{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T18:15:09Z","timestamp":1790792109909,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,1]],"date-time":"2025-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754006400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,11]],"date-time":"2025-04-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1744329600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A03J0326"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A03J0326"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100020084","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Bureau","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2023A04J1190"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2023A04J1190"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100020084","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004000","name":"Guangzhou Municipal Science and Technology Program key projects","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004000","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009659","name":"Guangzhou Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["02-410-2302190XM"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["02-410-2302190XM"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009659","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T14:45:31Z","timestamp":1747320331000},"page":"100825","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Emerging Roles of Periodontal Pathogen\u2013Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in NAFLD"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"75","author":[{"given":"Congcong","family":"Lv","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kaikai","family":"Shi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zixin","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pingchan","family":"Luo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lijing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhe","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4534-8654","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2021.04.015","article-title":"Mechanisms and disease consequences of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"184","author":"Loomba","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-021-00639-3","article-title":"Immune cell-mediated features of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"22","author":"Huby","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2016.08.028","article-title":"Nonobese fatty liver disease","volume":"15","author":"Kim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00523-4","article-title":"Advancing the global public health agenda for NAFLD: a consensus statement","volume":"19","author":"Lazarus","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0007","first-page":"47","article-title":"Is there an association between periodontitis and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease? A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Community Dent Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12427","article-title":"Periodontitis, chronic liver diseases, and the emerging oral-gut-liver axis","volume":"89","author":"Albuquerque-Souza","year":"2022","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12387","article-title":"Periodontal disease-related nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: an emerging concept of oral-liver axis","volume":"87","author":"Kuraji","year":"2021","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22073728","article-title":"Relationship between NAFLD and periodontal disease from the view of clinical and basic research, and immunological response","volume":"22","author":"Hatasa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.15403\/jgld-841","article-title":"The association between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"29","author":"Wijarnpreecha","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Gastrointestin Liver Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.12811","article-title":"Do different probing depths exhibit striking differences in microbial profiles?","volume":"45","author":"P\u00e9rez-Chaparro","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1111\/omi.12274","article-title":"Periodontal pathogens and clinical parameters in chronic periodontitis","volume":"35","author":"Boyer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mol Oral Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12323","article-title":"Recent epidemiologic trends in periodontitis in the USA","volume":"82","author":"Eke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/prd.12621","article-title":"Relationship between periodontitis and systemic diseases: a bibliometric and visual study","author":"Isola","year":"2025","journal-title":"Periodontol 2000"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0016","first-page":"ZC41","article-title":"Evaluation of C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in patients with chronic and aggressive periodontitis: a clinico-biochemical study","volume":"11","author":"Chandy","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Clin Diagn Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1111\/jcpe.13807","volume":"50","author":"Herrera","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0018","first-page":"e4775","article-title":"The influence of porphyromonas gingivalis bacterium causing periodontal disease on the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis: systematic review of literature","volume":"11","author":"Kriauciunas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9020495","article-title":"The role of periodontitis and periodontal bacteria in the onset and progression of Alzheimer\u2019s disease: a systematic review","volume":"9","author":"Dioguardi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0020","article-title":"The role of porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles in periodontal disease and related systemic diseases","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hlc.2018.05.102","article-title":"Periodontal disease, systemic inflammation and the risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"27","author":"Carrizales-Sep\u00falveda","year":"2018","journal-title":"Heart Lung Circ"},{"issue":"6 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jval.2013.06.004","article-title":"Personalized medicine and the role of health economics and outcomes research: issues, applications, emerging trends, and future research","volume":"16","author":"O'Donnell","year":"2013","journal-title":"Value Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1111\/jre.13279","article-title":"Effect of quadrantwise versus full-mouth subgingival instrumentation on clinical and microbiological parameters in periodontitis patients: A randomized clinical trial","volume":"59","author":"Isola","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Periodontal Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1601-0825.2001.70102.x","article-title":"Nitric oxide and tissue destruction","volume":"7","author":"Kendall","year":"2001","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.micro.091208.073413","article-title":"Biological functions and biogenesis of secreted bacterial outer membrane vesicles","volume":"64","author":"Kulp","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3947\/ic.2022.0145","article-title":"Gram-negative bacteria's outer membrane vesicles","volume":"55","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Infect Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1017","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2017.01017","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles prime and activate macrophage inflammasomes and cytokine secretion in vitro and in vivo","volume":"8","author":"Cecil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3324","DOI":"10.3390\/diagnostics13213324","article-title":"Oral pathogenic bacteria and the oral-gut-liver axis: a new understanding of chronic liver