{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,27]],"date-time":"2026-07-27T12:19:50Z","timestamp":1785154790416,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2007,1,1]],"date-time":"2007-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1167609600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2006,11,30]],"date-time":"2006-11-30T15:10:51Z","timestamp":1164899451000},"page":"3-8","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"title":["The 50th anniversary of the discovery of 6-aminopenicillanic acid (6-APA)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"29","author":[{"given":"G.N.","family":"Rolinson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A.M.","family":"Geddes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)57197-0","article-title":"Biosynthesis of penicillin. IV. New crystalline biosynthetic penicillins","volume":"175","author":"Behrens","year":"1948","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib2","first-page":"11","article-title":"Ein s\u00e4urestabil biosynthetisches Penicillin","volume":"55","author":"Brandl","year":"1954","journal-title":"\u00d6sterreichische Chemiker-Zeitung"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib3","series-title":"Chemistry of penicillin","author":"Coghill","year":"1949"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"180","DOI":"10.1038\/183180a0","article-title":"Penicillin derivatives of p-aminobenzyl-penicillin","volume":"183","author":"Ballio","year":"1959","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"589","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/41.6.589","article-title":"Forty years of \u03b2-lactam research","volume":"41","author":"Rolinson","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1038\/183257b0","article-title":"Synthesis of penicillin: 6-aminopenicillanic acid in penicillin fermentations","volume":"183","author":"Batchelor","year":"1959","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib7","first-page":"130","article-title":"Occurrence of penicillin-nucleus in culture broths","volume":"6","author":"Kato","year":"1953","journal-title":"J Antibiot (Tokyo)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib8","first-page":"411","article-title":"A new enzyme, penicillin-amidase","volume":"23","author":"Sakaguchi","year":"1950","journal-title":"J Agric Chem Soc (Japan)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib9","first-page":"400","article-title":"Studies on penicillin amidase","volume":"29","author":"Murao","year":"1955","journal-title":"J Agric Chem Soc (Japan)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/187236a0","article-title":"Formation of 6-aminopenicillanic acid from penicillin by enzymatic hydrolysis","volume":"187","author":"Rolinson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00638300","article-title":"Enzymatische spaltung and resynthese von Penicillin","volume":"47","author":"Kaufmann","year":"1969","journal-title":"Naturwissenschaften"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1038\/187237a0","article-title":"Bacterial penicillin amidase","volume":"187","author":"Claridge","year":"1960","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3790","DOI":"10.1021\/ja01499a083","article-title":"Enzymatic hydrolysis of the side chain of penicillins","volume":"82","author":"Huang","year":"1960","journal-title":"J Am Chem Soc"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.4986.217","article-title":"Antibiotics versus staphylococci","volume":"2","author":"Garrod","year":"1956","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"452","DOI":"10.1126\/science.99.2579.452","article-title":"Extraction of a highly potent penicillin inactivator from penicillin resistant staphylococci","volume":"99","author":"Kirby","year":"1944","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(60)91642-1","article-title":"Bacteriological studies on a new penicillin\u2014BRL 1241","volume":"ii","author":"Rolinson","year":"1960","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkl046","article-title":"In vitro activity of temocillin against extended spectrum \u03b2-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli","volume":"57","author":"Rodriguez-Villalobos","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl. 9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S727","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/13.Supplement_9.S727","article-title":"Evolution of \u03b2-lactamase inhibitors","volume":"13","author":"Rolinson","year":"1991","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Geddes AM, Murdoch JM. Ampicillin in the treatment of paratyphoid fever\u2014a comparative trial. In: Report of the Proceedings of an International Conference on Therapy with New Penicillins. The Fellowship of Postgraduate Medicine; 1964.","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.40.Suppl.81"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"700","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5200.700","article-title":"Absorption and excretion of a new antibiotic (BRL 1241)","volume":"2","author":"Knudsen","year":"1960","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(62)92542-4","article-title":"A new orally effective penicillinase-stable penicillin\u2014BRL 1621","volume":"ii","author":"Knudsen","year":"1962","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib22","first-page":"368","article-title":"Flucloxacillin (Floxapen): a new isoxazolyl penicillin. Hospital clinical trials","author":"Harding","year":"1970","journal-title":"Clin Trials J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1742-1241.1972.tb05006.x","article-title":"Amoxycillin\u2014pharmacology, bacteriology and clinical studies","volume":"26","author":"Kosmidis","year":"1972","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pract"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.3.5557.75","article-title":"Carbenicillin: a new semisynthetic penicillin active against Pseudomonas pyocyanea","volume":"3","author":"Knudsen","year":"1967","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"457","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.8.4.457","article-title":"Comparative in vitro activity and clinical pharmacology of ticarcillin and carbenicillin","volume":"8","author":"Neu","year":"1975","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/4.3.255","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of piperacillin following intravenous administration","volume":"4","author":"Evans","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/5.5.517","article-title":"Mezlocillin and azlocillin: an evaluation of two new \u03b2-lactam antibiotics","volume":"5","author":"Ellis","year":"1979","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(80)91118-6","article-title":"Clavulanic acid and amoxycillin: a clinical, bacteriological, and pharmacological study","volume":"1","author":"Ball","year":"1980","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1238","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.2.5419.1238","article-title":"Clinical trial of cephaloridine (Ceporin), a new broad-spectrum antibiotic derived from cephalosporin C","volume":"5419","author":"Murdoch","year":"1964","journal-title":"Br Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"214","DOI":"10.1159\/000237842","article-title":"Studies with cefuroxime: a new beta-lactamase resistant cephalosporin","volume":"25","author":"Ball","year":"1979","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1152","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(82)92228-0","article-title":"Ceftazidime\u2014a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin","volume":"88","author":"Gozzard","year":"1982","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/7.4.405","article-title":"Cefotaxime\u2014a clinical study","volume":"7","author":"McKendrick","year":"1981","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl. B","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/4.suppl_B.151","article-title":"Cefoxitin in abdominal sepsis","volume":"4","author":"Geddes","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S490","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/7.Supplement_3.S490","article-title":"Imipenem\/cilastatin in the treatment of serious bacterial infections","volume":"7","author":"Chiodini","year":"1985","journal-title":"Rev Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924857906003797?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924857906003797?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,9]],"date-time":"2023-05-09T21:33:58Z","timestamp":1683668038000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924857906003797"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924857906003797"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2006.09.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-8579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2007,1]]}}}