{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T21:44:21Z","timestamp":1792532661563,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,1]],"date-time":"2025-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1743465600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,20]],"date-time":"2024-11-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1732060800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T20:21:34Z","timestamp":1739910094000},"page":"632-642","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Hydroxyapatite-Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries Activity: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Fabio","family":"Cocco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7799-5451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudia","family":"Salerno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4239-199X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard Johannes","family":"Wierichs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4044-1893","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thomas Gerhard","family":"Wolf","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonella","family":"Arghittu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2704-0585","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria Grazia","family":"Cagetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8573-485X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Guglielmo","family":"Campus","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9555","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60031-2","article-title":"Dental caries","volume":"369","author":"Selwitz","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-72403-x","article-title":"Caries severity and socioeconomic inequalities in a nationwide setting: data from the Italian National pathfinder in 12-years children","volume":"10","author":"Campus","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12923","article-title":"Prevalence of dental neglect and associated risk factors in children and adolescents-A systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Khalid","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000503309","article-title":"Terminology of dental caries and dental caries management: consensus report of a workshop organized by ORCA and cariology research group of IADR","volume":"54","author":"MacHiulskiene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1230","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034516655315","article-title":"Effect of toothbrushing frequency on incidence and increment of dental caries: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"95","author":"Kumar","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0006","article-title":"Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents","volume":"1","author":"Walsh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1913","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-015-1419-2","article-title":"Association of caries increment in preschool children with nutritional and preventive variables","volume":"19","author":"Winter","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1159\/000480522","article-title":"Nyvad criteria for caries lesion activity and severity assessment: a validated approach for clinical management and research","volume":"52","author":"Nyvad","year":"2018","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1159\/000448662","article-title":"Occlusal caries: biological approach for its diagnosis and management","volume":"50","author":"Carvalho","year":"2016","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.2341\/06-63","article-title":"Detection and activity assessment of primary coronal caries lesions: a methodologic study","volume":"32","author":"Ekstrand","year":"2007","journal-title":"Oper Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-019-02839-7","article-title":"Carious lesion activity assessment in clinical practice: a systematic review","volume":"23","author":"Drancourt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"Suppl 1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.12.002","article-title":"A randomised clinical trial to determine the effect of a toothpaste containing enzymes and proteins on gum health over 3 months","volume":"80","author":"Daly","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"71","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"vii","DOI":"10.3310\/hta20710","article-title":"A randomised controlled trial to measure the effects and costs of a dental caries prevention regime for young children attending primary care dental services: the Northern Ireland Caries Prevention In Practice (NIC-PIP) trial","volume":"20","author":"Tickle","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Technol Assess"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"102","DOI":"10.1159\/000504335","article-title":"How to intervene in the caries process: early childhood caries \u2013 a systematic review","volume":"54","author":"Schmoeckel","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2174\/1874210601812010406","article-title":"Overview of calcium phosphates used in biomimetic oral care","volume":"12","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Open Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics8040331","article-title":"Improving oral health with fluoride-free calcium-phosphate-based biomimetic toothpastes: an update of the clinical evidence","volume":"8","author":"Limeback","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12951-019-0454-6","article-title":"Enamel remineralization and repair results of biomimetic hydroxyapatite toothpaste on deciduous teeth: an effective option to fluoride toothpaste","volume":"17","author":"Boss\u00f9","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nanobiotechnology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1159\/000438466","article-title":"Effect of an experimental paste with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles and fluoride on dental demineralisation and remineralisation in situ","volume":"49","author":"Souza","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1159\/000363073","article-title":"Remineralizing efficacy of a CPP-ACP cream on enamel caries lesions in situ","volume":"49","author":"Meyer-Lueckel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-016-1789-0","article-title":"Caries-preventive effect of anti-erosive and nano-hydroxyapatite-containing toothpastes in vitro","volume":"21","author":"Esteves-Oliveira","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"13","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0021","first-page":"1","article-title":"Characterization