{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,24]],"date-time":"2026-10-24T01:35:51Z","timestamp":1792805751013,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2012,8,1]],"date-time":"2012-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1343779200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2012,6,21]],"date-time":"2012-06-21T21:10:06Z","timestamp":1340313006000},"page":"95-102","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":72,"title":["Antiviral therapy: old and current issues"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"40","author":[{"given":"Guido","family":"Antonelli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ombretta","family":"Turriziani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5716","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.74.12.5716","article-title":"Selectivity of action of an antiherpetic agent, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl) guanine","volume":"74","author":"Elion","year":"1977","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8721","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)34236-9","article-title":"Thymidine kinase from herpes simplex virus phosphorylates the new antiviral compound, 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine","volume":"253","author":"Fyfe","year":"1978","journal-title":"J Biol Chem"},{"issue":"Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"A101","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/133.Supplement_2.A101","article-title":"Treatment of infections due to herpesvirus in humans: a critical review of the state of the art","volume":"133","author":"Alford","year":"1976","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199904223401608","article-title":"Antiviral drugs","volume":"340","author":"Balfour","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S25","DOI":"10.1097\/00002030-199409001-00006","article-title":"HIV therapy advances. Update on a proteinase inhibitor","volume":"8","author":"Vella","year":"1994","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"853","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803263381301","article-title":"Declining morbidity and mortality among patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection. HIV Outpatient Study Investigators","volume":"338","author":"Palella","year":"1998","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1001","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2424","article-title":"The design of drugs for HIV and HCV","volume":"6","author":"De Clercq","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-pharmtox-010510-100228","article-title":"A 40-year journey in search of selective antiviral chemotherapy","volume":"51","author":"De Clercq","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Pharmacol Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"975","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd2422","article-title":"Interferons at age 50: past, current and future impact on biomedicine","volume":"6","author":"Borden","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0050","first-page":"305","article-title":"Biological basis for a proper clinical application of \u03b1 interferons","volume":"31","author":"Antonelli","year":"2008","journal-title":"New Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)61052-6","article-title":"HIV entry inhibitors","volume":"370","author":"Est\u00e9","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.07.022","article-title":"Entry inhibitors in the treatment of HIV-1 infection","volume":"85","author":"Tilton","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2377","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e328332d32d","article-title":"When and how to use maraviroc in HIV-infected patients","volume":"23","author":"Soriano","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.coph.2010.04.013","article-title":"Pharmacotherapy of respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"10","author":"Welliver","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr Opin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"296","DOI":"10.1007\/s12519-010-0230-z","article-title":"Treatment of respiratory syncytial virus with palivizumab: a systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2010","journal-title":"World J Pediatr"},{"issue":"Suppl. 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3109\/14767058.2010.506757","article-title":"Palivizumab prophylaxis in \u2018late preterm\u2019 newborns","volume":"23","author":"Lanari","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1331","article-title":"Enfuvirtide: the first therapy to inhibit the entry of HIV-1 into host CD4 lymphocytes","volume":"3","author":"Matthews","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S1075-8593(06)05005-2","article-title":"CCR5 antagonists for the treatment of HIV infection and AIDS","volume":"5","author":"Perros","year":"2007","journal-title":"Adv Antiviral Drug Design"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"305","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-199958020-00009","article-title":"Palivizumab","volume":"58","author":"Scott","year":"1999","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1126\/science.144.3620.862","article-title":"Antiviral activity of 1-adamantanamine (amantadine)","volume":"144","author":"Davies","year":"1964","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"517","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(92)90452-I","article-title":"Influenza virus M2 protein has ion channel activity","volume":"69","author":"Pinto","year":"1992","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/0092-8674(91)90576-K","article-title":"Nuclear transport of influenza virus ribonucleoproteins: the viral matrix protein (M1) promotes export and inhibits import","volume":"67","author":"Martin","year":"1991","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"Suppl. B","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/18.Supplement_B.19","article-title":"Molecular