{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T04:34:03Z","timestamp":1791952443600,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":107,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,15]],"date-time":"2026-03-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773532800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":14,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","theclinics.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,21]],"date-time":"2026-01-21T21:19:32Z","timestamp":1769030372000},"page":"127-147","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Treatment of Melioidosis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Ella M.","family":"Meumann","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giri","family":"Rajahram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stephen D.","family":"Woolley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simon","family":"Smith","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ian","family":"Gassiep","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-023-00972-5","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei and melioidosis","volume":"22","author":"Meumann","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/nmicrobiol.2015.8","article-title":"Predicted global distribution of Burkholderia pseudomallei and burden of melioidosis","volume":"1","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Microbiol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"861","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2116130","article-title":"Multistate outbreak of melioidosis associated with imported aromatherapy spray","volume":"386","author":"Gee","year":"2022","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2355","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2306448","article-title":"Locally acquired melioidosis linked to environment - Mississippi, 2020-2023","volume":"389","author":"Petras","year":"2023","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3109.250804","article-title":"Related melioidosis cases with unknown exposure source, Georgia, USA, 1983-2024","volume":"31","author":"Brennan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1737","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00022-0","article-title":"The Darwin Prospective Melioidosis Study: a 30-year prospective, observational investigation","volume":"21","author":"Currie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003834","article-title":"Airborne transmission of melioidosis to humans from environmental aerosols contaminated with B. pseudomallei","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0010486","article-title":"Melioidosis in the remote Katherine region of northern Australia","volume":"16","author":"Hodgetts","year":"2022","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.5694\/j.1326-5377.2009.tb02792.x","article-title":"Melioidosis in south-eastern Queensland","volume":"191","author":"Guard","year":"2009","journal-title":"Med J Aust"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2106.141908","article-title":"Endemic melioidosis in residents of desert region after atypically intense rainfall in central Australia, 2011","volume":"21","author":"Yip","year":"2015","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000827","article-title":"Drivers of melioidosis endemicity: epidemiological transition, zoonosis, and climate change","volume":"35","author":"Birnie","year":"2022","journal-title":"Curr Opin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3119","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2712.211302","article-title":"Increased Incidence of Melioidosis in Far North Queensland, Queensland, Australia, 1998-2019","volume":"27","author":"Smith","year":"2021","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/23.5.1082","article-title":"The epidemiology of melioidosis in Ubon Ratchatani, northeast Thailand","volume":"23","author":"Suputtamongkol","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1074","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2006.74.1074","article-title":"Development of antibodies to Burkholderia pseudomallei during childhood in melioidosis-endemic northeast Thailand","volume":"74","author":"Wuthiekanun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib15","article-title":"Characteristics and one year outcomes of melioidosis patients in northeastern Thailand: a prospective, multicenter cohort study","volume":"9doi","author":"Chantratita","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Southeast Asia"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib16","article-title":"The epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of patients with Burkholderia pseudomallei bacteraemia-implications for clinical management","volume":"8","author":"Prinsloo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"968","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciac111","article-title":"Melioidosis of the central nervous system; impact of the bimABm allele on patient presentation and outcome","volume":"78","author":"Gora","year":"2024","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actatropica.2024.107480","article-title":"Mycotic aneurysms due to Burkholderia pseudomallei in Far North Queensland, tropical Australia: A case series and review of the literature","volume":"260","author":"Boyle","year":"2024","journal-title":"Acta Trop"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2021.e01295","article-title":"Melioidosis-related mycotic aneurysm: Three cases","volume":"26","author":"Tong","year":"2021","journal-title":"IDCases"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.01039-23","article-title":"Optimization and prospective evaluation of sensitive real-time PCR assays with an internal control for the diagnosis of melioidosis in Thailand","volume":"11","author":"Noparatvarakorn","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiol Spectr"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.18.2.383-416.2005","article-title":"Melioidosis: epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management","volume":"18","author":"Cheng","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.01.005","article-title":"Treatment