{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T16:04:59Z","timestamp":1784736299744,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,12,1]],"date-time":"2026-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1796083200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,6]],"date-time":"2026-06-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1780704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000001","name":"National Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000001","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Modelling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,15]],"date-time":"2026-06-15T06:50:05Z","timestamp":1781506205000},"page":"1624-1644","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Modeling and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry using network disease dynamics"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Hamed","family":"Karami","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sifur Safuka","family":"Chowdhury","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3135-304X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alexandra","family":"Smirnova","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2025.1625665","article-title":"Emerging threats of H5N1 clade 2.3.4.4b: Cross-species transmission, pathogenesis, and pandemic risk","volume":"15","author":"Azeem","year":"2025","journal-title":"Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2015.06.006","article-title":"Controlling highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks: An epidemiological and economic model analysis","volume":"121","author":"Backer","year":"2015","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib3","series-title":"The highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in poultry, 2022-Present","author":"Biondo","year":"2025"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib5","article-title":"The arrival of highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in North America, ensuring epizootics in poultry and difficulties in scientific naming","volume":"17","author":"Br\u00fcssow","year":"2024","journal-title":"Microbial Biotechnology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1007\/s12064-013-0183-6","article-title":"A mathematical model of avian influenza with half-saturated incidence","volume":"133","author":"Chong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Theory in Biosciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s44185-025-00114-5","article-title":"The role of wild birds in the global highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 panzootic, 2020\u20132023","volume":"5","author":"Couty","year":"2026","journal-title":"Npj Biodiversity"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sciaf.2024.e02138","article-title":"Optimal control of an epidemic model with treatment in the presence of media coverage","volume":"24","author":"Diagne","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific African"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1637\/8706-031609-ResNote.1","article-title":"Stochastic model of the potential spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza from an infected commercial broiler operation in Georgia","volume":"54","author":"Dorea","year":"2010","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2010.01.002","article-title":"Modelling the spatial spread of H7N1 avian influenza virus among poultry farms in Italy","volume":"2","author":"Dorigatti","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib12","article-title":"The impact of surveillance and control on highly pathogenic avian influenza outbreaks in poultry in Dhaka division, Bangladesh","volume":"14","author":"Hill","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2017.02.007","article-title":"Modelling H5N1 in Bangladesh across spatial scales: Model complexity and zoonotic transmission risk","volume":"20","author":"Hill","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aap.2009.07.004","article-title":"Transmission and control of an emerging influenza pandemic in a small-world airline network","volume":"42","author":"Hsu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Accident Analysis and Prevention"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.onehlt.2025.101203","article-title":"A systematic review of mathematical and machine learning models of Avian influenza","volume":"21","author":"Huang","year":"2025","journal-title":"One Health"},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3728","DOI":"10.3390\/ani13233728","article-title":"Identification of pre-emptive biosecurity zone areas for highly pathogenic avian influenza based on machine learning-driven risk analysis","volume":"13","author":"Jeon","year":"2023","journal-title":"Animals"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3082","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-38415-7","article-title":"Rapid evolution of A(H5N1) influenza viruses after intercontinental spread to North America","volume":"14","author":"Kandeil","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib18","first-page":"e02209","article-title":"Highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1: History, current situation, and outlook","volume":"98","author":"Krammer","year":"2024","journal-title":"Journal of Virology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.1016\/j.puhe.2008.10.012","article-title":"A spatiotemporal statistical model of the risk factors of human cases of H5N1 avian influenza in south-east Asian countries and China","volume":"123","author":"Kuo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Public Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s13567-023-01219-0","article-title":"A systematic review of mechanistic models used to study avian influenza virus transmission and control","volume":"54","author":"Lambert","year":"2023","journal-title":"Veterinary Research"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2018.03.004","article-title":"Transmission dynamics and control strategies assessment of avian influenza A (H5N6) in the Philippines","volume":"3","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Modeling"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib23","series-title":"Mathematical and computational biology series","article-title":"Optimal control applied to biological models","author":"Lenhart","year":"2007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2015.11.003","article-title":"A modeling study of human infections with avian influenza a H7N9 virus in mainland China","volume":"41","author":"Liu","year":"2015","journal-title":"International Journal of Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mbs.2016.11.014","article-title":"Nonlinear dynamics of avian influenza epidemic models","volume":"283","author":"Liu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib26","article-title":"A brief history of bird flu","volume":"374","author":"Lycett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib27","first-page":"1091","article-title":"A mathematical model of avian influenza for poultry farm and its stability analysis","volume":"15","author":"Malek","year":"2020","journal-title":"Applications and Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib28","article-title":"Mathematical modeling of bird flu with vaccination and treatment for the poultry farms","volume":"80","author":"Malek","year":"2021","journal-title":"Comparative Immunology, Microbiology and Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"318","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2007.04.017","article-title":"Transmission parameters of highly pathogenic avian influenza (H7N1) among industrial poultry farms in northern Italy in 1999-2000","volume":"81","author":"Mannelli","year":"2007","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2010.11.001","article-title":"Spatio-temporal analyses of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 outbreaks in the Mekong River Delta, Vietnam, 2009","volume":"2","author":"Minh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Spat Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-024-08054-z","article-title":"The global H5N1 influenza panzootic in mammals","volume":"637","author":"Peacock","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1681","DOI":"10.1007\/s11250-012-0124-2","article-title":"Models