{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:59:40Z","timestamp":1781528380810,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,19]],"date-time":"2026-05-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1779148800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100018822","name":"Western Sydney University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100018822","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.jp","idhjournal.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infection, Disease & Health"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T16:15:02Z","timestamp":1781280902000},"page":"100431","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Perspectives of hepatitis B treatment and vaccinations within the community in Nepal: Insights from healthcare workers"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"31","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5653-7419","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sam","family":"Hogan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nisha","family":"Shrestha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sameer","family":"Dixit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Page","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kate","family":"McBride","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib1","series-title":"Hepatitis B WHO website","year":"2019"},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2014.06.027","article-title":"Prevalence of chronic hepatitis B virus infection before and after implementation of a hepatitis B vaccination program among children in Nepal","volume":"32","author":"Upreti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib3","series-title":"Population MoHa","article-title":"National strategy for viral hepatitis B and C 2023-2030","year":"2023"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"933","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2015.12.061","article-title":"Infant vaccination timing: beyond traditional coverage metrics for maximizing impact of vaccine programs, an example from southern Nepal","volume":"34","author":"Hughes","year":"2016","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib5","series-title":"Prevention of mother-to-child transmission of Hepatitis B Virus: guidelines on antiviral prophylaxis in Pregnancy","year":"2020"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.3126\/nje.v7i3.19007","article-title":"Hepatitis B vaccination in Nepalese infants: the present scenario","volume":"7","author":"Adhikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nepal J Epidemiol"},{"issue":"S5","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22881","article-title":"Hepatitis B: the virus and disease","volume":"49","author":"Liang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3402\/gha.v8.27106","article-title":"Inequalities in health: definitions, concepts, and theories","volume":"8","author":"Arcaya","year":"2015","journal-title":"Glob Health Action"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e204","DOI":"10.7861\/fhj.2021-0018","article-title":"Transforming health systems to reduce health inequalities","volume":"8","author":"Ford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Future Healthc J"},{"issue":"9975","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(14)61494-X","article-title":"Social determinants of health, universal health coverage, and sustainable development: case studies from Latin American countries","volume":"385","author":"de Andrade","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1297","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2017.3133","article-title":"Progress toward universal health coverage: a comparative analysis in 5 South Asian countries","volume":"177","author":"Rahman","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib12","series-title":"Global evidence on inequities in rural health protection: new data on rural deficits in health coverage for 174 countries","year":"2015"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgh-2021-006786","article-title":"Equity of geographical access to public health facilities in Nepal","volume":"6","author":"Cao","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ Glob Health"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217070","article-title":"Perceived barriers to accessing Female Community Health Volunteers' (FCHV) services among ethnic minority women in Nepal: a qualitative study","volume":"14","author":"Panday","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-020-09279-z","article-title":"Health system's readiness to provide cardiovascular, diabetes and chronic respiratory disease related services in Nepal: analysis using 2015 health facility survey","volume":"20","author":"Ghimire","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3126\/hprospect.v18i1.22856","article-title":"Federal governance and the undying parade for universal health coverage in Nepal","volume":"18","author":"Khanal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Health Prospect"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12992-022-00798-5","article-title":"Transforming Nepal's primary health care delivery system in global health era: addressing historical and current implementation challenges","volume":"18","author":"Adhikari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Glob Health"},{"issue":"221","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib18","first-page":"65","article-title":"Health System development in Nepal","volume":"58","author":"Marasini","year":"2020","journal-title":"JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czv137","article-title":"Inequality and inequity in healthcare utilization in urban Nepal: a cross-sectional observational study","volume":"31","author":"Saito","year":"2016","journal-title":"Health Pol Plann"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib20","series-title":"Quirkos. Quirkos","year":"2022"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1191\/1478088706qp063oa","article-title":"Using thematic analysis in psychology","volume":"3","author":"Braun","year":"2006","journal-title":"Qual Res Psychol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1177\/1098214005283748","article-title":"A general inductive approach for analyzing qualitative evaluation data","volume":"27","author":"Thomas","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Eval"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1893","DOI":"10.1007\/s11135-017-0574-8","article-title":"Saturation in qualitative research: exploring its conceptualization and operationalization","volume":"52","author":"Saunders","year":"2018","journal-title":"Qual Quantity"},{"issue":"10061","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2739","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)32423-0","article-title":"Urgent need for reform in Nepal's medical education","volume":"388","author":"Adhikari","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4705","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.8.4705","article-title":"Community health worker hepatitis B education for Cambodian American men and women","volume":"14","author":"Taylor","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1002\/hpm.2290","article-title":"Governance challenges in the Nepalese primary health care system: time to focus on greater community engagement?","volume":"31","author":"Gurung","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Health Plann Manag"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1017\/dmp.2016.195","article-title":"Earthquakes, fuel crisis, power outages, and health care in Nepal: implications for the future","volume":"11","author":"Adhikari","year":"2017","journal-title":"Disaster Med Public Health Prep"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"828","DOI":"10.1177\/10105395211014648","article-title":"Caste exclusion and health discrimination in south Asia: a systematic review","volume":"33","author":"Thapa","year":"2021","journal-title":"Asia Pac J Publ Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0188554","article-title":"Do experiences and perceptions about quality of care differ among social groups in Nepal? : a study of maternal healthcare experiences of women with and without disabilities, and Dalit and non-Dalit women","volume":"12","author":"Devkota","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib30","series-title":"Knowledge, Stigma and Prevalence of HBV among two populations from Nepal: a cross-sectional study","author":"Hogan","year":"2023"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-24551-1","article-title":"Assessment of hepatitis B knowledge, attitudes, and practices among healthcare workers in Herat, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study","volume":"15","author":"Ejaz","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19158986","article-title":"Fear, stigma and othering: the impact of COVID-19 rumours on returnee migrants and Muslim populations of Nepal","volume":"19","author":"Regmi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Publ Health"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1177\/1049732318812427","article-title":"\"Who Will Marry a Diseased Girl?\" marriage, gender, and tuberculosis stigma in Asia","volume":"29","author":"Hatherall","year":"2019","journal-title":"Qual Health Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyt.2020.565919","article-title":"A narrative review of stigma related to infectious disease outbreaks: what can be learned in the face of the Covid-19 pandemic?","volume":"11","author":"Saeed","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Psychiatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.12688\/wellcomeopenres.14273.1","article-title":"A spot? Confronting the stigma of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection - a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Mokaya","year":"2018","journal-title":"Wellcome Open Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.4314\/gmj.v50i3.7","article-title":"Low level of hepatitis B knowledge and awareness among pregnant women in the Kintampo North municipality: implications for effective disease control","volume":"50","author":"Abdulai","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ghana Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-026-45702-y","article-title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices of male barbers on hepatitis B and C transmission in Herat city, Afghanistan: a cross-sectional study","author":"Masudi","year":"2026","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib38","article-title":"Promoting hepatitis B awareness: evaluating an educational approach through health care workers in Tanzania","volume":"87","author":"Quadri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Glob Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431_bib39","series-title":"Hepatitis: preventing mother-to-child transmission of the hepatitis B virus","year":"2020"}],"container-title":["Infection, Disease & Health"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468045126000258?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468045126000258?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T12:51:15Z","timestamp":1781527875000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468045126000258"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":39,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468045126000258"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0451"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0451","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Perspectives of hepatitis B treatment and vaccinations within the community in Nepal: Insights from healthcare workers","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infection, Disease & Health","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idh.2026.100431","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of Australasian College for Infection Prevention and Control.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100431"}}