and prophylaxis of melioidosis","volume":"43","author":"Dance","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib23","series-title":"M45 Methods for Antimicrobial Dilution and Disk Susceptibility Testing of Infrequently Isolated or Fastidious Bacteria -","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib24","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei multi-centre study to establish EUCAST MIC and zone diameter distributions and epidemiological cut-off values","author":"Karatuna","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.02.017","article-title":"Interpreting Burkholderia pseudomallei disc diffusion susceptibility test results by the EUCAST method","volume":"27","author":"Dance","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2008.78.208","article-title":"Consensus guidelines for dosing of amoxicillin-clavulanate in melioidosis","volume":"78","author":"Cheng","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib27","first-page":"3","article-title":"The 2024 revised Darwin melioidosis treatment guideline. The Northern Territory Disease Control","volume":"30","author":"Currie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Bulletin"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4193","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01301-08","article-title":"Dosing regimens of cotrimoxazole (trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole) for melioidosis","volume":"53","author":"Cheng","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.juro.2009.04.010","article-title":"Prostatic abscess due to Burkholderia pseudomallei: 81 cases from a 19-year prospective melioidosis study","volume":"182","author":"Morse","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Urol"},{"issue":"8665","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"697","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(89)90768-X","article-title":"Halving of mortality of severe melioidosis by ceftazidime","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"1989","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1105","DOI":"10.1086\/444456","article-title":"Two randomized controlled trials of ceftazidime alone versus ceftazidime in combination with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis","volume":"41","author":"Chierakul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/19.5.846","article-title":"Ceftazidime vs. amoxicillin\/clavulanate in the treatment of severe melioidosis","volume":"19","author":"Suputtamongkol","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"381","DOI":"10.1086\/520219","article-title":"Comparison of imipenem and ceftazidime as therapy for severe melioidosis","volume":"29","author":"Simpson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1014","DOI":"10.1086\/315306","article-title":"Differential antibiotic-induced endotoxin release in severe melioidosis","volume":"181","author":"Simpson","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.5.1763-1765.2004","article-title":"Outcomes of patients with melioidosis treated with meropenem","volume":"48","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/33.1.145","article-title":"Susceptibility of Pseudomonas pseudomallei to some newer beta-lactam antibiotics and antibiotic combinations using time-kill studies","volume":"33","author":"Smith","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2356","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.39.10.2356","article-title":"Postantibiotic effects and Burkholderia (Pseudomonas) pseudomallei: evaluation of current treatment","volume":"39","author":"Walsh","year":"1995","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"308","DOI":"10.1086\/519261","article-title":"A randomized controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for the treatment of severe sepsis due to melioidosis in Thailand","volume":"45","author":"Cheng","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1086\/380456","article-title":"Adjunctive granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for treatment of septic shock due to melioidosis","volume":"38","author":"Cheng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0B013E318161E480","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of granulocyte colony-stimulating factor in patients with septic shock","volume":"36","author":"Stephens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/cc10031","article-title":"Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for sepsis: a meta-analysis","volume":"15","author":"Bo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2125.2000.00179.x","article-title":"Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic evaluation of ceftazidime continuous infusion vs intermittent bolus injection in septicaemic melioidosis","volume":"49","author":"Angus","year":"2000","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1093\/ajhp\/zxy035","article-title":"Ceftazidime stability and pyridine toxicity during continuous i.v. infusion","volume":"76","author":"Jones","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Health Syst Pharm"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2024.106299","article-title":"Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy with carbapenems: A systematic review","volume":"89","author":"Wolie","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1086\/507632","article-title":"Risk factors for recurrent melioidosis in northeast Thailand","volume":"43","author":"Limmathurotsakul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/168.5.1181","article-title":"Relapse in melioidosis: incidence and risk factors","volume":"168","author":"Chaowagul","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"546","DOI":"10.1016\/0035-9203(95)90104-3","article-title":"A prospective comparison of co-amoxiclav and the combination of chloramphenicol, doxycycline, and co-trimoxazole for the oral maintenance treatment of melioidosis","volume":"89","author":"Rajchanuvong","year":"1995","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1086\/520218","article-title":"A comparison of chloramphenicol, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and doxycycline with