{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T08:15:07Z","timestamp":1783412107540,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785542400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,10]],"date-time":"2026-06-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781049600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004587","name":"Carlos III Health Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DTS23\/00010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTS23\/00010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004587","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000780","name":"European Commission","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["DTS23\/00010"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["DTS23\/00010"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000780","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Emergency Nursing"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,27]],"date-time":"2026-06-27T09:24:10Z","timestamp":1782552250000},"page":"101862","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biomarkers of long-term mortality in seizure patients treated by emergency medical services: Score development and validation"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"87","author":[{"given":"Santiago Morej\u00f3n","family":"Bandr\u00e9s","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jos\u00e9 Luis Martin","family":"Conty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bego\u00f1a","family":"Polonio-L\u00f3pez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Samantha Diaz","family":"Gonzalez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cristina Rivera","family":"Pic\u00f3n","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sergio Rodr\u00edguez","family":"Ca\u00f1amero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jos\u00e9 Bernal","family":"Jim\u00e9nez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joseba","family":"Rabanales-Sotos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura Mordillo","family":"Mateos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rosa","family":"Conty-Serrano","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francisco","family":"Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ancor","family":"Sanz-Garc\u00eda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yebeh.2021.108551","article-title":"Prehospital capillary lactate in children differentiates epileptic seizure from febrile seizure, syncope, and psychogenic nonepileptic seizure","volume":"127","author":"Brody","year":"2022","journal-title":"Epilepsy Behav"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2019.03.007","article-title":"Sustained elevation of cerebrospinal fluid glucose and lactate after a single seizure does not parallel with mitochondria energy production","volume":"152","author":"Oses","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nrleng.2021.02.011","article-title":"Risk model of seizure cluster or status epilepticus and intervention in the emergency department","volume":"39","author":"Alonso","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurolog\u00eda (English Edition)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seizure.2018.03.006","article-title":"Pre-hospital ambulance care of patients following a suspected seizure: a cross sectional study","volume":"57","author":"Dickson","year":"2018","journal-title":"Seizure"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.14602","article-title":"High long-term mortality after incident status epilepticus in adults: results from a population-based study","volume":"60","author":"Rodin","year":"2019","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2015-010573","article-title":"Cross-sectional study of the prehospital management of adult patients with a suspected seizure (EPIC1)","volume":"6","author":"Dickson","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resuscitation.2018.08.028","article-title":"Can early warning scores identify deteriorating patients in pre-hospital settings? A systematic review","volume":"132","author":"Patel","year":"2018","journal-title":"Resuscitation"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1111\/epi.16806","article-title":"Prehospital lactate levels in blood as a seizure biomarker: a multi-center observational study","volume":"62","author":"Magnusson","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12873-019-0243-4","article-title":"Community paramedic point of care testing: validity and usability of two commercially available devices","volume":"19","author":"Blanchard","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMC Emerg Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-019-2663-7","article-title":"The SOFA score\u2014development, utility and challenges of accurate assessment in clinical trials","volume":"23","author":"Lambden","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajem.2021.06.042","article-title":"Time for a prehospital-modified sequential organ failure assessment score: An ambulance\u2013based cohort study","volume":"49","author":"Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Emerg Med"},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1970","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.15964","article-title":"Prehospital treatment of status epilepticus in the United States","volume":"326","author":"Guterman","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0265559","article-title":"The use of early warning system scores in prehospital and emergency department settings to predict clinical deterioration: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"17","author":"Guan","year":"2022","journal-title":"PloS One"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1097\/CCE.0000000000000386","article-title":"The modified early warning score: a useful marker of neurological worsening but unreliable predictor of sepsis in the neurocritically ill\u2014a retrospective cohort study","volume":"3","author":"Hester","year":"2021","journal-title":"Critical care explorations"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1149736","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2023.1149736","article-title":"Prehospital qSOFA, mSOFA, and NEWS2 performance for sepsis prediction: a prospective, multi-center, cohort study","volume":"10","author":"Melero-Guijarro","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/braincomms\/fcad145","article-title":"Epidemiology, real-world treatment and mortality of patients with status epilepticus in Germany: insights from a large healthcare database","volume":"5","author":"Mevius","year":"2023","journal-title":"Brain Communications"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1081757","DOI":"10.3389\/fepid.2023.1081757","article-title":"Mortality, and life expectancy in epilepsy and status epilepticus\u2014current trends and future aspects","volume":"3","author":"Trinka","year":"2023","journal-title":"Frontiers in Epidemiology"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annemergmed.2004.12.006","article-title":"Serum lactate as a predictor of mortality in emergency department patients with infection","volume":"45","author":"Shapiro","year":"2005","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aucc.2021.10.007","article-title":"Lactate improves the predictive ability of the National Early Warning Score 2 in the emergency department","volume":"35","author":"Durantez-Fern\u00e1ndez","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aust Crit