{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,19]],"date-time":"2026-02-19T02:06:32Z","timestamp":1771466792978,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,1,1]],"date-time":"2020-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1577836800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,28]],"date-time":"2020-09-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1601251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":271,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Modelling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,9,30]],"date-time":"2020-09-30T03:16:35Z","timestamp":1601435795000},"page":"755-765","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The impact of implementing HIV prevention policies therapy and control strategy among HIV and AIDS incidence cases in Malaysia"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"5","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9991-1709","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ofosuhene O.","family":"Apenteng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prince P.","family":"Osei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bismark","family":"Oduro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mavis Pearl","family":"Kwabla","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Noor Azina","family":"Ismail","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib1","series-title":"Risk factors for sexually transmitted diseases and casual sex among Chinese patients attending sexually transmitted disease clinics in Hong Kong","author":"Abdullah","year":"2002"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0131950","article-title":"A\u00a0Markov chain Monte Carlo approach to estimate AIDS after HIV infection","volume":"10","author":"Apenteng","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"440","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.1997.10473661","article-title":"Dynamic conditional independence models and Markov chain Monte Carlo methods","volume":"92","author":"Berzuini","year":"1997","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1007\/s10441-009-9080-2","article-title":"Mathematical analysis of a two strain HIV\/AIDS model with antiretroviral treatment","volume":"57","author":"Bhunu","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Biotheoretica"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"212","DOI":"10.1057\/jphp.2014.54","article-title":"State laws, syringe exchange, and HIV among persons who inject drugs in the United States: History and effectiveness","volume":"36","author":"Bramson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Original Article Journal of Public Health Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"621","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amc.2014.02.078","article-title":"Analysis of an extended HIV\/AIDS epidemic model with treatment","volume":"236","author":"Cai","year":"2014","journal-title":"Applied Mathematics and Computation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib7","series-title":"A\u00a0study of population MCMC for estimating factors over nonlinear ODE models","author":"Calderhead","year":"2008"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1198\/106186005X76983","article-title":"Markov chain Monte Carlo using an approximation radiocarbon dating-temporal and spatio-temporal models and inference view project numerical analysis of MCMC view project Markov chain Monte Carlo using an approximation","volume":"14","author":"Christen","year":"2005","journal-title":"Article in Journal of Computational and Graphical Statistics"},{"issue":"45","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16202","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1323007111","article-title":"Why the proportion of transmission during early-stage HIV infection does not predict the long-term impact of treatment on HIV incidence","volume":"111","author":"Eaton","year":"2014","journal-title":"National Acad Sciences"},{"issue":"11\u201312","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.3109\/00365540903214272","article-title":"HCV\/HIV Co-infection at a large HIV outpatient clinic in Sweden: Feasibility and results of hepatitis C treatment","volume":"41","author":"Falconer","year":"2009","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib11","series-title":"Bayesian data analysis","author":"Gelman","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1093\/imammb\/18.3.225","article-title":"A\u00a0mathematical treatment of AIDS and condom use","volume":"18","author":"Greenhalgh","year":"2001","journal-title":"Mathematical Medicine and Biology: A Journal of the IMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"339","DOI":"10.1007\/s11222-006-9438-0","article-title":"Dram: Efficient adaptive MCMC","volume":"16","author":"Haario","year":"2006","journal-title":"Statistics and Computing"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"599","DOI":"10.1137\/S0036144500371907","article-title":"Mathematics of infectious diseases","volume":"42","author":"Hethcote","year":"2000","journal-title":"SIAM Review"},{"issue":"3 SUPPL","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"100","DOI":"10.1521\/aeap.16.3.5.100.35532","article-title":"The HIV\/AIDS epidemic country paper: Malaysia","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2004","journal-title":"AIDS Education and Prevention"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1480","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apm.2012.04.013","article-title":"Global stability for an HIV\/AIDS epidemic model with different latent stages and treatment","volume":"37","author":"Huo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Applied Mathematical Modelling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib17","series-title":"Notes on R 0 1 the basic reproduction number in a nutshell","author":"Jones","year":"2013"},{"issue":"772","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib18","first-page":"700","article-title":"A\u00a0contribution to the mathematical theory of epidemics","volume":"115","author":"Kermack","year":"1927","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical & Engineering Sciences"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib19","first-page":"57","article-title":"Contributions to the mathematical theory of epidemics-II. The problem of endemicity","volume":"53","author":"Kermack","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib20","first-page":"89","article-title":"Contributions to the