diseases","volume":"13","author":"Lei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2021.101167","article-title":"Imaging biomarkers of NAFLD, NASH, and fibrosis","volume":"50","author":"Ajmera","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","article-title":"MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease","volume":"158","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31420","article-title":"From NAFLD to MAFLD: implications of a premature change in terminology","volume":"73","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1282","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-016-4054-0","article-title":"Role of dietary fructose and hepatic de novo lipogenesis in fatty liver disease","volume":"61","author":"Softic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Digest Dis Sci"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1278","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.02.012","article-title":"Role of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"70","author":"Hammoutene","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31755","article-title":"Microbiota-driven activation of intrahepatic B cells aggravates NASH through innate and adaptive signaling","volume":"74","author":"Barrow","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clim.2017.07.020","article-title":"B cells and their cytokine activities implications in human diseases","volume":"186","author":"Fillatreau","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Immunol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"552","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2020.10.004","article-title":"Association between positivity of serum autoantibodies and liver disease severity in patients with biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"31","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovas"},{"issue":"10308","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1359","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01374-X","article-title":"Liver cirrhosis","volume":"398","author":"Gin\u00e8s","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1038","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.12.012","article-title":"The multiple-hit pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"65","author":"Buzzetti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0038952","article-title":"Insulin concentration modulates hepatic lipid accumulation in mice in part via transcriptional regulation of fatty acid transport proteins","volume":"7","author":"Softic","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"774","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.23719","article-title":"Hepatic lipotoxicity and the pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: the central role of nontriglyceride fatty acid metabolites","volume":"52","author":"Neuschwander-Tetri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3109\/00016350903291913","article-title":"Relationship between periodontitis and hepatic abnormalities in young adults","volume":"68","author":"Furuta","year":"2010","journal-title":"Acta Odontol Scand"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0185902","article-title":"Periodontitis is associated with significant hepatic fibrosis in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Alazawi","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0043","article-title":"Association of alanine aminotransferase and periodontitis: a cross-sectional analysis\u2014NHANES 2009-2012","volume":"2016","author":"Wiener","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Inflamm"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1392","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034517720924","article-title":"Do genetic markers of inflammation modify the relationship between periodontitis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease? Findings from the SHIP study","volume":"96","author":"Akinkugbe","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1352","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05141-5","article-title":"Association between serum antibodies to oral microorganisms and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in adults","volume":"24","author":"Tan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5503","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04518-6","article-title":"Periodontal disease could be a potential risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: an 11-year retrospective follow-up study","volume":"26","author":"Shin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7496","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-018-25857-z","article-title":"Correlation between ultrasound-diagnosed non-alcoholic fatty liver and periodontal condition in a cross-sectional study in Japan","volume":"8","author":"Iwasaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0089-x","article-title":"The oral microbiota: dynamic communities and host interactions","volume":"16","author":"Lamont","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3785","article-title":"Periodontitis: from microbial immune subversion to systemic inflammation","volume":"15","author":"Hajishengallis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034512453589","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis as a potential community activist for disease","volume":"91","author":"Darveau","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0052","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2011.01784.x","article-title":"Periodontal health status and bacteraemia from daily oral activities: systematic review\/meta-analysis","volume":"39","author":"Tom\u00e1s","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Clin Periodontol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0053","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E210","DOI":"10.1111\/hepr.12528","article-title":"Morbidly obese patient with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis-related cirrhosis who died from sepsis caused by dental infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis: a case report","volume":"46","author":"Omura","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatol Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0054","first-page":"361","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles from pathogenic bacteria: biogenesis and functions","volume":"18","author":"Willis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4725","DOI":"10.1128\/JB.181.16.4725-4733.1999","article-title":"Structures of gram-negative cell walls and their derived membrane vesicles","volume":"181","author":"Beveridge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Bacteriol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0056","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1139\/m89-097","article-title":"Biological activities of outer membrane vesicles","volume":"35","author":"Mayrand","year":"1989","journal-title":"Can J Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0057","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms10515","article-title":"A novel mechanism for the biogenesis of outer membrane vesicles in Gram-negative bacteria","volume":"7","author":"Roier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0058","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2017.01053","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) of gram-negative bacteria: a perspective update","volume":"8","author":"Jan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0059","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1128\/MMBR.00031-09","article-title":"Virulence and immunomodulatory roles of bacterial outer membrane vesicles","volume":"74","author":"Ellis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Microbiol Mol Biol Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0060","first-page":"577","article-title":"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and immune regulation","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0061","first-page":"239","article-title":"Bacterial outer membrane vesicles and