{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,20]],"date-time":"2026-09-20T00:03:47Z","timestamp":1789862627460,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1790812800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1784592000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHWJ2024Ab0105"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHWJ2024Ab0105"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AHWJ2025Ab40118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AHWJ2025Ab40118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hwk2024zd022"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hwk2024zd022"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002947","name":"Anhui Medical University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Hwk2024zd023"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Hwk2024zd023"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002947","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,13]],"date-time":"2026-08-13T09:13:02Z","timestamp":1786612382000},"page":"109820","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Beyond Ageing: Spatial and Social Inequalities in Incident Edentulism Among Older Chinese Adults"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"76","author":[{"given":"Lei","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sheng","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Han","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qiong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixia","family":"Guan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fuhua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0001","series-title":"Global oral health status report: towards universal health coverage for oral health by 2030","year":"2022"},{"issue":"10482","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0002","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"897","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(24)02811-3","article-title":"Trends in the global, regional, and national burden of oral conditions from 1990 to 2021: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021","volume":"405","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10194","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0003","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31146-8","article-title":"Oral diseases: a global public health challenge","volume":"394","author":"Peres","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10194","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0004","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31133-X","article-title":"Ending the neglect of global oral health: time for radical action","volume":"394","author":"Watt","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/S0020-6539(20)34095-8","article-title":"Edentulism as part of the general health problems of elderly adults","volume":"60","author":"Polzer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0006","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph9010100","article-title":"Implications of edentulism on quality of life among elderly","volume":"9","author":"Rodrigues","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0007","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2017.03.014","article-title":"Relationship of nutritional status and oral health in elderly: systematic review with meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Toniazzo","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Nutr"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0008","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/S2666-7568(21)00143-4","article-title":"Oral frailty and its determinants in older age: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Dibello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Healthy Longev"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0009","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1007\/s40520-025-03053-0","article-title":"The association between the number of teeth and frailty among older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"37","author":"Zhang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Aging Clin Exp Res"},{"issue":"7 Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0010","article-title":"Global burden of severe tooth loss: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"93","author":"Kassebaum","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Dent Res"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0011","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.2011.300215","article-title":"Social gradients in oral health in older adults: findings from the English Longitudinal Survey of Ageing","volume":"101","author":"Tsakos","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0012","article-title":"Socioeconomic position and oral health in Chinese older adults: a life course approach","author":"Hong","year":"2025","journal-title":"JDR Clin Transl Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0013","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1111\/ger.70015","article-title":"Edentulism and its rehabilitation among older people in China","volume":"43","author":"Zhou","year":"2026","journal-title":"Gerodontology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0014","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/froh.2021.673296","article-title":"Urban-rural disparities in dental services utilization among adults in China\u2019s megacities","volume":"2","author":"Qi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Oral Health"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6851","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph17186851","article-title":"Disparities in dental service utilization among adults in Chinese megacities: do health insurance and city of residence matter?","volume":"17","author":"Qu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0016","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2024.03.009","article-title":"Sociodemographic factors impacting the spatial distribution of private dental clinics in major cities of People\u2019s Republic of China","volume":"74","author":"Liu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0017","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2022.11.002","article-title":"GIS-based study of dental accessibility and caries in 3-year-old Japanese children","volume":"73","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0018","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252873","article-title":"Predictors of tooth loss: a machine learning approach","volume":"16","author":"Elani","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0019","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109407","article-title":"Classifying delayed dental care using machine learning: a National Health Interview Survey analysis","volume":"76","author":"Vu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1682","DOI":"10.3390\/jpm12101682","article-title":"Machine learning in predicting tooth loss: a systematic review and risk of bias assessment","volume":"12","author":"Hasuike","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Pers Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0021","first-page":"4765","article-title":"A unified approach to interpreting model predictions","volume":"30","author":"Lundberg","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0022","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys203","article-title":"Cohort profile: the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)","volume":"43","author":"Zhao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"1-2","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0023","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/37.1-2.17","article-title":"Notes on continuous stochastic phenomena","volume":"37","author":"Moran","year":"1950","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0024","first-page":"2825","article-title":"Scikit-learn: machine learning in Python","volume":"12","author":"Pedregosa","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Mach Learn Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0025","series-title":"Proceedings of the 22nd ACM SIGKDD international conference on knowledge discovery and data mining","first-page":"785","article-title":"XGBoost: a scalable tree boosting system","author":"Chen","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0026","first-page":"3146","article-title":"LightGBM: a highly efficient gradient boosting decision tree","volume":"30","author":"Ke","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Neural Inf Process Syst"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0027","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2023-078378","article-title":"TRIPOD+AI statement: updated guidance for reporting clinical prediction models that use regression or machine learning methods","volume":"385","author":"Collins","year":"2024","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0028","series-title":"Handbook on health inequality monitoring: with a special focus on low- and middle-income countries","year":"2013"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0029","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0277-9536(96)00073-1","article-title":"Measuring the magnitude of socio-economic inequalities in health: an overview of available measures illustrated with two examples from Europe","volume":"44","author":"Mackenbach","year":"1997","journal-title":"Soc Sci Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1093\/biomet\/73.1.13","article-title":"Longitudinal data analysis using generalized linear models","volume":"73","author":"Liang","year":"1986","journal-title":"Biometrika"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0031","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-022-02246-7","article-title":"Income-related inequality and decomposition of edentulism among aged people in China","volume":"22","author":"Du","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0032","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1111\/idj.12600","article-title":"Socio-economic disparities in dental health and dental care utilisation among older Chinese","volume":"71","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int Dent J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0033","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2026.148510","article-title":"Triple-goal governance of urban agglomerations under SDG 11: a causal inference and deep reinforcement learning framework","volume":"564","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"J Clean Prod"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0034","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eiar.2026.108563","article-title":"How compound climate shocks reshape urban resilience and scenario-adaptive pathways: new insights from the Yangtze River Economic Belt","volume":"121","author":"Fu","year":"2026","journal-title":"Environ Impact Assess Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1367138","article-title":"Projecting trends in the disease burden of adult edentulism in China between 2020 and 2030: a systematic study based on the Global Burden of Disease","volume":"12","author":"Qin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0036","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.1186\/s12903-025-05684-1","article-title":"Prevalence and associated factors of denture use among older adults living in rural and urban areas of China: a national cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Lin","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMC Oral Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820_bib0037","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/48778","article-title":"Decomposition analysis of the prevalence of denture use between rural and urban older individuals with edentulism in China: cross-sectional study","volume":"13","author":"Yuan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Interact J Med Res"}],"container-title":["International Dental Journal"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653926004132?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0020653926004132?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T23:37:36Z","timestamp":1789861056000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0020653926004132"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S0020653926004132"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820","relation":{},"ISSN":["0020-6539"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0020-6539","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beyond Ageing: Spatial and Social Inequalities in Incident Edentulism Among Older Chinese Adults","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Dental Journal","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.identj.2026.109820","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. on behalf of FDI World Dental Federation.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"109820"}}