mathematical theory of epidemics-III. Further studies of the problem of endemicity","volume":"53","author":"Kermack","year":"1991","journal-title":"Bulletin of Mathematical Biology"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib21","first-page":"2049","article-title":"Management of newborns exposed to maternal HIV infection","volume":"65","author":"Krist","year":"2002","journal-title":"American Family Physician"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib22","series-title":"Adaptive MCMC methods with applications in environmental and geophysical model","author":"Laine","year":"2008"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1517\/14712598.2015.1035644","article-title":"Personalized gene therapy locks out HIV, paving the way to control virus without antiretroviral drugs","volume":"15","author":"Levine","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2511","DOI":"10.1007\/s00268-010-0585-2","article-title":"Key aspects of health policy development to improve surgical services in Uganda","volume":"34","author":"Luboga","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Journal of Surgery"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib25","series-title":"Global AIDS response country progress report","author":"MOH","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib26","series-title":"The global AIDS response progress report, 2014","author":"MOH","year":"2015"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1111\/sjos.12111","article-title":"Forward simulation Markov chain Monte Carlo with applications to stochastic epidemic models","volume":"42","author":"Neal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scandinavian Journal of Statistics"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.12260","article-title":"Comparison of two different strategies of treatment with zoledronate in HIV-infected patients with low bone mineral density: Single dose versus two doses in 2 years","volume":"16","author":"Negredo","year":"2015","journal-title":"HIV Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtbi.2011.04.021","article-title":"Modelling HIV\/AIDS in the presence of an HIV testing and screening campaign","volume":"280","author":"Nyabadza","year":"2011","journal-title":"Journal of Theoretical Biology"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"245","DOI":"10.1093\/heapol\/czr021","article-title":"Examining the policy climate for HIV prevention in the caribbean tourism sector: A qualitative study of policy makers in the Dominican republic","volume":"27","author":"Padilla","year":"2012","journal-title":"Health Policy and Planning"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2199","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1211","article-title":"A\u00a0bayesian approach to parameter estimation in HIV dynamical models","volume":"21","author":"Putter","year":"2002","journal-title":"Statistics in Medicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drugpo.2006.12.015","article-title":"Malaysia and harm reduction: The challenges and responses","volume":"18","author":"Reid","year":"2007","journal-title":"International Journal of Drug Policy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib33","series-title":"Journal of Food and drug analysis","first-page":"S46","article-title":"Substance abuse and the HIV situation in Malaysia","volume":"Vol. 21","author":"Singh","year":"2013"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.18637\/jss.v033.i03","article-title":"Inverse modelling, sensitivity and Monte Carlo analysis in R using package FME","volume":"33","author":"Soetaert","year":"2010","journal-title":"Journal of statistical software"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793524513500083","article-title":"Studying the identifiability of epidemiological models using MCMC","volume":"6","author":"Solonen","year":"2013","journal-title":"International Journal of Biomathematics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0126647","article-title":"Modeling of in-utero and intra-partum transmissions to evaluate the efficacy of interventions for the prevention of perinatal HIV","volume":"10","author":"Sripan","year":"2015","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/413260","article-title":"Modelling HIV\/AIDS epidemic among men who have sex with men in China","volume":"2013","author":"Sun","year":"2013","journal-title":"BioMed Research International"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib38","first-page":"183","article-title":"Modelling AIDS epidemic and treatment with difference equations","author":"Tamizhmani","year":"2004","journal-title":"Springer 2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib39","series-title":"Reproduction numbers and sub-threshold endemic equilibria for compartmental models of disease transmission","author":"Van Den Driessche","year":"2002"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib40","series-title":"WHO | care of the HIV-exposed or infected newborn","author":"WHO","year":"2014"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1097\/COH.0b013e328343ad93","article-title":"Characteristics of HIV epidemics driven by men who have sex with men and people who inject drugs","volume":"6","author":"Wilson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Current Opinion in HIV and AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1080\/01621459.2013.794730","article-title":"Parameter estimation of partial differential equation models","volume":"108","author":"Xun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of the American Statistical Association"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Modelling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468042720300543?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468042720300543?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,11]],"date-time":"2025-11-11T04:05:44Z","timestamp":1762833944000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468042720300543"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["S2468042720300543"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The impact of implementing HIV prevention policies therapy and control strategy among HIV and AIDS incidence cases in Malaysia","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infectious Disease Modelling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2020.09.009","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 The Authors. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co., Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}