{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,5]],"date-time":"2026-08-05T12:28:56Z","timestamp":1785932936544,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,15]],"date-time":"2025-05-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1747267200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Infectious Diseases Now"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,17]],"date-time":"2025-05-17T11:18:27Z","timestamp":1747480707000},"page":"105091","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Climate crossroads: How global warming drives coronavirus emergence, the long COVID crisis of tomorrow, and AI\u2019s role in navigating our future"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"55","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2057-7793","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thorsten","family":"Rudroff","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"10007","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60901-1","article-title":"Safeguarding human health in the Anthropocene epoch: report of The Rockefeller Foundation-Lancet Commission on planetary health","volume":"386","author":"Whitmee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"7919","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-04788-w","article-title":"Climate change increases cross-species viral transmission risk","volume":"607","author":"Carlson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scitotenv.2021.145413","article-title":"Shifts in global bat diversity suggest a possible role of climate change in the emergence of SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2","volume":"767","author":"Beyer","year":"2021","journal-title":"Sci Total Environ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0020","unstructured":"IPCC [Internet]. 2022. Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability [cited March 24, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.ipcc.ch\/report\/ar6\/wg2\/."},{"issue":"7821","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"398","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2562-8","article-title":"Zoonotic host diversity increases in human-dominated ecosystems","volume":"584","author":"Gibb","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-018-0118-9","article-title":"Origin and evolution of pathogenic coronaviruses","volume":"17","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.09.001","article-title":"Molecular evolution of human coronavirus genomes","volume":"25","author":"Forni","year":"2017","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.058","article-title":"Structure, function, and antigenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 spike glycoprotein","volume":"181","author":"Walls","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-021-00652-2","article-title":"Ecology, evolution and spillover of coronaviruses from bats","volume":"20","author":"Ruiz-Aravena","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"issue":"7798","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"270","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2012-7","article-title":"A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin","volume":"579","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01283-z","article-title":"Post-acute COVID-19 syndrome","volume":"27","author":"Nalbandian","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","volume":"38","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1957","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-29521-z","article-title":"Persistent COVID-19 symptoms in a community study of 606,434 people in England","volume":"13","author":"Whitaker","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"6045","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1024","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1206432","article-title":"Rapid range shifts of species associated with high levels of climate warming","volume":"333","author":"Chen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"7660","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1038\/nature22975","article-title":"Host and viral traits predict zoonotic spillover from mammals","volume":"546","author":"Olival","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-020-01418-7","article-title":"The effect of temperature on persistence of SARS-CoV-2 on common surfaces","volume":"17","author":"Riddell","year":"2020","journal-title":"Virol J"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2712","DOI":"10.1128\/AEM.02291-09","article-title":"Effects of air temperature and relative humidity on coronavirus survival on surfaces","volume":"76","author":"Casanova","year":"2010","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microbiol"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7919","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22157919","article-title":"Perspective of the relationship between the susceptibility to initial SARS-CoV-2 infectivity and optimal nasal conditioning of inhaled air","volume":"22","author":"Ramasamy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"issue":"1633","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0095","first-page":"419","article-title":"Climate change and the effects of temperature extremes on Australian flying-foxes","volume":"275","author":"Welbergen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Biol Sci"},{"issue":"7943","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-022-05506-2","article-title":"Pathogen spillover driven by rapid changes in bat ecology","volume":"613","author":"Eby","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.3390\/v11020192","article-title":"Immune system modulation and viral persistence in bats: understanding viral spillover","volume":"11","author":"Subudhi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0110","unstructured":"International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses [Internet]. 2023. Current ICTV Taxonomy Release [cited March 24, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/ictv.global\/taxonomy."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.aivir.2018.01.001","article-title":"Hosts and sources of endemic human coronaviruses","volume":"100","author":"Corman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Adv Virus Res"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e237","DOI":"10.1016\/S2542-5196(21)00031-0","article-title":"Land use-induced spillover: a call to action to safeguard environmental, animal, and human health","volume":"5","author":"Plowright","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet Planet Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0125","article-title":"Global patterns in coronavirus diversity","volume":"3","author":"Anthony","year":"2017","journal-title":"VirusEvol"},{"issue":"36","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22311","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2010146117","article-title":"Broad host range of SARS-CoV-2 predicted by comparative and structural analysis of ACE2 in vertebrates","volume":"117","author":"Damas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1508","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.3985","article-title":"A