{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,8]],"date-time":"2026-10-08T05:32:56Z","timestamp":1791437576696,"version":"4.3.3"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,1]],"date-time":"2026-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1769904000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,3]],"date-time":"2025-10-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759449600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T21:50:53Z","timestamp":1761861053000},"page":"103985","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Effectiveness of Bioactive Glass-Based Toothpaste for Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0443-356X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ting","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haiying","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chang","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"SherryShiqian","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Minquan","family":"Du","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1159\/000503309","article-title":"Terminology of Dental Caries and Dental Caries Management: Consensus Report of a Workshop Organized by ORCA and Cariology Research Group of IADR","volume":"54","author":"Machiulskiene","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.1111\/ipd.12484","article-title":"Early childhood caries epidemiology, aetiology, risk assessment, societal burden, management, education, and policy: Global perspective","volume":"29","author":"Tinanoff","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of paediatric dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0003","series-title":"Global oral health status report: towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030","year":"2022"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0004","first-page":"167","article-title":"Dental Caries Status and its Associated Factors among 3- to 5-year-old Children in China: A National Survey","volume":"21","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"The Chinese journal of dental research : the official journal of the Scientific Section of the Chinese Stomatological Association (CSA)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-017-0432-z","article-title":"Prevalence of severe early childhood caries and associated socioeconomic and behavioral factors in Xinjiang, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"17","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jdent.2021.103885","article-title":"Topical fluoride to prevent early childhood caries: Systematic review with network meta-analysis","volume":"116","author":"Manchanda","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.10.001","article-title":"Clinical Evaluation of Toothbrushes for Elderly Patients: A Crossover Study","volume":"73","author":"Nitipong","year":"2023","journal-title":"International dental journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1038\/s41368-022-00186-0","article-title":"Expert consensus on early childhood caries management","volume":"14","author":"Zou","year":"2022","journal-title":"International journal of oral science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"744","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.07.1214","article-title":"Effectiveness of a School-Based Oral Health Promotion Program on Dental Caries Among Iraqi School Children: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial","volume":"75","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2025","journal-title":"International dental journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s40368-019-00464-2","article-title":"Guidelines on the use of fluoride for caries prevention in children: an updated EAPD policy document","volume":"20","author":"Toumba","year":"2019","journal-title":"European archives of paediatric dentistry : official journal of the European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.adaj.2022.11.009","article-title":"Caring for little teeth","volume":"154","author":"Mark","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the American Dental Association (1939)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0012","article-title":"Fluoride toothpastes of different concentrations for preventing dental caries","volume":"3","author":"Walsh","year":"2019"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1007\/s12403-020-00347-8","article-title":"Groundwater arsenic and fluoride and associated arsenicosis and fluorosis in China: occurrence, distribution and management","volume":"12","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Exposure and Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2019.124811","article-title":"Spatial distribution of fluoride in drinking water and health risk assessment of children in typical fluorosis areas in north China","volume":"239","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0015","year":"2017","journal-title":"Toothpaste. National Standard of the People's Republic of China"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1875-595X.2004.tb00003.x","article-title":"Low-levels of fluoride in plaque and saliva and their effects on the demineralisation and remineralisation of enamel; role of fluoride toothpastes","volume":"54","author":"Lynch","year":"2004","journal-title":"International dental journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1177\/0895937409335590","article-title":"Remineralization, the natural caries repair process\u2013the need for new approaches","volume":"21","author":"Featherstone","year":"2009","journal-title":"Advances in dental research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0018","article-title":"Topical fluoride as a cause of dental fluorosis in children","volume":"2010","author":"Wong","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-021-01803-w","article-title":"Associations between dental caries and systemic diseases: a scoping review","volume":"21","author":"Sabharwal","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1375","DOI":"10.1007\/s00204-020-02725-2","article-title":"Toxicity of fluoride: critical evaluation of evidence for human developmental neurotoxicity in epidemiological studies, animal experiments and in vitro analyses","volume":"94","author":"Guth","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of toxicology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD002284","article-title":"Fluoride toothpastes for preventing dental caries in children and adolescents","volume":"2003","author":"Marinho","year":"2003","journal-title":"The Cochrane database of systematic reviews"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4457","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2012.08.023","article-title":"Review of bioactive glass: from Hench to hybrids","volume":"9","author":"Jones","year":"2013","journal-title":"Acta biomaterialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"967","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-006-0432-z","article-title":"The story of Bioglass","volume":"17","author":"Hench","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of materials science. Materials in medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235960","article-title":"Bioactive Glass Applications in Dentistry","volume":"20","author":"Skallevold","year":"2019","journal-title":"International journal of molecular sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-020-1038-4","article-title":"Remineralising effect of 45S5 bioactive glass on artificial caries in dentine","volume":"20","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.archoralbio.2020.104833","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of a new bioactive glass on cariogenic bacteria","volume":"117","author":"Dai","year":"2020","journal-title":"Archives of oral biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2020.111475","article-title":"Bactericidal activity and biofilm inhibition of F18 bioactive glass against Staphylococcus aureus","volume":"118","author":"Passos","year":"2021","journal-title":"Materials science & engineering. C, Materials for biological applications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"936","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2007.04.003","article-title":"Remineralization