{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T23:13:23Z","timestamp":1785453203675,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,1]],"date-time":"2021-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619827200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,14]],"date-time":"2021-03-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1615680000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005754","name":"Sahlgrenska Universitetssjukhuset","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005754","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Emergency Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,3,23]],"date-time":"2021-03-23T08:52:41Z","timestamp":1616489561000},"page":"100999","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Evaluation and treatment of pain in the pre-hospital setting. A comparison between patients with a hip injury, chest pain and abdominal pain"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"56","author":[{"given":"Carl","family":"Magnusson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marie","family":"Carlstr\u00f6m","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Lidman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Herlitz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P\u00e4r","family":"Wennberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Christer","family":"Axelsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"770","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-11-770","article-title":"Pain as a global public health priority","volume":"11","author":"Goldberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0010","unstructured":"Kopf A, Patel NB (2010). Guide to Pain Management in Low-Resource Settings. International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP). https:\/\/s3.amazonaws.com\/rdcms-iasp\/files\/production\/public\/Content\/ContentFolders\/Publications2\/FreeBooks\/Guide_to_Pain_Management_in_Low-Resource_Settings.pdf. [Accessed 20.12.2]."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"970","DOI":"10.1111\/pme.12668","article-title":"Pain management in the emergency chain: the use and effectiveness of pain management in patients with acute musculoskeletal pain","volume":"16","author":"Pierik","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1471-6712.2001.00027.x","article-title":"Congruence between health professionals\u2019 and patients\u2019 pain ratings: a review of the literature","volume":"19","author":"Solomon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Scand J Caring Sci"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2012-201111","article-title":"Patients\u2019 and emergency clinicians\u2019 perceptions of improving pre-hospital pain management: a qualitative study","volume":"30","author":"Iqbal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Fry M, Bennets S, Huckson S. An Australian Audit of ED Pain Management. Patterns Journal of Emergency Nursing 2011;37(3): 269\u201374.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2010.03.007"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2844","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.14867","article-title":"Symptom description in patients with chest pain - a qualitative analysis of emergency medical calls involving high-risk conditions","volume":"28","author":"Wibring","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2011.07.002","article-title":"Pre-hospital pain management patterns and triage nurse documentation","volume":"20","author":"Fry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Hennes H, Kim MK. Pirallo RG. Prehospital pain management: A Comparison of provider\u015b perceptions and practices. Prehospital Emergency Care 2009;9(1):32\u20139.","DOI":"10.1080\/10903120590891705"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1000","DOI":"10.1097\/MLR.0000000000000444","article-title":"Analgesic access for acute abdominal pain in the emergency department among racial\/ethnic minority patients: a nationwide examination","volume":"53","author":"Shah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Wennberg P, M\u00f6ller M, Kenne Sarenmalm E, Herlitz J. Evaluation of the intensity and management of pain before arrival in hospital among patients with suspected hip fractures. Int Emerg Nurs 2020 Mar; 49: 100825. doi: 10.1016\/j.ienj.2019.100825. Epub 2020 Feb 3. PMID: 32029418.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2019.100825"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Bohm K, Lund R, Norlander J, Vicente V. Ambulance nurse's experience to relieve pain in patients with addiction problems in Sweden. Int Emerg Nurs 2019 Sep;46:100779. doi: http:\/\/dx.doi.org.lib.costello.pub.hb.se\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2019.06.002.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2019.06.002"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-018-0957-3","article-title":"Association between the reported intensity of an acute symptom at first prehospital assessment and the subsequent outcome: A study on patients with acute chest pain and presumed acute coronary syndrome","volume":"18","author":"Holmberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc Disord"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0070","unstructured":"HSLF-FS 2017:37. \u201cOrdination och hantering av l\u00e4kemedel i h\u00e4lso- och sjukv\u00e5rden\u201d En handbok vid till\u00e4mpning av Socialstyrelsens f\u00f6reskrifter och allm\u00e4nna r\u00e5d (HSLF-FS 2017:37) om ordination och hantering av l\u00e4kemedel i h\u00e4lso- och sjukv\u00e5rden. The National Board of Health and Welfare. https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/globalassets\/sharepointdokument\/artikelkatalog\/handbocker\/2019- 6-6235.pdf. [Accessed 20.12.13]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0075","unstructured":"SOSFS 2009:10. The National Board of Health and Welfares Guidelines on Ambulance Health Care. https:\/\/www.socialstyrelsen.se\/regler-och-riktlinjer\/foreskrifter-och-allmanna-rad\/konsoliderade-foreskrifter\/200910-om-ambulanssjukvard-m.m\/. [Accessed 20.12.13]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0080","unstructured":"Rapid Emergency Triage and Treatment System. Predicare AB. https:\/\/predicare.eu\/about-retts\/applications\/. [Accessed 20.12.13]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2008.058719","article-title":"Ambulance call triage outcomes for patients reporting pain: a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of pain score versus triage level","volume":"26","author":"Lord","year":"2009","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Friesgaard KD, Riddervold IS, Kirkegaard H, Christensen EF, Nikolajsen L. Acute pain in the prehospital setting: a register-based study of 41.241 patients. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2018;26(1):53. doi:10.1186\/s13049-018-0521-2.","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-018-0521-2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Sporer KA, Wilson KG. How well do Emergency Medical Dispatch Codes predict prehospital medication administration in a diverse urban community? The journal of emergency medicine 2013;44(2).","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jemermed.2012.02.086"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-020-0706-3","article-title":"Towards definition of time-sensitive conditions in prehospital care","volume":"28","author":"Wibring","year":"2020","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.024714","article-title":"Limitation of infarct size and the open artery hypothesis","volume":"134","author":"Brauwnwald","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.08.004","article-title":"Characteristics and outcome among patients who dial for the EMS due to chest pain","volume":"176","author":"Rawshani","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2011.10.002","article-title":"Pain assessment in patients unable to self report: position statement with clinical practice recommendations","volume":"12","author":"Herr","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2015.06.006","article-title":"Actions to improve documented pain assessment in adult patients with injury to the upper extremities at the Emergency Department \u2013 a cross-sectional study","volume":"25","author":"Sturesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-015-0166-3","article-title":"Assessment of pain in a Norwegian Emergency Department","volume":"23","author":"Dale","year":"2015","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1177\/010740831203200404","article-title":"A pain behaviour scale for pain assessment of older individuals with impaired cognitive function in emergency care","volume":"32","author":"Edberg","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nordic J Nurs Res"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pmn.2005.06.002","article-title":"Developing and testing a questionnaire to assess the quality of pain management in acute care in Sweden","volume":"6","author":"Hansson","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pain Manag Nurs."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Pierik JG, Berben SA, IJzerman MJ, Gaakeer MI, van Eenennaam FL, van Vugt AB, Doggen CJ. A nurse-initiated pain protocol in the ED improves pain treatment in patients with acute musculoskeletal pain. Int Emerg Nurs 2016 Jul;27:3-10. doi: 10.1016\/j.ienj.2016.02.001. Epub 2016 Mar 8. PMID: 26968352.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2016.02.001"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0145","first-page":"417","article-title":"Emerency Department pain Management in Adult Patients with Traumatic Injuries Before and After Implementation of a Nurse Initiated Pain Treatment Protocol Utilizing Fentanyl for Severe Pain","volume":"52","author":"Ridderikhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijotn.2018.11.003","article-title":"Preoperative pain management with nerve block in patients with hip fractures in a randomized controlled trial","volume":"33","author":"Wennberg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Orthopaedic Trauma Nursing"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"372","DOI":"10.1136\/emj.2007.048611","article-title":"The end of the line? The Visual Analogue Scale and Verbal Numerical Rating Scale as pain assessment tools in the emergency department","volume":"27","author":"Mohan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjpain.2016.06.006","article-title":"Mandatory documentation of pain in the emergency department increases analgesic administration but does not improve patients' satisfaction of pain management","volume":"13","author":"Sturesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Scand J Pain"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.3109\/10903127.2012.717167","article-title":"Paramedic attitudes regarding prehospital analgesia","volume":"17","author":"Walsh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Prehospital Emergency Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2019.01.032","article-title":"The intensity of pain in the prehospital setting is most strongly reflected in the respiratory rate among physiological parameters","volume":"37","author":"Andersson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jen.2012.09.008","article-title":"An exploration of factors influencing ambulance and emergency nurses' protocol adherence in the Netherlands","volume":"40","author":"Ebben","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1097\/MEJ.0000000000000133","article-title":"Factors influencing ambulance nurses' adherence to a national protocol ambulance care: an implementation study in the Netherlands","volume":"22","author":"Ebben","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"539","DOI":"10.1016\/S0885-3924(03)00147-7","article-title":"Management and Relief of Pain in an Emergency Department from the Adult Patients\u2019 Perspective","volume":"25","author":"Tcherny-Lessenot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Pain Symptom Manage"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0190","first-page":"114","article-title":"Emergency Department Patient Perspectives on the Risk of Addiction to Prescription Opioids","volume":"17","author":"Conrardy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pain Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.2310\/8000.2013.131285","article-title":"Effect of pain control in suspected acute appendicitis on the diagnostic accuracy of surgical residents","volume":"17","author":"Kang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Canadian J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0200","first-page":"1983","article-title":"Tramadol or paracetamol do not effect the diagnostic accuracy of acute abdominal pain with significant pain relief - a prospective, randomized, placebo controlled double blind study","volume":"16","author":"Oguzturk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0205","unstructured":"Wennberg P. Pain management in older persons with hip fractures [Internet] [PhD dissertation]. [\u00d6rebro]: \u00d6rebro University; 2019. (\u00d6rebro Studies in Medicine). http:\/\/urn.kb.se\/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-75191. [Accessed 20.12.28]."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1136\/emermed-2019-208994","article-title":"How can pain management in the emergency department be improved? Findings from multiple case study analysis of pain management in three UK emergency departments","volume":"37","author":"Sampson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg Med J"},{"issue":"u209522","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999_b0215","article-title":"Decreasing Time to Pain Relief for Emergency Department Patients with Extremity Fractures","volume":"5","author":"Heilman","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open Quality"}],"container-title":["International Emergency Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755599X21000379?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755599X21000379?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:05:01Z","timestamp":1761699901000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1755599X21000379"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S1755599X21000379"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-599X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-599X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Evaluation and treatment of pain in the pre-hospital setting. A comparison between patients with a hip injury, chest pain and abdominal pain","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Emergency Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2021.100999","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"100999"}}