{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T12:05:26Z","timestamp":1790683526496,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780358400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003803","name":"University of Hong Kong","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003803","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T08:48:57Z","timestamp":1782377337000},"page":"109707","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Cranial Base Characteristics in Growing Patients With Class III Skeletal Pattern: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6752-477X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhuoying","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6309-951X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Junqi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3971-3484","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kuo Feng","family":"Hung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7143-3370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuxiong","family":"Su","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1774-6186","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Zhiyi","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0001","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4173","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-023-05033-y","article-title":"Three-dimensional phenotype characteristics of skeletal Class III malocclusion in adult Chinese: a principal component analysis-based cluster analysis","volume":"27","author":"Alshoaibi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e422","DOI":"10.1097\/SCS.0000000000003627","article-title":"Genetic factors involved in mandibular prognathism","volume":"28","author":"Doraczynska-Kowalik","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Craniofac Surg"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1007\/s00784-022-04837-8","article-title":"Impact of malocclusion treatments on Oral Health-related quality of life: an overview of systematic reviews","volume":"27","author":"Ribeiro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Clin Oral Investig"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1315","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-05077-w","article-title":"The prevalence of malocclusion and oral health-related quality of life among 12- and 15-year-old schoolchildren in Shanghai, China: a cross-sectional study","volume":"24","author":"Pan","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2016.07.017","article-title":"Early orthodontic treatment for Class III malocclusion: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"151","author":"Woon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0006","first-page":"277","article-title":"Craniofacial morphology of adolescent mandibular prognathism","volume":"63","author":"Lu","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2011.01346.x","article-title":"Morphological integration between the cranial base and the face in children and adults","volume":"218","author":"Gkantidis","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0008","article-title":"Radiographic imaging for the diagnosis and treatment of patients with skeletal Class III malocclusion","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.otc.2015.09.001","article-title":"Skull base anatomy","volume":"49","author":"Patel","year":"2016","journal-title":"Otolaryngol Clin North Am"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0010","article-title":"Relationship of the morphology and size of Sella turcica with dental anomalies and skeletal malocclusions","volume":"13","author":"Mortezai","year":"2023","journal-title":"Diagnostics (Basel)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1110","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-024-04867-6","article-title":"Retrospective analysis of the upper airway anatomy and Sella turcica morphology across different skeletal malocclusions: a computerized technique","volume":"24","author":"Marya","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0012","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jormas.2025.102535","article-title":"Volumetric analysis of maxillary sinus, sphenod sinus and pterygopalatin fossa in different skeletal malocclusions","author":"Kucuk Kurtgoz","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Stomatol Oral Maxillofac Surg"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1182","DOI":"10.1177\/0022034520925080","article-title":"TBX1 regulates chondrocyte maturation in the spheno-occipital synchondrosis","volume":"99","author":"Funato","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1944","DOI":"10.1002\/ar.25398","article-title":"Dosage-dependent effects of FGFR2(W290R) mutation on craniofacial shape and cellular dynamics of the basicranial synchondroses","volume":"308","author":"Richbourg","year":"2025","journal-title":"Anat Rec (Hoboken)"},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/MD.0000000000013644","article-title":"Craniofacial anomalies associated with spondyloenchondrodysplasia: two case reports","volume":"97","author":"Hong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Medicine (Baltimore)"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1002\/ca.23847","article-title":"When does the spheno-occipital synchondrosis close?","volume":"35","author":"McDonald","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Anat"},{"issue":"1-3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.forsciint.2010.04.009","article-title":"Analysis of time of closure of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis using computed tomography","volume":"200","author":"Bassed","year":"2010","journal-title":"Forensic Sci Int"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"238","DOI":"10.5152\/CRDS.2023.23257","article-title":"Craniofacial growth differences in individuals with skeletal Class III and Class I during different growth periods","volume":"33","author":"Kucukkaraca","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Res Dent Sci"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1179\/2151090314Y.0000000036","article-title":"Relationship between cranial mechanics and dysmorphic dentofacial characteristics: a cross-sectional study","volume":"34","author":"Fournier-Bourgier","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cranio"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.ejo.a035996","article-title":"Age and skeletal type-related changes of some cephalometric parameters in Finnish girls","volume":"11","author":"Haavikko","year":"1989","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0021","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1601-6343.2007.00403.x","article-title":"Changes in cranial base morphology in different malocclusions","volume":"10","author":"Polat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Orthod Craniofac Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1590\/S2176-94512013000100016","article-title":"Comparative analysis of the anterior and posterior length and deflection angle of the cranial base, in individuals with facial Pattern I, II and III","volume":"18","author":"Thiesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.2319\/032315-186.1","article-title":"Cranial base characteristics in anteroposterior malocclusions: a meta-analysis","volume":"86","author":"Gong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0024","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1590\/2177-6709.22.5.056-066.oar","article-title":"Influence of the cranial base flexion