of human dentin using ultrafine bioactive glass particles","volume":"3","author":"Vollenweider","year":"2007","journal-title":"Acta biomaterialia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1159\/000510180","article-title":"Effects of Additional Use of Bioactive Glasses or a Hydroxyapatite Toothpaste on Remineralization of Artificial Lesions in vitro","volume":"54","author":"K\u00f6rner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Caries Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"160","DOI":"10.34172\/jlms.2020.27","article-title":"The Effect of the Bioactive Glass and the Er:YAG Laser on the Remineralization of the Affected Dentin: A Comparative In Vitro Study","volume":"11","author":"Moghaddas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Journal of lasers in medical sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.4103\/0972-0707.124085","article-title":"Remineralization potential of bioactive glass and casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate on initial carious lesion: An in-vitro pH-cycling study","volume":"17","author":"Mehta","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of conservative dentistry : JCD"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.4103\/0970-4388.127047","article-title":"Remineralization efficiency of bioactive glass on artificially induced carious lesion an in-vitro study","volume":"32","author":"Narayana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Journal of the Indian Society of Pedodontics and Preventive Dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0033","first-page":"210","article-title":"Clinical evaluation of a dentifrice containing calcium sodium phosphosilicate (novamin) for the treatment of dentin hypersensitivity","volume":"21","author":"Du Min","year":"2008","journal-title":"American journal of dentistry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-051X.2005.00876.x","article-title":"Anti-gingivitis effect of a dentifrice containing bioactive glass (NovaMin) particulate","volume":"33","author":"Tai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Journal of clinical periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1111\/joor.12847","article-title":"A randomised clinical trial on the efficacy of 5% fluorocalcium phosphosilicate-containing novel bioactive glass toothpaste","volume":"46","author":"Patel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Journal of oral rehabilitation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"246","DOI":"10.1002\/JPER.21-0091","article-title":"Bioactive glass and arginine dentifrices immediately relieved dentine hypersensitivity following non-surgical periodontal therapy: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"93","author":"Ongphichetmetha","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of periodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0037","article-title":"Can Desensitizing Toothpastes Also Have an Effect on Gingival Inflammation? A Double-Blind, Three-Treatment Crossover Clinical Trial","volume":"17","author":"Monterubbianesi","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40510-015-0095-8","article-title":"A prospective randomized clinical trial into the capacity of a toothpaste containing NovaMin to prevent white spot lesions and gingivitis during orthodontic treatment","volume":"16","author":"Hoffman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Progress in orthodontics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-021-03993-7","article-title":"Therapeutic effect of a novel bioactive glass-ceramics on early caries lesions: a single-center, randomized controlled clinical trial","volume":"26","author":"Guo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clinical oral investigations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.34172\/joddd.025.41686","article-title":"Effect of bioactive glass toothpaste on the white spots around orthodontic brackets: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Jahanbin","year":"2025","journal-title":"Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"402","DOI":"10.1080\/00016357.2020.1869827","article-title":"Remineralization potential and caries preventive efficacy of CPP-ACP\/Xylitol\/Ozone\/Bioactive glass and topical fluoride combined therapy versus fluoride mono-therapy - a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"79","author":"Sharda","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta odontologica Scandinavica"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/dj11030059","article-title":"Bioactive Materials for Caries Management: A Literature Review","volume":"11","author":"Zhang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Dentistry journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sdentj.2021.04.004","article-title":"Bioactive toothpastes in dentin hypersensitivity treatment: A systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Freitas","year":"2021","journal-title":"The Saudi dental journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines11071992","article-title":"Evaluation of Bioactive Glass Treatment for Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review","volume":"11","author":"Petrovi\u0107","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biomedicines"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02321-z","article-title":"Effect of strontium-doped bioactive glass-ceramic containing toothpaste on prevention of artificial dentine caries formation: an in vitro study","volume":"22","author":"Dai","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c869","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c869","article-title":"CONSORT 2010 explanation and elaboration: updated guidelines for reporting parallel group randomised trials","volume":"340","author":"Moher","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bmj"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0047","series-title":"Oral health surveys: basic methods","year":"2013"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"910","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.04.016","article-title":"Recommendations on Topical Fluoride Usage for Caries Management in East Asia","volume":"74","author":"Zheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"International dental journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0049","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.12.005","article-title":"Caries Prevention Using Silver Diamine Fluoride: A 12-Month Clinical Trial","volume":"73","author":"Zheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"International dental journal"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1111\/cdoe.12362","article-title":"WHO Global Consultation on Public Health Intervention against Early Childhood Caries","volume":"46","author":"Phantumvanit","year":"2018","journal-title":"Community Dent Oral Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985_bib0051","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034518800014","article-title":"Nonrestorative Treatments for Caries: Systematic Review and Network Meta-analysis","volume":"98","author":"Urquhart","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Dent Res"}],"container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002065392503268X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002065392503268X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,12]],"date-time":"2026-01-12T16:28:25Z","timestamp":1768235305000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002065392503268X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"references-count":51,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]}},"alternative-id":["S002065392503268X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-6539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Effectiveness of Bioactive Glass-Based Toothpaste for Early Childhood Caries Prevention: A Randomized Controlled Trial","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2025.103985","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of FDI World Dental Federation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"103985"}}