Efficacy of vaporized hydrogen peroxide against exotic animal viruses","volume":"63","author":"Heckert","year":"1997","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.56.2.503-506.1990","article-title":"Vapor-phase hydrogen peroxide as a surface decontaminant and sterilant","volume":"56","author":"Klapes","year":"1990","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"364","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2005.05.003","article-title":"Use of hydrogen peroxide vapour for environmental control during a Serratia outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit","volume":"61","author":"Bates","year":"2005","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2008.06.008","article-title":"Activity of a dry mist hydrogen peroxide system against environmental Clostridium difficile contamination in elderly care wards","volume":"70","author":"Shapey","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2010.12.006","article-title":"Airborne hydrogen peroxide for disinfection of the hospital environment and infection control: a systematic review","volume":"78","author":"Falagas","year":"2011","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Weber DJ, Rutala W, Anderson DJ, et\u00a0al. Effectiveness of UV devices and hydrogen peroxide systems for terminal room decontamination: focus on clinical trials. Am J Infect Control, 2016.;44(5 Suppl):e77-e84.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.11.015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib85","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"855","DOI":"10.1086\/676877","article-title":"Selection of the ideal disinfectant","volume":"35","author":"Rutala","year":"2014","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2012.10.031","article-title":"Assessing the risk of disease transmission to patients when there is a failure to follow recommended disinfection and sterilization guidelines","volume":"41","author":"Weber","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1546","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dku006","article-title":"Susceptibility of high-risk human papillomavirus type 16 to clinical disinfectants","volume":"69","author":"Meyers","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.24421","article-title":"Susceptibility of HPV 16 and 18 to high-level disinfectants indicated for semi-critical ultrasound probes","volume":"88","author":"Ryndock","year":"2015","journal-title":"J\u00a0Med Virol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1017\/ice.2016.11","article-title":"Effectiveness of a hydrogen peroxide mist (Trophon\u00ae) system in inactivating healthcare pathogens on surface and endocavitary probes","volume":"37","author":"Rutala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.09.008","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated high-level disinfection technology for ultrasound transducers","volume":"7","author":"Vickery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J\u00a0Infect Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e63","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2016.02.023","article-title":"Disinfection and sterilization in physician practices and specialty clinics","volume":"44","author":"Bringhurst","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"5 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2015.12.029","article-title":"Reprocessing semicritical items: current issues and new technologies","volume":"44","author":"Rutala","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib93","unstructured":"Anonymous. McGrath MAC video laryngoscope operator's manual. Available at: https:\/\/www.physio-control.com\/uploadedFiles\/Physio85\/Contents\/Emergency_Medical_Care\/Products\/PreHospital\/MAC%20EMS%20IFU.pdf. Access 18 May, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib94","first-page":"588","article-title":"Outbreak of cystoscopy related infections with Pseudomonas aeurginosa: New Mexico, 2007","volume":"180","author":"Wendelboe","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Urol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1086\/513447","article-title":"Recommendations to resolve inconsistent guidelines for the reprocessing of sheathed and unsheathed rigid laryngoscopes","volume":"28","author":"Muscarella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"536","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2006.09.010","article-title":"Prevention of disease transmission during flexible laryngoscopy","volume":"35","author":"Muscarella","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2007.11.004","article-title":"Reassessment of the risk of healthcare-acquired infection during rigid laryngoscopy","volume":"68","author":"Muscarella","year":"2008","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1213\/ane.0b013e3181ac1080","article-title":"Nosocomial contamination of laryngoscope handles: challenging current guidelines","volume":"109","author":"Call","year":"2009","journal-title":"Anesth Analg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2009.09.015","article-title":"Contamination of laryngoscope handles","volume":"74","author":"Williams","year":"2010","journal-title":"J\u00a0Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib100","first-page":"241","article-title":"Incidence of visible and occult blood on laryngoscope blades and handles","volume":"65","author":"Phillips","year":"1997","journal-title":"AANA J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib101","unstructured":"Anonymous. GlideScope. Available at: http:\/\/www.verathon.com\/assets\/0900-4200-02-60.pdf. Accessed 18 May, 2016."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1975","DOI":"10.3390\/v7041975","article-title":"Evaluating environmental persistence and disinfection of the Ebola virus Makona variant","volume":"7","author":"Cook","year":"2015","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib103","first-page":"116","article-title":"The inactivation of viruses by germicides","volume":"49","author":"Klein","year":"1963","journal-title":"Chem Specialists Manuf Assoc Proc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"514","DOI":"10.1086\/501662","article-title":"Sporicidal activity of a new low-temperature sterilization technology: the Sterrad 50 sterilizer","volume":"20","author":"Rutala","year":"1999","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"417","DOI":"10.2307\/30141249","article-title":"Susceptibility of antibiotic-susceptible and antibiotic-resistant hospital bacteria to disinfectants","volume":"18","author":"Rutala","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.2307\/30141982","article-title":"Susceptibility of vancomycin-resistant enterococci to environmental disinfectants","volume":"18","author":"Anderson","year":"1997","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1086\/501694","article-title":"Antimicrobial activity of home disinfectants and natural products against potential human pathogens","volume":"21","author":"Rutala","year":"2000","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891552016300228?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891552016300228?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,24]],"date-time":"2020-09-24T23:31:59Z","timestamp":1600990319000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891552016300228"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891552016300228"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-5520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-5520","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Disinfection and Sterilization in Health Care Facilities","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infectious Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2016.04.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}