SARS-like cluster of circulating bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence","volume":"21","author":"Menachery","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e102","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(21)00703-9","article-title":"WHO clinical case definition working group on post-COVID-19 condition. A clinical case definition of post-COVID-19 condition by a Delphi consensus","volume":"22","author":"Soriano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8449","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-024-52404-4","article-title":"Post-COVID-19 condition symptoms among emergency department patients tested for SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"15","author":"Archambault","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7892","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-43661-w","article-title":"True prevalence of long-COVID in a nationwide, population cohort study","volume":"14","author":"Hastie","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3528","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-022-30836-0","article-title":"Long COVID burden and risk factors in 10 UK longitudinal studies and electronic health records","volume":"13","author":"Thompson","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5839","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-023-41541-x","article-title":"Predictors of the post-COVID condition following mild SARS-CoV-2 infection","volume":"14","author":"Reme","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Commun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2021.101019","article-title":"Characterizing long COVID in an international cohort: 7 months of symptoms and their impact","author":"Davis","year":"2021","journal-title":"EClinicalMedicine"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11207","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-36995-4","article-title":"Long COVID prevalence and impact on quality of life 2years after acute COVID-19","volume":"13","author":"Kim","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0175","article-title":"Will COVID-19 lead to myalgic encephalomyelitis\/chronic fatigue syndrome?","volume":"7","author":"Komaroff","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Med (Lausanne)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0180","unstructured":"Brookings [Internet]. 2022. New data shows long Covid is keeping as many as 4 million people out of work [cited March 24, 2025]. Available from: https:\/\/www.brookings.edu\/articles\/new-data-shows-long-covid-is-keeping-as-many-as-4-million-people-out-of-work\/."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1001\/jamahealthforum.2022.1809","article-title":"The costs of Long COVID","volume":"3","author":"Cutler","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Health Forum"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1177\/21501327211010994","article-title":"Multidisciplinary NHS COVID-19 service to manage post-COVID-19 syndrome in the community","volume":"12","author":"Parkin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Prim Care Community Health"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmed.2020-0353","article-title":"Rehabilitation after COVID-19: an evidence-based approach","volume":"20","author":"Wade","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Med (Lond)"},{"issue":"15","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2002324118","article-title":"Ranking the risk of animal-to-human spillover for newly discovered viruses","volume":"118","author":"Grange","year":"2021","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0236971","article-title":"Coronavirus surveillance in wildlife from two Congo basin countries detects RNA of multiple species circulating in bats and rodents","volume":"16","author":"Kumakamba","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1111\/ele.13520","article-title":"Integrating data mining and transmission theory in the ecology of infectious diseases","volume":"23","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ecol Lett"},{"issue":"10419","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2346","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01859-7","article-title":"The 2023 report of the Lancet Countdown on health and climate change: the imperative for a health-centered response in a world facing irreversible harms","volume":"402","author":"Romanello","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e00028","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00028-20","article-title":"Coronavirus disease 2019-COVID-19","volume":"33","author":"Dhama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2024.1418681","article-title":"A framework for integrating wastewater-based epidemiology and public health","volume":"12","author":"Brosky","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Public Health"},{"issue":"6526","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abd7331","article-title":"Learning the language of viral evolution and escape","volume":"371","author":"Hie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Science"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.2196\/22453","article-title":"Artificial intelligence-aided precision medicine for COVID-19: strategic areas of research and development","volume":"23","author":"Santus","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Med Internet Res"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e532","DOI":"10.1016\/S2589-7500(22)00048-6","article-title":"Identifying who has long COVID in the USA: a machine learning approach using N3C data","volume":"4","author":"Pfaff","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Digit Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091_b0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eswa.2022.118604","article-title":"Advanced deep learning approaches to predict supply chain risks under COVID-19 restrictions","volume":"211","author":"Bassiouni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Expert Syst Appl"}],"container-title":["Infectious Diseases Now"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666991925000703?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S2666991925000703?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,3]],"date-time":"2025-09-03T02:09:59Z","timestamp":1756865399000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S2666991925000703"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["S2666991925000703"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091","relation":{},"ISSN":["2666-9919"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2666-9919","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Climate crossroads: How global warming drives coronavirus emergence, the long COVID crisis of tomorrow, and AI\u2019s role in navigating our future","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"Infectious Diseases Now","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.idnow.2025.105091","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"105091"}}