{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,17]],"date-time":"2026-08-17T18:13:17Z","timestamp":1786990397098,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,8]],"date-time":"2025-09-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1757289600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.jp","idhjournal.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection, Disease & Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,23]],"date-time":"2025-09-23T08:09:58Z","timestamp":1758614998000},"page":"100387","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation of performance qualification of ultrasound probe high-level disinfection devices in clinical settings"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"given":"David","family":"Bellamy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0998-1370","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Vickery","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiph.2013.09.008","article-title":"Evaluation of an automated high-level disinfection technology for ultrasound transducers","volume":"7","author":"Vickery","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Infect Public Heal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1002\/ajum.12042","article-title":"Guidelines for reprocessing ultrasound transducers","volume":"20","author":"Basseal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Australas J Ultrasound Medicine"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"913","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2018.03.025","article-title":"Ultrasound probe use and reprocessing: results from a national survey among U.S. infection preventionists","volume":"46","author":"Carrico","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib4","series-title":"Germitec website","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib5","series-title":"Lumicare website","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib6","series-title":"Nanosonics website","year":"2024"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib7","series-title":"TGA Instructions for disinfectant testing","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib8","unstructured":"AS 5369:2023 Reprocessing of reusable medical devices and other devices in health and non-health related facilities. Standards Australia."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib9","unstructured":"ISO 15883-1:2024. Washer-disinfectors \u2014 Part 1: General requirements, terms and definitions and tests. International Organization for Standardization."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib10","article-title":"Sterilization of objects, products, and packaging surfaces and their characterization in different fields of industry: the status in 2020","volume":"218","author":"Jildeh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phys Status Solidi"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2024.112249","article-title":"Fogging vs immersion techniques for sustainable pathogen inactivation on stainless steel surfaces using commercial sanitizers","volume":"384","author":"Fernandes Lemos Junior","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Food Eng"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.3390\/hygiene4020015","article-title":"Visualization of effectiveness: the use of a set of colored cleaning wipes for visible disinfection of ultrasound probes","volume":"4","author":"K\u00fchnel","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hygiene"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib13","unstructured":"World federation for hospital sterilisation sciences guidelines: www.guidelines.wfhss.com Accessed Aug 2025."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0298449","article-title":"The use of ultraviolet light generated from light-emitting diodes for the disinfection of transvaginal ultrasound probes","volume":"19","author":"Yasir","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhin.2022.12.009","article-title":"Shedding a light on ultraviolet-C technologies in the hospital environment","volume":"132","author":"Demeersseman","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib16","article-title":"Comparative multivariate analysis for high-touch surface disinfection using optimized ultraviolet-C LEDs configuration","volume":"11","author":"Sheikh","year":"2024","journal-title":"Hyg Environ Heal Adv"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib17","article-title":"Comparison of reflective properties of materials exposed to ultraviolet-C radiation","volume":"126","author":"Stojalowski","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.6028\/jres.126.025","article-title":"Estimation of the ultraviolet-C doses from mercury lamps and light-emitting diodes required to disinfect surfaces","volume":"126","author":"Fredes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Res Natl Inst Stand Technol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1111\/lam.13770","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of ultraviolet C exposure conditions on coliphage MS2 inactivation on surfaces","volume":"75","author":"Ratliff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lett Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312931","article-title":"UV-C disinfection of ultrasound probes: challenges of uneven irradiance on complex surfaces","volume":"19","author":"Yeoh","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajic.2023.06.007","article-title":"A multicenter study on the effects of different methods of disinfecting medical external-use ultrasound probes","volume":"52","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Infect Control"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3512","DOI":"10.1002\/lary.30869","article-title":"The effectiveness of ultraviolet smart D60 in reducing contamination of flexible fiberoptic laryngoscopes","volume":"133","author":"Ezeh","year":"2023","journal-title":"Laryngoscope"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2363","DOI":"10.1007\/s00405-020-05978-w","article-title":"UV light-based decontamination: an effective and fast way for disinfection of endoscopes in otorhinolaryngology?","volume":"277","author":"Rudhart","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib24","first-page":"681","article-title":"Disinfection of transvaginal ultrasound probes by ultraviolet C \u2013 a clinical evaluation of automated and manual reprocessing methods","volume":"41","author":"Schmitz","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ultraschall Med - Eur J Ultrasound"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib25","first-page":"52","article-title":"Airborne infectious microorganisms","author":"Gonzalez-Martin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Encycl Microbiol"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"991","DOI":"10.1007\/s00203-012-0832-z","article-title":"Study of the influence of sporulation conditions on heat resistance of Geobacillus stearothermophilus used in the development of biological indicators for steam sterilization","volume":"194","author":"Guizelini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/jambio\/lxac028","article-title":"Geobacillus stearothermophilus and Bacillus atrophaeus spores exhibit linear inactivation kinetic performance when treated with an industrial scale vaporized hydrogen peroxide (VH2O2) sterilization process","volume":"134","author":"McEvoy","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.3390\/mps4030063","article-title":"Submerged bioreactor production of Geobacillus stearothermophilus ATCC 7953 spores for use as bioindicators to validate hydrogen peroxide inactivation processes","volume":"4","author":"Stier","year":"2021","journal-title":"Methods Protoc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fm.2024.104518","article-title":"Comparing resistance of bacterial spores and fungal conidia to pulsed light and UVC radiation at a wavelength of 254 nm","volume":"121","author":"Dorbani","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109383","article-title":"Sterilization of food packaging by UV-C irradiation: Is Aspergillus brasiliensis ATCC 16404 the best target microorganism for industrial bio-validations?","author":"Racchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol"}],"container-title":["Infection, Disease & Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468045125000549?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468045125000549?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T19:53:46Z","timestamp":1772913226000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468045125000549"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"references-count":30,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468045125000549"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0451","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Validation of performance qualification of ultrasound probe high-level disinfection devices in clinical settings","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection, Disease & Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idh.2025.08.004","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100387"}}