{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:23:11Z","timestamp":1765758191701},"reference-count":40,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2006,10,1]],"date-time":"2006-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1159660800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,8,25]],"date-time":"2006-08-25T15:50:19Z","timestamp":1156521019000},"page":"325-332","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Investigating the association between antibiotic use and antibiotic resistance: impact of different methods of categorising prior antibiotic use"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"28","author":[{"given":"Heather","family":"MacAdam","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Theoklis E.","family":"Zaoutis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Leanne B.","family":"Gasink","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Warren B.","family":"Bilker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ebbing","family":"Lautenbach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib1","series-title":"Microbial threats to health: emergence, detection, and response","author":"Smolinski","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro798","article-title":"Can better prescribing turn the tide of resistance?","volume":"2","author":"Livermore","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"794","DOI":"10.3201\/eid1106.050167","article-title":"Antimicrobial resistance determinants and future control","volume":"11","author":"Harbarth","year":"2005","journal-title":"Emerg Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"426S","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.119.2_suppl.426S","article-title":"Antibiotic utilization: is there an effect on antimicrobial resistance?","volume":"119","author":"Patterson","year":"2001","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-136-11-200206040-00013","article-title":"The commonality of risk factors for nosocomial colonization and infection with antimicrobial-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, enterococcus, gram-negative bacilli, Clostridium difficile, and Candida","volume":"136","author":"Safdar","year":"2002","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1086\/422002","article-title":"The role of the intestinal tract as a reservoir and source for transmission of nosocomial pathogens","volume":"39","author":"Donskey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1162","DOI":"10.1086\/319757","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae: risk factors for infection and impact of resistance on outcomes","volume":"32","author":"Lautenbach","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib8","series-title":"The Sanford guide to antimicrobial therapy","author":"Gilbert","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib9","series-title":"The use of antibiotics: a clinical review of antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral drugs","author":"Kucers","year":"1997"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib10","series-title":"Principles and practice of infectious diseases","author":"Mandell","year":"2004"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(96)00025-X","article-title":"Inappropriate use of bivariable analysis to screen risk factors for use in multivariable analysis","volume":"49","author":"Sun","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Clin Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115101","article-title":"The impact of confounder selection criteria on effect estimation","volume":"129","author":"Mickey","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2004-1289","article-title":"Risk factors for and outcomes of bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species in children","volume":"115","author":"Zaoutis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-1-200401060-00008","article-title":"International prospective study of Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteremia: implications of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase production in nosocomial infections","volume":"40","author":"Paterson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-003-1084-2","article-title":"Risk factors for the development of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing bacteria in nonhospitalized patients","volume":"23","author":"Colodner","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1373","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a neonatal intensive care unit: risk factors for infection and colonization","volume":"53","author":"Pessoa-Silva","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1331","article-title":"Risk factors in the acquisition of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase Klebsiella pneumoniae: a case\u2013control study in a district teaching hospital in Taiwan","volume":"53","author":"Lin","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"254","DOI":"10.1086\/502045","article-title":"Extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella species: risk factors for colonization and impact of antimicrobial formulary interventions on colonization prevalence","volume":"23","author":"Bisson","year":"2002","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1481","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.46.5.1481-1491.2002","article-title":"Bloodstream infections by extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae in children: epidemiology and clinical outcome","volume":"46","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1718","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1521-1","article-title":"Extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bloodstream infection: risk factors and clinical outcome","volume":"28","author":"Du","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1288","article-title":"Clinical implications of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2000.0862","article-title":"An outbreak of hospital-acquired Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia, including strains producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamase","volume":"47","author":"Pena","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1368","DOI":"10.1086\/317474","article-title":"Characterization of an outbreak due to extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae in a pediatric unit transplant population","volume":"31","author":"Rebuck","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2672.2000.00989.x","article-title":"A 5-year epidemiological study of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in a medium- and long-stay neurological unit","volume":"88","author":"Mangeney","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Appl Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.281.6.517","article-title":"Multiple antibiotic-resistant Klebsiella and Escherichia coli in nursing homes","volume":"281","author":"Wiener","year":"1999","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1086\/514643","article-title":"Spread of extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Klebsiella pneumoniae: are \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors of therapeutic value?","volume":"27","author":"Piroth","year":"1998","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.42.1.53","article-title":"Epidemiology and successful control of a large outbreak due to Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamases","volume":"42","author":"Pena","year":"1998","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0195-6701(97)90163-8","article-title":"Risk factors for faecal carriage of Klebsiella pneumoniae producing extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase (ESBL-KP) in the intensive care unit","volume":"35","author":"Pena","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/22.3.430","article-title":"Outbreak of multiply resistant enterobacteriaceae in an intensive care unit: epidemiology and risk factors for acquisition","volume":"22","author":"Lucet","year":"1996","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"529","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/174.3.529","article-title":"Ceftazidime-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli bloodstream infection: a case\u2013control and molecular epidemiologic investigation","volume":"174","author":"Schiappa","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2887","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.27.12.2887-2890.1989","article-title":"Prospective survey of colonization and infection caused by expanded-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing members of the family enterobacteriaceae in an intensive care unit","volume":"27","author":"DeChamps","year":"1989","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1055","DOI":"10.1086\/319600","article-title":"Methodological principles of case\u2013control studies that analyzed risk factors for antibiotic resistance: a systematic review","volume":"32","author":"Harris","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.1086\/502550","article-title":"The case\u2013case\u2013control study design: addressing the limitations of risk factor studies for antimicrobial resistance","volume":"26","author":"Kaye","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1086\/502548","article-title":"Methodologic issues of case\u2013control studies: a review of established and newly recognized limitations","volume":"26","author":"D\u2019Agata","year":"2005","journal-title":"Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.34.1.173","article-title":"In vitro emergence of quinolone-resistant mutants of Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens","volume":"34","author":"Watanabe","year":"1990","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1086\/381549","article-title":"Longitudinal trends in fluoroquinolone resistance among Enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients and outpatients (1989\u20132000): differences in the emergence and epidemiology of resistance across organisms","volume":"38","author":"Lautenbach","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200012283432604","article-title":"Effect of antibiotic therapy on the density of vancomycin-resistant enterococci in the stool of colonized patients","volume":"343","author":"Donskey","year":"2000","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"326","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.48.1.326-328.2004","article-title":"Effect of parenteral fluoroquinolone administration on persistence of vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium in the mouse gastrointestinal tract","volume":"48","author":"Donskey","year":"2004","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2162","DOI":"10.1086\/425580","article-title":"In vitro antienterococcal activity explains associations between exposures to antimicrobial agents and risk of colonization by multiresistant enterococci","volume":"190","author":"Rice","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.1086\/382086","article-title":"\u03b2-Lactam antibiotics and gastrointestinal colonization with vancomycin-resistant enterococci","volume":"189","author":"Rice","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092485790600224X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092485790600224X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2020,4,18]],"date-time":"2020-04-18T00:24:22Z","timestamp":1587169462000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092485790600224X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]},"references-count":40,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}},"alternative-id":["S092485790600224X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.04.014","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-8579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2006,10]]}}}