of highly pathogenic avian influenza epidemics in commercial poultry flocks in Nigeria and Ghana","volume":"44","author":"Pelletier","year":"2012","journal-title":"Tropical Animal Health and Production"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1007\/s10393-010-0338-6","article-title":"Transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza at Lake Constance (Europe) during the outbreak of winter 2005-2006","volume":"7","author":"Penny","year":"2010","journal-title":"EcoHealth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3494","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-47703-9","article-title":"Modelling the transmission dynamics of H9N2 avian influenza viruses in a live bird market","volume":"15","author":"Pinotti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib35","series-title":"Mathematical theory of optimal processes","author":"Pontryagin","year":"2018"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-64912-w","article-title":"Using an adaptive modeling framework to identify avian influenza spillover risk at the wild-domestic interface","volume":"14","author":"Prosser","year":"2024","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.3934\/mbe.2008.5.523","article-title":"Modeling the rapid spread of avian influenza (H5N1) in India","volume":"5","author":"Rao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mathematical Biosciences and Engineering"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2018.09.014","article-title":"Dynamics of the 2004 avian influenza H5N1 outbreak in Thailand: The role of duck farming, sequential model fitting and control","volume":"159","author":"Retkute","year":"2018","journal-title":"Preventive Veterinary Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1637\/9429-061710-Reg.1","article-title":"Ongoing estimation of the epidemic parameters of a stochastic, spatial, discrete-time model for a 1983-84 avian influenza epidemic","volume":"55","author":"Rorres","year":"2011","journal-title":"Avian Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2022.2155072","article-title":"Alarming situation of emerging H5 and H7 avian influenza and effective control strategies","volume":"12","author":"Shi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Emerging Microbes & Infections"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"385","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.13991","article-title":"Risk mapping of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5 during 2012-2017 in Taiwan with spatial Bayesian modelling: Implications for surveillance and control policies","volume":"69","author":"Shih","year":"2022","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2811","DOI":"10.3390\/math12182811","article-title":"Optimal epidemic control with nonmedical and medical interventions","volume":"12","author":"Smirnova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Mathematics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib43","first-page":"1735","article-title":"Estimating time dependent transmission rate of avian influenza viastable numerical algorithm","volume":"17","author":"Smirnova","year":"2012","journal-title":"Discrete and Continuous Dynamical Systems - Series B"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2024.05.006","article-title":"On optimal control at the onset of a new viral outbreak","volume":"9","author":"Smirnova","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Modelling"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2023.2196258","article-title":"The pathogenesis of a 2022 North American highly pathogenic clade 2.3.4.4b H5N1 avian influenza virus in mallards (Anas platyrhynchos)","volume":"52","author":"Spackman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Avian Pathology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sste.2012.11.002","article-title":"Modeling habitat suitability for occurrence of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 in domestic poultry in Asia: A spatial multicriteria decision analysis approach","volume":"4","author":"Stevens","year":"2013","journal-title":"Spatio-Temporal Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib47","article-title":"Detection of A(H5N1) influenza virus nucleic acid in retail pasteurized milk","author":"Tarbuck","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research Square Preprint"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1142\/S0218339013400044","article-title":"Modeling seasonality in avian influenza H5N1","volume":"21","author":"Tuncer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"412","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2022.2078899","article-title":"Parameter identifiability and optimal control of a SARS-CoV-2 model early in the pandemic","volume":"16","author":"Tuncer","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Dynamics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1080\/17513758.2015.1111449","article-title":"Dynamics of low and high pathogenic avian influenza in wild and domestic bird populations","volume":"10","author":"Tuncer","year":"2016","journal-title":"Journal of Biological Dynamics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib52","unstructured":"R.K. Upadhyay, N. Kumari, V.S.H. Rao, Modeling the spread of bird flu and predicting outbreak diversity, Nonlinear Analysis: Real World Applications."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41587-025-02658-0","article-title":"USDA conditionally approves H5N1 poultry vaccine","volume":"43","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Biotechnology. News in Brief"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib56","series-title":"HPAI response: Timeline, eligibility, and approval for restocking","year":"2025"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1137\/140966642","article-title":"Avian influenza dynamics under periodic environmental conditions","volume":"75","author":"Vaidya","year":"2015","journal-title":"SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.3201\/eid3106.241870","article-title":"Genesis and spread of novel highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b virus genotype EA-2023-DG reassortant, Western Europe","volume":"31","author":"Van Borm","year":"2025","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3151","DOI":"10.1111\/tbed.14202","article-title":"Inferring within-flock transmission dynamics of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N8 virus in France","volume":"68","author":"Vergne","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transboundary and Emerging Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib64","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/annotation\/bdf0c45a-a656-4980-8bc8-7990255ed1ad","article-title":"A Bayesian approach to quantifying the effects of mass poultry vaccination upon the spatial and temporal dynamics of H5N1 in northern Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib65","article-title":"A Bayesian approach to quantifying the effects of mass poultry vaccination upon the spatial and temporal dynamics of H5N1 in northern Vietnam","volume":"6","author":"Walker","year":"2010","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002_bib66","article-title":"Household transmissibility of avian influenza a (H7N9) virus, China, February to may 2013 and October 2013 to march 2014","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Euro Surveillance"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Modelling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S246804272600059X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S246804272600059X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,22]],"date-time":"2026-07-22T15:45:13Z","timestamp":1784735113000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S246804272600059X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"references-count":56,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]}},"alternative-id":["S246804272600059X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Modeling and control of highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry using network disease dynamics","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infectious Disease Modelling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2026.06.002","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}