doxycycline alone as maintenance therapy for melioidosis","volume":"29","author":"Chaowagul","year":"1999","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4020","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.10.4020-4025.2005","article-title":"Open-label randomized trial of oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, doxycycline, and chloramphenicol compared with trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole and doxycycline for maintenance therapy of melioidosis","volume":"49","author":"Chaowagul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"9919","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)61951-0","article-title":"Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole versus trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole plus doxycycline as oral eradicative treatment for melioidosis (MERTH): a multicentre, double-blind, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial","volume":"383","author":"Chetchotisakd","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e3627","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa1084","article-title":"A comparison between 12 versus 20 weeks of trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole as oral eradication treatment for melioidosis: an open-label, pragmatic, multicenter, non-inferiority, randomized controlled trial","volume":"73","author":"Anunnatsiri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.107283","article-title":"Adverse reactions to trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole for melioidosis eradication therapy: An evaluation of frequency and risk factors","volume":"150","author":"Martin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Int J Infect Dis"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0003586","article-title":"Intravenous therapy duration and outcomes in melioidosis: a new treatment paradigm","volume":"9","author":"Pitman","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1007\/s004300050110","article-title":"Highly resistant Burkholderia pseudomallei small colony variants isolated in vitro and in experimental melioidosis","volume":"188","author":"Haussler","year":"1999","journal-title":"Med Microbiol Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib55","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2019.09.011","article-title":"A comparative genomic analysis of small-colony variant and wild-type Burkholderia pseudomallei in a patient with bacterial liver abscess","volume":"21","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00356-17","article-title":"Within-host evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei during chronic infection of seven Australasian cystic fibrosis patients","volume":"8","author":"Viberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.ppat.1008298","article-title":"Pathogen to commensal? Longitudinal within-host population dynamics, evolution, and adaptation during a chronic >16-year Burkholderia pseudomallei infection","volume":"16","author":"Pearson","year":"2020","journal-title":"PLoS Pathog"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"116","DOI":"10.1186\/s12890-015-0109-9","article-title":"An international, multicentre evaluation and description of Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in cystic fibrosis","volume":"15","author":"Geake","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Pulm Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib59","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ebiom.2020.103152","article-title":"Taking the next-gen step: comprehensive antimicrobial resistance detection from Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"63","author":"Madden","year":"2021","journal-title":"EBioMedicine"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1089\/mdr.2020.0362","article-title":"Antimicrobial susceptibility of western hemisphere isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei: phenotypic and genomic analyses","volume":"27","author":"Bugrysheva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Microb Drug Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2019.01.003","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei acquired ceftazidime resistance due to gene duplication and amplification","volume":"53","author":"Chirakul","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciy069","article-title":"Raising the stakes: loss of efflux pump regulation decreases meropenem susceptibility in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"67","author":"Sarovich","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2014.06.003","article-title":"Trimethoprim\/sulfamethoxazole resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"44","author":"Dance","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.01357-17","article-title":"Mechanisms of resistance to folate pathway inhibitors in Burkholderia pseudomallei: deviation from the norm","volume":"8","author":"Podnecky","year":"2017","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00685-20","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei clinical isolates are highly susceptible in vitro to cefiderocol, a siderophore cephalosporin","volume":"65","author":"Burnard","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib66","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00171-23","article-title":"Exploring cefiderocol resistance mechanisms in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"67","author":"Hall","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"460","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.07.022","article-title":"Activity of tigecycline in the treatment of acute Burkholderia pseudomallei infection in a murine model","volume":"28","author":"Feterl","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1555","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.50.4.1555-1557.2006","article-title":"In vitro activity of tigecycline against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis","volume":"50","author":"Thamlikitkul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib69","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01930-20","article-title":"In vitro antibacterial activity and