on Class I, II and III malocclusions: a systematic review","volume":"22","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dental Press J Orthod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"n71","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0026","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2016-011458","article-title":"Development of a critical appraisal tool to assess the quality of cross-sectional studies (AXIS)","volume":"6","author":"Downes","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0027","series-title":"Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions version 6.5 (updated August 2024)","author":"Higgins","year":"2024"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0028","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.2319\/111517-787.1","article-title":"The cervical vertebral maturation method: a user\u2019s guide","volume":"88","author":"McNamara","year":"2018","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/cjac009","article-title":"Chronological age range estimation of cervical vertebral maturation using Baccetti method: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"44","author":"Magalh\u00e3es","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"554","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bja.2019.08.015","article-title":"Use of the GRADE approach in systematic reviews and guidelines","volume":"123","author":"Granholm","year":"2019","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.52083\/QNQO7715","article-title":"Sella turcica anomalies and their association with malocclusion: a lateral cephalometric study","volume":"26","author":"Patil","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur J Anat"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajodo.2008.09.022","article-title":"Glenoid fossa position in Class III malocclusion associated with mandibular protrusion","volume":"135","author":"Innocenti","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1093\/ortho\/24.1.55","article-title":"Glenoid fossa position in different facial types: a cephalometric study","volume":"24","author":"Baccetti","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-55916-y","article-title":"Morphometric analysis of Sella turcica in growing patients: an observational study on shape and dimensions in different sagittal craniofacial patterns","volume":"9","author":"Tepedino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"470","DOI":"10.2319\/052218-386.1","article-title":"Time and pattern of the fusion of the spheno-occipital synchondrosis in patients with skeletal Class I and Class III malocclusion","volume":"89","author":"Yang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0036","first-page":"172","article-title":"Association between variations in Sella turcica dimensions and morphology and skeletal malocclusions","volume":"31","author":"Afzal","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9416(55)90005-1","article-title":"Cranial base development: a follow-up x-ray study of the individual variation in growth occurring between the ages of 12 and 20 years and its relation to brain case and face development","volume":"41","author":"Bj\u00f6rk","year":"1955","journal-title":"Am J Orthod"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0038","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1002\/ajpa.1330050402","article-title":"Some particulars of skull and brain of early hominids and their bearing on the problem of the relationship between man and anthropoids","volume":"5","author":"Weidenreich","year":"1947","journal-title":"Am J Phys Anthropol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0039","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-023-02788-4","article-title":"Comprehensive positional and morphological assessments of the temporomandibular joint in adolescents with skeletal Class III malocclusion: a retrospective CBCT study","volume":"23","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0040","first-page":"47","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism in normal craniofacial growth","volume":"63","author":"Ursi","year":"1993","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0041","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.2319\/032717-218.1","article-title":"Posterior cranial base natural growth and development: a systematic review","volume":"87","author":"Currie","year":"2017","journal-title":"Angle Orthod"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0042","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"637","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-7580.2006.00644.x","article-title":"Craniofacial levels and the morphological maturation of the human skull","volume":"209","author":"Bastir","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Anat"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0043","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"503","DOI":"10.1016\/S0889-5406(94)70073-7","article-title":"Cranial base growth for Dutch boys and girls: a multilevel approach","volume":"106","author":"Henneberke","year":"1994","journal-title":"Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0044","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.109374","article-title":"A meta-analysis of Oral Health interventions in children: impacts on knowledge, behaviour, and clinical outcomes","volume":"76","author":"Fathaniard","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2025.104021","article-title":"Effects of different treatment sequences on the efficacy of combined periodontal-endodontic lesions: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Fan","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0046","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clineuro.2022.107168","article-title":"Maturation of the Sella turcica and parasellar region: surgical relevance for anterior skull base approaches in pediatric patients","volume":"215","author":"Rennert","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Neurol Neurosurg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0047","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"597","DOI":"10.1093\/ejo\/26.6.597","article-title":"Post-natal size and morphology of the Sella turcica. Longitudinal cephalometric standards for Norwegians between 6 and 21 years of age","volume":"26","author":"Axelsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Orthod"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707_bib0048","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-018-0499-1","article-title":"The morphology and bridging of the Sella turcica in adult orthodontic patients","volume":"18","author":"Shrestha","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"}],"container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002065392600300X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S002065392600300X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,29]],"date-time":"2026-09-29T11:29:26Z","timestamp":1790681366000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S002065392600300X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":48,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S002065392600300X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-6539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cranial Base Characteristics in Growing Patients With Class III Skeletal Pattern: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109707","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of FDI World Dental Federation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109707"}}