{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,7]],"date-time":"2026-05-07T06:58:26Z","timestamp":1778137106156,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,1]],"date-time":"2022-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1656633600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100016286","name":"Urmia University of Medical Sciences","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100016286","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Emergency Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,6]],"date-time":"2022-07-06T05:54:27Z","timestamp":1657086867000},"page":"101193","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"special_numbering":"C","title":["The nature and pre-disposing factors of workplace violence: A qualitative study of how violence is experienced by ED personnel"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"63","author":[{"given":"H.","family":"Habibzadeh","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Y.","family":"Moradi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Baghaei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"N.","family":"Parizad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0005","article-title":"The prevalence of workplace violence against iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"19","author":"Dalvand","year":"2018","journal-title":"Shiraz E-Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0010","unstructured":"Hango D, Moyser M. Harassment in Canadian workplaces. In.: Statistics Canada= Statisique Canada; 2018."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2020.101381","article-title":"Workplace violence against healthcare professionals: a systematic review","volume":"51","author":"Mento","year":"2020","journal-title":"Aggression Violent Behav"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1136\/oemed-2019-105849","article-title":"Prevalence of workplace violence against healthcare workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"76","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Occup Environ Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1148","DOI":"10.1891\/0886-6708.33.6.1148","article-title":"Workplace violence against Iranian nurses: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"33","author":"Azami","year":"2018","journal-title":"Violence Vict"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2017.07.007","article-title":"The consequences of violence against nurses working in the emergency department: a qualitative study","volume":"39","author":"Hassankhani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1016\/j.outlook.2019.04.006","article-title":"Workplace violence against nurses, job satisfaction, burnout, and patient safety in Chinese hospitals","volume":"67","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nurs Outlook"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Najafi F, Fallahi\u2010Khoshknab M, Ahmadi F, Dalvandi A, Rahgozar M. Antecedents and consequences of workplace violence against nurses: A qualitative study. Journal of clinical nursing 2018, 27(1-2):e116-e128. 10.1111\/jocn.13884.","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.13884"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1016\/j.avb.2014.07.010","article-title":"The aftermath of workplace violence among healthcare workers: a systematic literature review of the consequences","volume":"19","author":"Lanct\u00f4t","year":"2014","journal-title":"Aggression Violent Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0050","series-title":"Workplace violence in the healthcare sector. a review of the literature","author":"Adedokun","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0055","unstructured":"Acquadro Maran D. Workplace violence: prevalence, risk factors and preventive measures across the globe. J Health Social Sci 2020, 5(1):013-022. 10.19204\/2020\/wrkp2."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1111\/inr.12574","article-title":"Workplace violence against emergency department nurses in Oman: a cross-sectional multi-institutional study","volume":"67","author":"Al-Maskari","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int Nurs Rev"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nedt.2003.10.001","article-title":"Qualitative content analysis in nursing research: concepts, procedures and measures to achieve trustworthiness","volume":"24","author":"Graneheim","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nurse Educ Today"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0070","first-page":"e7","article-title":"Workplace violence against residents in emergency department and reasons for not reporting them; a cross sectional study","volume":"6","author":"Emam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Emergency"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0207577","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0207577","article-title":"The association between workplace violence and physicians\u2019 and nurses\u2019 job satisfaction in Macau","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2018","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0080","first-page":"1355","article-title":"Workplace violence against doctors involved in clinical care at a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan","volume":"69","author":"Zubairi","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Pakistan Med Assoc"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0085","first-page":"1","article-title":"Sexual harassment against female nurses: a systematic review","volume":"19","author":"Kahsay","year":"2020","journal-title":"BMC Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0090","first-page":"156","article-title":"The frequency, contributing and preventive factors of harassment towards health professionals in Iran","volume":"3","author":"Khoshknab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Community Based Nurs Midwifery"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1111\/1468-4446.12805","article-title":"Older Iranian Muslim women\u2019s experiences of sex and sexuality: a biographical approach","volume":"72","author":"Amini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Br J Sociol"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.32598\/ijpcp.27.2.3502.1","article-title":"Sexual health challenges in iran and the strategies for its improvement","volume":"27","author":"Damari","year":"2021","journal-title":"Iranian J Psychiatry Clin Psychol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Honarvar B, Ghazanfari N, Shahraki HR, Rostami S, Lankarani KB. Violence against nurses: A Neglected and healththreatening epidemic in the university affiliated public hospitals in Shiraz, Iran. The international journal of occupational and environmental medicine 2019, 10(3):111-123. 10.15171\/ijoem.2019.1556.","DOI":"10.15171\/ijoem.2019.1556"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Kang G-Y, Choi C-S. Nurses\u2019 Anger Expression and Ways of Coping after Violent Experiences. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 2016, 9(26):1-8. 10.17485\/ijst\/2016\/v9i26\/97310.","DOI":"10.17485\/ijst\/2016\/v9i26\/97310"},{"issue":"17\u201318","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3336","DOI":"10.1111\/jocn.15362","article-title":"I do not even tell my partner: Nurses\u2019 perceptions of verbal and physical violence against nurses working in a regional hospital","volume":"29","author":"Dafny","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Nurs"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"831","DOI":"10.1007\/s11205-017-1800-4","article-title":"Iran\u2019s multi-ethnic mosaic: a 23-year perspective","volume":"145","author":"Majbouri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Soc Indic Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0125","unstructured":"Iran SCo: Selected Findings of the 2016 National Population and Housing Census. In. Tehran: Statistical Centre of Iran; 2018."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0130","first-page":"235","article-title":"The political boundaries of ethnic divisions","volume":"13","author":"Bazzi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am Econ J: Appl Econ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"ALBashtawy M, Aljezawi Me: Emergency nurses' perspective of workplace violence in Jordanian hospitals: a national survey. Int Emerg Nurs 2016, 24:61-65. 10.1016\/j.ienj.2015.06.005.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2015.06.005"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e0157897","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0157897","article-title":"Coping with workplace violence against general practitioners and nurses in Heilongjiang Province, China: social supports and prevention strategies","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13584-017-0183-y","article-title":"Violence against physicians and nurses in a hospital: how does it happen? A mixed-methods study","volume":"6","author":"Shafran-Tikva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Israel J Health Policy Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S267446","article-title":"Violence Against Healthcare Workers at Primary Care Centers in Dammam and Al Khobar, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia, 2019","volume":"13","author":"Alsmael","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J General Med"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apnu.2017.11.009","article-title":"Prevalence of workplace violence against Chinese nurses and its association with mental health: a cross-sectional survey","volume":"32","author":"Zhao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Arch Psychiatr Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2019.100804","article-title":"\u201cMe First, Others Later\u201d A focused ethnography of ongoing cultural features of waiting in an Iranian emergency department","volume":"47","author":"Hassankhani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int Emerg Nurs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0165","unstructured":"Association EN. Mitigating Violence In The Workplace 01.04.2022. https:\/\/www.ena.org\/docs\/default-source\/press-room\/hot-topics\/mitigatingviolence_2015-01."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193_b0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/josi.12287","article-title":"The impact of culture-based protective factors on reducing rates of violence among African American adolescent and young adult males","volume":"74","author":"Wallace","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Social Issues"}],"container-title":["International Emergency Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755599X22000507?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755599X22000507?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T01:06:36Z","timestamp":1761699996000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1755599X22000507"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S1755599X22000507"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-599X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-599X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"The nature and pre-disposing factors of workplace violence: A qualitative study of how violence is experienced by ED personnel","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Emergency Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2022.101193","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101193"}}