Care"},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/eci.13341","article-title":"Accuracy of prehospital point-of-care lactate in early in-hospital mortality","volume":"50","author":"Mart\u00edn-Rodr\u00edguez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0105","first-page":"1","article-title":"Prediction of blood lactate values in critically ill patients: a retrospective multi-center cohort study","author":"Mamandipoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Monit Comput"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.7326\/M14-0697","article-title":"Transparent reporting of a multivariable prediction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis (TRIPOD): the TRIPOD statement","volume":"162","author":"Collins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1038\/s41746-024-01194-6","article-title":"Clinical phenotypes and short-term outcomes based on prehospital point-of-care testing and on-scene vital signs","volume":"7","author":"L\u00f3pez-Izquierdo","year":"2024","journal-title":"npj Digit Med"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"600","DOI":"10.3390\/neurolint14030048","article-title":"Sudden unexpected death in epilepsy","volume":"14","author":"O\u2019Neal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurology International"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2022.0609","article-title":"Prediction of long-term survival after status epilepticus using the ACD score","volume":"79","author":"Roberg","year":"2022","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0130","article-title":"Trends in epilepsy mortality of three incidence cohorts across 2006-2023 in Sweden: a matched register-based study","volume":"56","author":"Zelano","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Eur"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2021.106586","article-title":"Increased mortality after post-stroke epilepsy following primary intracerebral hemorrhage","volume":"172","author":"Lahti","year":"2021","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1007\/s10072-021-05305-z","article-title":"Red blood cell distribution width predicts in-hospital mortality in patients with a primary diagnosis of seizures in the ICU: a retrospective database study","volume":"43","author":"She","year":"2022","journal-title":"Neurol Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fneur.2021.636045","article-title":"Seizure clusters: morbidity and mortality","volume":"12","author":"Bauman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Neurol"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"779","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002253","article-title":"Recognizing and preventing epilepsy-related mortality: a call for action","volume":"86","author":"Devinsky","year":"2016","journal-title":"Neurology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eplepsyres.2017.03.009","article-title":"Long-term outcome of refractory status epilepticus in adults: a retrospective population-based study","volume":"133","author":"Kantanen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Res"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaneurol.2023.0611","article-title":"Association of mortality and risk of epilepsy with type of acute symptomatic seizure after ischemic stroke and an updated prognostic model","volume":"80","author":"Sinka","year":"2023","journal-title":"JAMA Neurol"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18531","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-45818-5","article-title":"Hemoglobin as a prognostic marker for neurological outcomes in post-cardiac arrest patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"13","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0170","first-page":"6501272","article-title":"Serum anion gap predicts all-cause mortality in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury: analysis of the MIMIC-III database","volume":"2020","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dis Markers"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcla.24818","article-title":"The association between serum anion gap and all-cause mortality of unselected adult patients: a retrospective cohort study of> 20,000 patients","volume":"37","author":"Ji","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Lab Anal"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1186\/s13049-025-01329-y","article-title":"Point-of-care tests in the emergency medical services: a scoping review","volume":"33","author":"Moore","year":"2025","journal-title":"Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"Albumin corrected anion gap and clinical outcomes in elderly patients with acute kidney injury caused or accompanied by sepsis: a MIMIC-IV retrospective study","volume":"30","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Med Res"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1053\/j.akdh.2022.12.006","article-title":"Urinary ammonium in clinical medicine: direct measurement and the urine anion gap as a surrogate marker during metabolic acidosis","volume":"30","author":"Rehman","year":"2023","journal-title":"Advances in Kidney Disease and Health"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16670","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-43928-8","article-title":"Serum anion gap is associated with mortality in intensive care unit patients with diastolic heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s11910-018-0815-9","article-title":"Systemic complications following status epilepticus","volume":"18","author":"Hawkes","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2025.108489","article-title":"Association of serum anion gap with 28-day mortality in critically ill patients with pneumothorax: a retrospective cohort study utilizing the MIMIC-IV database","volume":"249","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"Respir Med"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1208626","article-title":"Bleeding and coagulopathies in critical care","volume":"370","author":"Hunt","year":"2014","journal-title":"New England Journal of Medicine"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euad087","article-title":"In atrial fibrillation epilepsy risk differs between oral anticoagulants: active comparator, nested case-control study","volume":"25","author":"Platzbecker","year":"2023","journal-title":"Europace"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s42466-021-00161-w","article-title":"Seizures and epilepsy in patients with ischaemic stroke","volume":"3","author":"Z\u00f6llner","year":"2021","journal-title":"Neurol Res Pract"}],"container-title":["International Emergency Nursing"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755599X26001217?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S1755599X26001217?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T07:25:19Z","timestamp":1783409119000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S1755599X26001217"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"references-count":44,"alternative-id":["S1755599X26001217"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862","relation":{},"ISSN":["1755-599X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1755-599X","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biomarkers of long-term mortality in seizure patients treated by emergency medical services: Score development and validation","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Emergency Nursing","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ienj.2026.101862","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"101862"}}