of a toothpaste containing bioactive hydroxyapatites and in vitro evaluation of its efficacy to remineralize enamel and to occlude dentinal tubules","volume":"13","author":"Esposti","year":"2020","journal-title":"Materials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0022","first-page":"121","article-title":"Efficacy of HAF toothpastes in primary and permanent dentitions. A 2-years triple-blind RCT","author":"Cagetti","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.01.028","article-title":"Effects of hydroxyapatite-containing toothpastes on some caries-related variables: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"74","author":"Campus","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1159\/000262076","article-title":"Relationship between external and histologic features of progressive stages of caries in the occlusal fossa","volume":"29","author":"Ekstrand","year":"1995","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0025","first-page":"95","article-title":"The REDCap Consortium: Building an International Community of Software Platform Partners","author":"Harris","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Biomed Inform"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12874-017-0442-1","article-title":"When and how should multiple imputation be used for handling missing data in randomised clinical trials - a practical guide with flowcharts","volume":"17","author":"Jakobsen","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Med Res Methodol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.4780040211","article-title":"Comparative analysis of two rates","volume":"4","author":"Miettinen","year":"1985","journal-title":"Stat Med"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0028","article-title":"School Dental Screening Programmes for Oral Health","volume":"2022","author":"Arora","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.13055","article-title":"Clinical interventions with various agents to prevent early childhood caries: a systematic review with network meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"He","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int J Paediatr Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.725460","article-title":"Non-communicable diseases and oral health: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Wolf","year":"2021","journal-title":"Frontiers in Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12887-022-03470-4","article-title":"Inequalities in caries among pre-school Italian children with different background","volume":"22","author":"Campus","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0032","unstructured":"Anonymous. Draft global oral health action plan (2023\u20132030). n.d. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/m\/item\/draft-global-oral-health-action-plan-(2023-2030) [Last accessed: 6\/19\/2024]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0033","unstructured":"Anonymous. Expert committee on selection and use of essential medicines. n.d. Available from: https:\/\/www.who.int\/groups\/expert-committee-on-selection-and-use-of-essential-medicines [Last accessed: 6\/19\/2024]."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0034","article-title":"Determinants of ECC in Sardinian preschool children","volume":"24","author":"Campus","year":"2007","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0035","first-page":"41","article-title":"International caries detection and assessment system (ICDAS) and its international caries classification and management system (ICCMS) - methods for staging of the caries process and enabling dentists to manage caries","author":"Pitts","year":"2013","journal-title":"Commun Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206296","article-title":"Scientific evidence for the management of dentin caries lesions in pediatric dentistry: a systematic review and network meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Tedesco","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9305","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(02)07683-3","article-title":"Generation of allocation sequences in randomised trials: chance, not choice","volume":"359","author":"Schulz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2018.03.015","article-title":"Enhancing predicted fluoride varnish efficacy and post-treatment compliance by means of calcium-containing gummy bears","volume":"73","author":"Lippert","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2020.103374","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of adding fluoride varnish to a preventive protocol for early childhood caries in rural children with no access to fluoridated drinking water","volume":"98","author":"Zaror","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpeds.2019.05.026","article-title":"Cost-savings of fluoride varnish application in primary care for medicaid-enrolled children in virginia","volume":"212","author":"Scherrer","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pediat"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jicd.12399","article-title":"Impact of a non-fluoridated microcrystalline hydroxyapatite dentifrice on enamel caries progression in highly caries-susceptible orthodontic patients: A randomized, controlled 6-month trial","volume":"10","author":"Schlagenhauf","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Investig Clin Dent"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037_bib0042","article-title":"Remineralization of early caries by a nano-hydroxyapatite dentifrice","volume":"22","author":"Najibfard","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Clin Dent"}],"container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653924016058?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653924016058?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,3]],"date-time":"2025-06-03T16:56:11Z","timestamp":1748969771000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020653924016058"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"references-count":42,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020653924016058"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-6539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Hydroxyapatite-Fluoride Toothpastes on Caries Activity: A Triple-Blind Randomized Clinical Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2024.09.037","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of FDI World Dental Federation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}