in vivo efficacy of sulbactam-durlobactam against pathogenic Burkholderia species","volume":"65","author":"Papp-Wallace","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0011795","article-title":"Epetraborole, a leucyl-tRNA synthetase inhibitor, demonstrates murine efficacy, enhancing the in vivo activity of ceftazidime against Burkholderia pseudomallei, the causative agent of melioidosis","volume":"17","author":"Cummings","year":"2023","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2013.06.016","article-title":"In vitro activity of tebipenem against Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"42","author":"Seenama","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib72","first-page":"65","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo characterization of tebipenem (TBP), an orally active carbapenem, against biothreat pathogens","author":"Clayton","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib73","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-022-01012-9","article-title":"A novel lytic phage potentially effective for phage therapy against Burkholderia pseudomallei in the tropics","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Infect Dis Poverty"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib74","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0158213","article-title":"Experimental phage therapy for Burkholderia pseudomallei infection","volume":"11","author":"Guang-Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib75","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00533-10","article-title":"In vitro and in vivo studies of monoclonal antibodies with prominent bactericidal activity against Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei","volume":"18","author":"Zhang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Vaccine Immunol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib76","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.00244-21","article-title":"Monoclonal antibodies opsonize Burkholderia spp. and reduce intracellular actin tail formation in a macrophage infection assay","volume":"203","author":"Taylor","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib77","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0035386","article-title":"Polysaccharide specific monoclonal antibodies provide passive protection against intranasal challenge with Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"7","author":"AuCoin","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib78","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.22-0160","article-title":"Limited awareness of melioidosis in high-risk populations despite an increasing incidence of the disease in Far North Queensland, Australia","volume":"107","author":"Smith","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib79","article-title":"Melioidosis knowledge awareness in three distinct groups in the tropical Northern Territory of Australia","volume":"9","author":"Weeratunga","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trop Med Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0009060","article-title":"Effectiveness of a multifaceted prevention programme for melioidosis in diabetics (PREMEL): A stepped-wedge cluster-randomised controlled trial","volume":"15","author":"Suntornsut","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0004823","article-title":"Barriers and recommended interventions to prevent melioidosis in northeast Thailand: a focus group study using the behaviour change wheel","volume":"10","author":"Suntornsut","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16224306","article-title":"Addressing profound disadvantages to improve Indigenous health and reduce hospitalisation: a collaborative community program in remote Northern Territory","volume":"16","author":"Quilty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib83","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ekir.2017.09.005","article-title":"Trimethoprim+sulfamethoxazole reduces rates of melioidosis in high-risk hemodialysis patients","volume":"3","author":"Majoni","year":"2018","journal-title":"Kidney Int Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib84","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e2","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1407.071501","article-title":"Management of accidental laboratory exposure to Burkholderia pseudomallei and B. mallei","volume":"14","author":"Peacock","year":"2008","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib85","series-title":"Vaccines for Neglected Pathogens: Strategies, Achievements and Challenges","first-page":"329","article-title":"Vaccine Development Against Melioidosis","author":"Galeas-Pena","year":"2023"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib86","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2025.1582113","article-title":"Melioidosis vaccines: recent advances and future directions","volume":"16","author":"Sengyee","year":"2025","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib87","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jgar.2021.11.015","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates from Thai patients to ceftolozane\/tazobactam and ceftazidime\/avibactam","volume":"28","author":"Sribenjalux","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Glob Antimicrob Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib88","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00103-18","article-title":"In vitro susceptibility of ceftolozane-tazobactam against Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"62","author":"Chan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib89","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.17-0049","article-title":"Activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam against Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"99","author":"Slack","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib90","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.35.3.484","article-title":"Pseudomonas pseudomallei, a common pathogen in Thailand that is resistant to the bactericidal effects of many