cardiovascular disease","volume":"10","author":"Neves","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"3\u20134","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0062","article-title":"Proteomic characterization of the outer membrane vesicle-associated proteins of Acinetobacter baumannii","volume":"21","author":"Choi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proteomics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0063","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123448","article-title":"Functional advantages of Porphyromonas gingivalis vesicles","volume":"10","author":"Ho","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0064","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/305476","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles mediate coaggregation and piggybacking of Treponema denticola and Lachnoanaerobaculum saburreum","volume":"2013","author":"Grenier","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Dent"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4187","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.00009-09","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles enter human epithelial cells via an endocytic pathway and are sorted to lysosomal compartments","volume":"77","author":"Furuta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0066","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1462-5822.2009.01404.x","article-title":"Bacterial membrane vesicles deliver peptidoglycan to NOD1 in epithelial cells","volume":"12","author":"Kaparakis","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell Microbiol"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0067","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3752","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.7.3752-3758.2004","article-title":"Identification of Porphyromonas gingivalis genes specifically expressed in human gingival epithelial cells by using differential display reverse transcription-PCR","volume":"72","author":"Park","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0068","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis attenuate insulin sensitivity by delivering gingipains to the liver","volume":"1866","author":"Seyama","year":"2020","journal-title":"BBBA: Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0069","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2022.815638","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles from Fusobacterium nucleatum switch M0-like macrophages toward the M1 Phenotype to destroy periodontal tissues in mice","volume":"13","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1128\/mBio.02706-20","article-title":"Fusobacterium nucleatum secretes outer membrane vesicles and promotes intestinal inflammation","volume":"12","author":"Engevik","year":"2021","journal-title":"mBio"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0071","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-017-2548-9","article-title":"Fusobacterial liver abscess: a case report and review of the literature","volume":"17","author":"Jayasimhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0072","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"825","DOI":"10.1177\/1753425912442431","article-title":"Hepatic uptake and deacylation of the LPS in bloodborne LPS-lipoprotein complexes","volume":"18","author":"Shao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Innate Immun\u2014London"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0073","first-page":"19","article-title":"Organoid culture systems to study host-pathogen interactions","volume":"68","author":"Dutta","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Opin Immunol"},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0074","first-page":"2959","article-title":"Role of macrophages in the pathogenesis of liver diseases","volume":"27","author":"Sato","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0075","first-page":"435","article-title":"Macrophages in obesity and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: crosstalk with metabolism","volume":"71","author":"Lefere","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0076","article-title":"Macrophage polarization and function with emphasis on the evolving roles of coordinated regulation of cellular signaling pathways","volume":"78","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0077","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-020-0332-7","article-title":"Interaction between microbiota and immunity in health and disease","volume":"30","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Res"},{"issue":"6536","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0078","first-page":"eabe0728","article-title":"Multi-omics analyses of radiation survivors identify radioprotective microbes and metabolites","volume":"371","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0079","first-page":"366","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic inflammation in non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"21","author":"Lim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Curr Mol Med"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0080","first-page":"1376","article-title":"Microbial-derived extracellular vesicles in diseases: the way of mechanisms","volume":"52","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Experiment Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0081","first-page":"183","article-title":"Hepatic stellate cells: a central player in liver fibrosis and a target for liver therapy","volume":"73","author":"Mehal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0082","first-page":"520","article-title":"Liver fibrosis: mechanisms of immune-mediated liver injury","volume":"11","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0083","article-title":"Role of hepatic stellate cells in liver fibrosis and their interaction with immune cells in the liver","volume":"12","author":"Wei","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0084","first-page":"812","article-title":"Direct reprogramming of fibroblasts to hepatocyte-like cells by defined factors and microRNAs","volume":"22","author":"Chi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Cell Biol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0085","first-page":"1717","article-title":"Hepatic fibrosis: can we explain the heterogeneity?","volume":"159","author":"Mallat","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0086","first-page":"114","article-title":"Hepatocyte apoptosis in liver diseases: mechanisms and therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Death Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0087","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2019.153130","article-title":"Triterpenic acids-enriched fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus attenuates insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis via PI3K\/Akt\/GSK3\u03b2 pathway","volume":"66","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0088","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-010-9219-x","article-title":"The role of lipopolysaccharide\/toll-like receptor 4 signaling in chronic liver diseases","volume":"4","author":"Soares","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hepatol Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0089","first-page":"207","article-title":"Mechanisms of hepatic stellate cell activation and therapeutic implications","volume":"18","author":"Fujiwara","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0090","first-page":"21983","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles promote atherosclerosis by increasing oxidized low-density lipoprotein and apoptosis in human endothelial cells","volume":"234","author":"Han","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Cell Physiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0091","first-page":"327","article-title":"The role of gut microbiota-derived outer membrane vesicles in liver diseases","volume":"76","author":"Li","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0092","first-page":"120","article-title":"Role