basis of resistance of influenza A viruses to amantadine","volume":"18","author":"Hay","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.2174\/138161206776361156","article-title":"Antiviral therapy targeting viral polymerase","volume":"12","author":"Tsai","year":"2006","journal-title":"Curr Pharm Des"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198406143102401","article-title":"Suppression of frequently recurring genital herpes. A placebo-controlled double-blind trial of oral acyclovir","volume":"310","author":"Straus","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1551","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198406143102402","article-title":"A double-blind study of oral acyclovir for suppression of recurrences of genital herpes simplex 3 virus infection","volume":"310","author":"Douglas","year":"1984","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198707233170401","article-title":"The efficacy of azidothymidine (AZT) in the treatment of patients with AIDS and AIDS-related complex. A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"317","author":"Fischl","year":"1987","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"issue":"5 Suppl.","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S112","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.22920","article-title":"Benefits and risks of nucleoside analog therapy for hepatitis B","volume":"49","author":"Dienstag","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hepatology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1065","article-title":"Antiherpesvirus drugs: a promising spectrum of new drugs and drug targets","volume":"2","author":"Coen","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1002359","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pcbi.1002359","article-title":"HIV-1 polymerase inhibition by nucleoside analogs: cellular- and kinetic parameters of efficacy, susceptibility and resistance selection","volume":"8","author":"von Kleist","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS Comput Biol"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.1890410503","article-title":"Acyclovir: discovery, mechanism of action and selectivity","author":"Elion","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(82)90305-7","article-title":"Phosphorylation of acyclovir diphosphate by cellular enzymes","volume":"31","author":"Miller","year":"1982","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.2174\/1568026043388358","article-title":"Biochemical and mechanistic basis for the activity of nucleoside analogue inhibitors of HIV reverse transcriptase","volume":"4","author":"Painter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Curr Top Med Chem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1877","article-title":"Acyclic nucleoside phosphonates: a key class of antiviral drugs","volume":"4","author":"De Clercq","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.624","article-title":"The history of antiretrovirals: key discoveries over the past 25 years","volume":"19","author":"De Clercq","year":"2009","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.09.008","article-title":"Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NNRTIs), their discovery, development, and use in the treatment of HIV-1 infection: a review of the last 20 years (1989\u20132009)","volume":"85","author":"de B\u00e9thune","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1783","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1377403","article-title":"Crystal structure at 3.5\u00c5 resolution of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase complexed with an inhibitor","volume":"256","author":"Kohlstaedt","year":"1992","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1M359","article-title":"Nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance and the role of the second-generation agents","volume":"44","author":"Adams","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"692","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2009.04.020","article-title":"Etravirine: a second-generation nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) active against NNRTI-resistant strains of HIV","volume":"31","author":"Schiller","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-0348-8171-5_2","article-title":"Pleiotropic mechanisms of ribavirin antiviral activities","volume":"59","author":"Hong","year":"2002","journal-title":"Prog Drug Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e27866","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0027866","article-title":"Ribavirin enhances IFN-\u03b1 signalling and MxA expression: a novel immune modulation mechanism during treatment of HCV","volume":"6","author":"Stevenson","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1126\/science.287.5453.646","article-title":"Inhibitors of strand transfer that prevent integration and inhibit HIV-1 replication in cells","volume":"287","author":"Hazuda","year":"2000","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1660","article-title":"Integrase inhibitors to treat HIV\/AIDS","volume":"4","author":"Pommier","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Rev Drug Discov"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1261","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(07)60597-2","article-title":"Safety and efficacy of the HIV-1 integrase inhibitor raltegravir (MK-0518) in treatment-experienced patients with multidrug-resistant virus: a phase II randomised controlled trial","volume":"369","author":"Grinsztejn","year":"2007","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.3851\/IMP1397","article-title":"Elvitegravir: a new HIV integrase inhibitor","volume":"20","author":"Shimura","year":"2009","journal-title":"Antivir Chem Chemother"},{"issue":"Suppl. 