{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T20:31:38Z","timestamp":1793305898498,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":70,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2027,3,1]],"date-time":"2027-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1803859200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003399","name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZD2021CY001"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZD2021CY001"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003399","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["92369118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["92369118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82304202"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82304202"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Disease Modelling"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T15:58:23Z","timestamp":1788364703000},"page":"154-169","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Role-specific household contact patterns in urban and rural China: Implications for influenza household transmission"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Tingting","family":"Guo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9564-1115","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bowen","family":"Ming","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuxia","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-4853-5535","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fayu","family":"Lu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjing","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8600-754X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Juanjuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"486","DOI":"10.1177\/02685809241254356","article-title":"Grandparental childcare and maternal labor supply in Chinese families with young children: Evidence from the China family panel studies","volume":"39","author":"Bai","year":"2024","journal-title":"International Sociology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rssm.2024.100941","article-title":"Division of household labor in urban China: Couples' education pairing and co-residence with parents","volume":"92","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Research in Social Stratification and Mobility"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-4-19","article-title":"Crowding: Risk factor or protective factor for lower respiratory disease in young children?","volume":"4","author":"Cardoso","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwm375","article-title":"Time lines of infection and disease in human influenza: A review of volunteer challenge studies","volume":"167","author":"Carrat","year":"2008","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"27","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0905498","article-title":"Household transmission of 2009 pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus in the United States","volume":"361","author":"Cauchemez","year":"2009","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2825","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1008895108","article-title":"Role of social networks in shaping disease transmission during a community outbreak of 2009 H1N1 pandemic influenza","volume":"108","author":"Cauchemez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1655","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-21809-w","article-title":"Digital proximity tracing on empirical contact networks for pandemic control","volume":"12","author":"Cencetti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib8","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1928","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1710.101662","article-title":"Household transmission of pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus, Taiwan","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Disease journal"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1093\/sf\/sor012","article-title":"Intergenerational ties in context: Grandparents caring for grandchildren in China","volume":"90","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Social Forces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11113-024-09872-9","article-title":"The gendered division of housework in China: Parenthood effects and heterogeneity across parenthood stages","volume":"43","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Population Research and Policy Review"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1159","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaf048","article-title":"Household transmission and genomic diversity of respiratory syncytial virus in the United States, 2022-2023","volume":"81","author":"Cox","year":"2026","journal-title":"Clinical Infectious Diseases: An Official Publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1009","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-021-06610-w","article-title":"Analyzing the demographic, spatial, and temporal factors influencing social contact patterns in U.S. and implications for infectious disease spread","volume":"21","author":"Dor\u00e9lien","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1032","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-022-13402-7","article-title":"Time trends in social contacts before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: The CONNECT study","volume":"22","author":"Drolet","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1007589","article-title":"Fine-scale family structure shapes influenza transmission risk in households: Insights from primary schools in Matsumoto city, 2014\/15","volume":"15","author":"Endo","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS Computational Biology"},{"issue":"7997","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-023-06952-2","article-title":"Digital measurement of SARS-CoV-2 transmission risk from 7 million contacts","volume":"626","author":"Ferretti","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0045113","article-title":"Representative contact diaries for modeling the spread of infectious diseases in Taiwan","volume":"7","author":"Fu","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1111\/irv.12328","article-title":"Effectiveness of influenza vaccination of schoolchildren in the city of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil, 2009","volume":"9","author":"Gatt\u00e1s","year":"2015","journal-title":"Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib18","article-title":"Global, regional, and national incidence and mortality burden of non-COVID-19 lower respiratory infections and aetiologies, 1990-2021: A systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"24","year":"2024","journal-title":"The Lancet. Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"1893","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib19","article-title":"Household members do not contact each other at random: Implications for infectious disease modelling","volume":"285","author":"Goeyvaerts","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proceedings. Biological Sciences"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1882","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2410.161258","article-title":"Influenza transmission dynamics in urban households, Managua, Nicaragua, 2012-2014","volume":"24","author":"Gordon","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emerging Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2024.46814","article-title":"Estimated effectiveness of influenza vaccines in preventing secondary infections in households","volume":"7","author":"Grijalva","year":"2024","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"654","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268808001416","article-title":"Household structure and infectious disease transmission","volume":"137","author":"House","year":"2009","journal-title":"Epidemiology and Infection"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib23","article-title":"Loss of life expectancy due to respiratory infectious diseases: Findings from the global burden of disease study in 195 countries and territories 1990-2017","volume":"39","author":"Huang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Journal of Population Research (Canberra, ACT)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"282","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1007-8","article-title":"Analysis of influenza transmission in the households of primary and junior high school students during the 2012-13 influenza season in Odate, Japan","volume":"15","author":"Kamigaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1140\/epjds\/s13688-016-0084-2","article-title":"Quantifying social contacts in a household setting of rural Kenya using wearable proximity sensors","volume":"5","author":"Kiti","year":"2016","journal-title":"EPJ Data Science"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1093\/geronb\/gbt129","article-title":"Grandparents caring for grandchildren in China and Korea: Findings from CHARLS and KLoSA. The journals of gerontology","volume":"69","author":"Ko","year":"2013","journal-title":"Series B, Psychological Sciences and Social Sciences"},{"issue":"29","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9094","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1423339112","article-title":"Inferring influenza dynamics and control in households","volume":"112","author":"Lau","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1832","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwae106","article-title":"Addressing current limitations of household transmission studies by collecting contact data","volume":"193","author":"Layan","year":"2024","journal-title":"American Journal of Epidemiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7974","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-017-08241-1","article-title":"Social contact patterns relevant to the spread of respiratory infectious diseases in Hong Kong","volume":"7","author":"Leung","year":"2017","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5542","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-31485-z","article-title":"Social contact patterns relevant for infectious disease transmission in Cambodia","volume":"13","author":"Leung","year":"2023","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"439","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idm.2024.12.006","article-title":"Social contact patterns and their impact on the transmission of respiratory pathogens in rural China","volume":"10","author":"Liang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Infectious Disease Modelling"},{"issue":"209","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2023.0336","article-title":"COVID-19 spreading patterns in family clusters reveal gender roles in China","volume":"20","author":"Liao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of The Royal Society Interface"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1007\/s13755-020-00136-2","article-title":"Epidemiological investigation of a COVID-19 family cluster outbreak transmitted by a 3-month-old infant","volume":"9","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Health Information Science and Systems"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2022.976796","article-title":"Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of pertussis in children and their close contacts in households: A cross-sectional survey in Zhejiang Province, China","volume":"10","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Pediatrics"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2020.31756","article-title":"Household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: A systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"3","author":"Madewell","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.22240","article-title":"Factors associated with household transmission of SARS-CoV-2: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Madewell","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA Network Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-12-345","article-title":"Household transmission of respiratory viruses - Assessment of viral, individual and household characteristics in a population study of healthy Australian adults","volume":"12","author":"McCaw","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"209","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsif.2023.0087","article-title":"Population age and household structures shape transmission dynamics of emerging infectious diseases: A longitudinal microsimulation approach","volume":"20","author":"M\u00f8gelmose","year":"2023","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society, Interface"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e74","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.0050074","article-title":"Social contacts and mixing patterns relevant to the spread of infectious diseases","volume":"5","author":"Mossong","year":"2008","journal-title":"PLoS Medicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7554\/eLife.70294","article-title":"Social contact patterns and implications for infectious disease transmission - A systematic review and meta-analysis of contact surveys","volume":"10","author":"Mousa","year":"2021","journal-title":"eLife"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1177\/0141076821999973","article-title":"Ethnicity, household composition and COVID-19 mortality: A national linked data study","volume":"114","author":"Nafilyan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9586","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-025-64850-9","article-title":"Characterizing social behavior relevant for infectious disease transmission in four low- and middle-income countries, 2021-2023","volume":"16","author":"Nelson","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0198733","article-title":"Close encounters between infants and household members measured through wearable proximity sensors","volume":"13","author":"Ozella","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-019-14229-4","article-title":"Systematic selection between age and household structure for models aimed at emerging epidemic predictions","volume":"11","author":"Pellis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"6585","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abl4292","article-title":"Vaccination with BNT162b2 reduces transmission of SARS-CoV-2 to household contacts in Israel","volume":"375","author":"Prunas","year":"2022","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"1785","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib46","article-title":"Social mixing patterns in rural and urban areas of southern China","volume":"281","author":"Read","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"494","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-015-1237-9","article-title":"Social encounter profiles of greater Melbourne residents, by location--a telephone survey","volume":"15","author":"Rolls","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Infectious Diseases"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib48","article-title":"\"Epidemiology and aetiology of influenza-like illness among households in metropolitan Vientiane, Lao PDR\": A prospective, community-based cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Rudge","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib49","article-title":"Global burden of lower respiratory infections during the last three decades","volume":"10","author":"Safiri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Frontiers in Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.12688\/f1000research.21145.1","article-title":"Australian state influenza notifications and school holiday closures in 2019","volume":"8","author":"Scott","year":"2019","journal-title":"F1000Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib51","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1750-2659.2011.00205.x","article-title":"Findings from a household randomized controlled trial of hand washing and face masks to reduce influenza transmission in Bangkok, Thailand","volume":"5","author":"Simmerman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Influenza Other Respir Viruses"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjpo-2025-003434","article-title":"Grandmaternal caregiving and early child development in rural China: The mediating role of parenting environment","volume":"9","author":"Song","year":"2025","journal-title":"BMJ Paediatrics Open"},{"issue":"4\u20135","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib53","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"416","DOI":"10.1080\/08959420.2020.1770031","article-title":"Intergenerational relationships, family caregiving policy, and COVID-19 in the United States","volume":"32","author":"Stokes","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Aging Soc Policy"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib54","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1098\/rsos.240550","article-title":"Quantifying age-specific household contacts in Aotearoa New Zealand for infectious disease modelling","volume":"11","author":"Sullivan","year":"2024","journal-title":"Royal Society Open Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib55","article-title":"School-located influenza vaccination reduces community risk for influenza and influenza-like illness emergency care visits","volume":"14","author":"Tran","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib56","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2015.10.012","article-title":"Household transmission of influenza virus","volume":"24","author":"Tsang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends in Microbiology"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-018-08036-6","article-title":"Indirect protection from vaccinating children against influenza in households","volume":"10","author":"Tsang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature Communications"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/v14102097","article-title":"Indirect protection from vaccinating children against influenza A virus infection in households","volume":"14","author":"Tsang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib59","article-title":"Reconstructing household transmission dynamics to estimate the infectiousness of asymptomatic influenza virus infections","volume":"120","author":"Tsang","year":"2023"},{"issue":"506","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib60","first-page":"684","article-title":"Risk factors of influenza transmission in households","volume":"54","author":"Viboud","year":"2004","journal-title":"British Journal of General Practice"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib61","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2004.08.044","article-title":"Population-wide benefits of routine vaccination of children against influenza","volume":"23","author":"Weycker","year":"2005","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac158","article-title":"Association between household composition and severe COVID-19 outcomes in older people by ethnicity: An observational cohort study using the OpenSAFELY platform","volume":"51","author":"Wing","year":"2022","journal-title":"International Journal of Epidemiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib63","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.epidem.2015.04.003","article-title":"On the relative role of different age groups in influenza epidemics","volume":"13","author":"Worby","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epidemics"},{"issue":"30","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib64","first-page":"2405","article-title":"[Cost-effectiveness analysis of quadrivalent influenza vaccination for older adults aged 60 and above in mainland China]","volume":"101","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Zhonghua Yixue Zazhi"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib65","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"206","DOI":"10.1038\/s44360-025-00049-y","article-title":"Frequent presymptomatic household transmission of influenza A but not influenza B virus","volume":"1","author":"Zhang","year":"2026","journal-title":"Natural Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib66","article-title":"Patterns of human social contact and contact with animals in Shanghai, China","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Scientific Reports"},{"issue":"6498","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib67","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abb8001","article-title":"Changes in contact patterns shape the dynamics of the COVID-19 outbreak in China","volume":"368","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Science (New York, N.Y.)"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-021-00922-4","article-title":"The optimal vaccination strategy to control COVID-19: A modeling study in Wuhan city, China","volume":"10","author":"Zhao","year":"2021","journal-title":"Infectious Diseases of Poverty"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib69","first-page":"1","article-title":"Intergenerational co-residence and young couple's time use in China","volume":"54","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chinese Sociological Review"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001_bib70","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1608","DOI":"10.3389\/fpsyg.2019.01608","article-title":"Differential patterns of the division of parenthood in Chinese family: Association with coparenting behavior","volume":"10","author":"Zou","year":"2019","journal-title":"Frontiers in Psychology"}],"container-title":["Infectious Disease Modelling"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468042726000758?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2468042726000758?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,29]],"date-time":"2026-10-29T19:50:13Z","timestamp":1793303413000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2468042726000758"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"references-count":70,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]}},"alternative-id":["S2468042726000758"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001","relation":{},"ISSN":["2468-0427"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2468-0427","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2027,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Role-specific household contact patterns in urban and rural China: Implications for influenza household transmission","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infectious Disease Modelling","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idm.2026.09.001","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Publishing services by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of KeAi Communications Co. Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}