antibiotics","volume":"35","author":"Sookpranee","year":"1991","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib91","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/121845","article-title":"The in vitro antibiotic susceptibility of Malaysian isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"2013","author":"Ahmad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib92","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1134","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh471","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of 65 isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia mallei to 35 antimicrobial agents","volume":"54","author":"Thibault","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib93","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.36.1.158","article-title":"Multicenter prospective randomized trial comparing ceftazidime plus co-trimoxazole with chloramphenicol plus doxycycline and co-trimoxazole for treatment of severe melioidosis","volume":"36","author":"Sookpranee","year":"1992","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib94","first-page":"265","article-title":"Cefoperazone\/sulbactam + co-trimoxazole vs ceftazidime + co-trimoxazole in the treatment of severe melioidosis: a randomized, double-blind, controlled study","volume":"81","author":"Thamprajamchit","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Med Assoc Thai"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib95","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1086\/320878","article-title":"Randomized, double-blind, controlled study of cefoperazone-sulbactam plus cotrimoxazole versus ceftazidime plus cotrimoxazole for the treatment of severe melioidosis","volume":"33","author":"Chetchotisakd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib96","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2001.64.24","article-title":"Maintenance therapy of melioidosis with ciprofloxacin plus azithromycin compared with cotrimoxazole plus doxycycline","volume":"64","author":"Chetchotisakd","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib97","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0030789","article-title":"Characterization of ceftazidime resistance mechanisms in clinical isolates of Burkholderia pseudomallei from Australia","volume":"7","author":"Sarovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib98","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0036507","article-title":"Evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei in recurrent melioidosis","volume":"7","author":"Hayden","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib99","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2082","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.47.7.2082-2087.2003","article-title":"Burkholderia pseudomallei class a beta-lactamase mutations that confer selective resistance against ceftazidime or clavulanic acid inhibition","volume":"47","author":"Tribuddharat","year":"2003","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S35529","article-title":"Development of ceftazidime resistance in an acute Burkholderia pseudomallei infection","volume":"5","author":"Sarovich","year":"2012","journal-title":"Infect Drug Resist"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1556","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01657-08","article-title":"Variations in ceftazidime and amoxicillin-clavulanate susceptibilities within a clonal infection of Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"47","author":"Sam","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00010-17","article-title":"Antibiotic resistance markers in Burkholderia pseudomallei strain Bp1651 identified by genome sequence analysis","volume":"61","author":"Bugrysheva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib103","article-title":"Antibiotic susceptibility of clinical Burkholderia pseudomallei isolates in northeast Thailand during 2015-2018 and the genomic characterization of beta-lactam-resistant isolates","volume":"95","author":"Fen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/aac.00220-25","article-title":"Genomic insights into ceftazidime resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei: discovery of A172T mutation and palindromic GC-rich repeat sequences facilitating penA duplication and amplification","volume":"69","author":"Tuanyok","year":"2025","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.00388-13","article-title":"Within-host evolution of Burkholderia pseudomallei over a twelve-year chronic carriage infection","volume":"4","author":"Price","year":"2013","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"41","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17165","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1111020108","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance to ceftazidime involving loss of penicillin-binding protein 3 in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"108","author":"Chantratita","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002_bib107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00268-17","article-title":"Loss of methyltransferase function and increased efflux activity leads to doxycycline resistance in Burkholderia pseudomallei","volume":"61","author":"Webb","year":"2017","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Clinics of North America"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891552025001072?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0891552025001072?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,17]],"date-time":"2026-03-17T20:41:15Z","timestamp":1773780075000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0891552025001072"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":107,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S0891552025001072"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["0891-5520"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0891-5520","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Treatment of Melioidosis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infectious Disease Clinics of North America","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idc.2025.12.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}