of bacterial outer membrane vesicles in the pathogenesis of liver diseases","volume":"4","author":"Yamaguchi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Liver Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0093","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis attenuate insulin sensitivity by delivering gingipains to the liver","volume":"1867","author":"Seyama","year":"2021","journal-title":"BBA: Mol Basis Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0094","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fdmed.2024.1492369","article-title":"Stannous fluoride protects gingival keratinocytes against infection and oxidative stress by Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles","volume":"5","author":"Xie","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Dent Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1002\/smll.201401803","article-title":"In vivo kinetic biodistribution of nano-sized outer membrane vesicles derived from bacteria","volume":"11","author":"Jang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Small"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0096","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2012.08.004","article-title":"Outer membrane vesicles of a human commensal mediate immune regulation and disease protection","volume":"12","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Host & Microbe"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0097","article-title":"Extracellular vesicles in the oral environment: history, current knowledge, and future perspectives","volume":"12","author":"De Toledo Martins","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0098","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"872","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2015-309897","article-title":"Periodontitis induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis drives periodontal microbiota dysbiosis and insulin resistance via an impaired adaptive immune response","volume":"66","author":"Blasco-Baque","year":"2017","journal-title":"Gut"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0099","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"868","DOI":"10.1111\/odi.13044","article-title":"Influence of Porphyromonas gingivalis in gut microbiota of streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice","volume":"25","author":"Ohtsu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oral Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4828","DOI":"10.1038\/srep04828","article-title":"Oral pathobiont induces systemic inflammation and metabolic changes associated with alteration of gut microbiota","volume":"4","author":"Arimatsu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0101","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-14260-9","article-title":"Periodontal pathogenic bacteria, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans affect non-alcoholic fatty liver disease by altering gut microbiota and glucose metabolism","volume":"7","author":"Komazaki","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0102","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0134234","article-title":"Administration of P. gingivalis induces dysbiosis of gut microbiota and impaired barrier function leading to dissemination of enterobacteria to the liver","volume":"10","author":"Nakajima","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0103","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0243686","article-title":"Association between toothbrushing and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"16","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0104","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-230X-12-16","article-title":"Involvement of a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"12","author":"Yoneda","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/s13063-020-4201-y","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of periodontal treatment versus usual care for nonalcoholic liver disease: protocol of the PERION multicenter, two-arm, open-label, randomized trial","volume":"21","author":"Kamata","year":"2020","journal-title":"Trials"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0106","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.14309\/ctg.0000000000000520","article-title":"Periodontal treatment and usual care for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a multicenter, randomized controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Kamata","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Transl Gastroenterol"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0107","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"G824","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00230.2018","article-title":"Periodontal therapy favorably modulates the oral-gut-hepatic axis in cirrhosis","volume":"315","author":"Bajaj","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0108","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2021.105058","article-title":"Inhibitory effects of curcumin against cytotoxicity of Porphyromonas gingivalis outer membrane vesicles","volume":"124","author":"Izui","year":"2021","journal-title":"Arch Oral Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0109","first-page":"1430","article-title":"Recombinant fimbriae protein of Porphyromonas gingivalis induces an inflammatory response via the TLR4\/NF\u2011\u03baB signaling pathway in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells","volume":"43","author":"Cai","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"eaau3333","DOI":"10.1126\/sciadv.aau3333","article-title":"Porphyromonas gingivalis in Alzheimer's disease brains: evidence for disease causation and treatment with small-molecule inhibitors","volume":"5","author":"Dominy","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Adv"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0111","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e460","DOI":"10.1038\/emm.2017.301","article-title":"Interrupting oral infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis with anti-FimA antibody attenuates bacterial dissemination to the arthritic joint and improves experimental arthritis","volume":"50","author":"Jeong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Exp Mol Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0112","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-014-1762-5","article-title":"Co-operation of TLR4 and raft proteins in LPS-induced pro-inflammatory signaling","volume":"72","author":"P\u0142\u00f3ciennikowska","year":"2015","journal-title":"CMLS"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0113","first-page":"1503","article-title":"LPS-neutralizing peptides reduce outer membrane vesicle-induced inflammatory responses","volume":"1864","author":"Pfalzgraff","year":"2019","journal-title":"BBA: Mol Cell Biol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029_bib0114","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.10.033","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a global public health perspective","volume":"70","author":"Younossi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"}],"container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653925001121?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653925001121?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T08:56:53Z","timestamp":1752569813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020653925001121"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"references-count":114,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020653925001121"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-6539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Emerging Roles of Periodontal Pathogen\u2013Derived Outer Membrane Vesicles in NAFLD","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2025.03.029","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of FDI World Dental Federation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100825"}}