2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S160","DOI":"10.1086\/313853","article-title":"HIV-1 protease inhibitors","volume":"30","author":"Eron","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.11.007","article-title":"Tipranavir: the first nonpeptidic protease inhibitor for the treatment of protease resistance","volume":"29","author":"Luna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1559","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinthera.2007.08.016","article-title":"Darunavir: a nonpeptidic antiretroviral protease inhibitor","volume":"29","author":"McCoy","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1827","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806104","article-title":"Telaprevir with peginterferon and ribavirin for chronic HCV genotype 1 infection","volume":"360","author":"McHutchison","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)60934-8","article-title":"Efficacy of boceprevir, an NS3 protease inhibitor, in combination with peginterferon alfa-2b and ribavirin in treatment-naive patients with genotype 1 hepatitis C infection (SPRINT-1): an open-label, randomised, multicentre phase 2 trial","volume":"376","author":"Kwo","year":"2010","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"881","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2011.05.046","article-title":"Telaprevir alone or with peginterferon and ribavirin reduces HCV RNA in patients with chronic genotype 2 but not genotype 3 infections","volume":"141","author":"Foster","year":"2011","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2893.2011.01526.x","article-title":"New developments in HCV therapy","volume":"19","author":"Kronenberger","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Viral Hepat"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199709253371302","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of the neuraminidase inhibitor zanamivir in the treatment of influenza virus infections. GG167 Influenza Study Group","volume":"337","author":"Hayden","year":"1997","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(99)11433-8","article-title":"Influenza virus neuraminidase inhibitors","volume":"355","author":"Gubareva","year":"2000","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1687","DOI":"10.1002\/pro.5560031007","article-title":"Influenza virus neuraminidase: structure, antibodies, and inhibitors","volume":"3","author":"Colman","year":"1994","journal-title":"Protein Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.3390\/v3040347","article-title":"Clinical management of HIV drug resistance","volume":"3","author":"Cortez","year":"2011","journal-title":"Viruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1518","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2010.03329.x","article-title":"Resistant viral variants in cellular reservoirs of human immunodeficiency virus infection","volume":"16","author":"Turriziani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3879","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0800050105","article-title":"Low-level viremia persists for at least 7 years in patients on suppressive antiretroviral therapy","volume":"105","author":"Palmer","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci USA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0295","first-page":"104","article-title":"What do we need to do to cure HIV infection","volume":"18","author":"Siliciano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Top HIV Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"798","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro2223","article-title":"Understanding HIV-1 latency provides clues for the eradication of long-term reservoirs","volume":"7","author":"Coiras","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1304","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1165706","article-title":"The challenge of finding a cure for HIV infection","volume":"323","author":"Richman","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0310","unstructured":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Achievements in public health reduction in perinatal transmission of HIV infection\u2014United States, 1985\u20132005. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2006;55:592\u20137."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S5","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3181f9c1f0","article-title":"Expanded highly active antiretroviral therapy coverage among HIV-positive drug users to improve individual and public health outcomes","volume":"55","author":"Montaner","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2587","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205","article-title":"Preexposure chemoprophylaxis for HIV prevention in men who have sex with men","volume":"363","author":"Grant","year":"2010","journal-title":"New Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2125.2010.03784.x","article-title":"Hypersensitivity reactions to HIV therapy","volume":"71","author":"Chaponda","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.antiviral.2009.09.001","article-title":"Pharmacogenetics of antiretrovirals","volume":"85","author":"Tozzi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Antiviral Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1517\/17425250903483207","article-title":"Efavirenz in the therapy of HIV infection","volume":"6","author":"Rakhmanina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1310\/4CCJ-KT1T-H6PV-NLFC","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring in HIV treatment: a literature review","volume":"7","author":"Wertheimer","year":"2006","journal-title":"HIV Clin Trials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0345","first-page":"CD007268","article-title":"Therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretrovirals for people with HIV","author":"Kredo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1086\/524709","article-title":"A deletion in the chemokine receptor 5 (CCR5) gene is associated with tickborne encephalitis","volume":"197","author":"Kindberg","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexcr.2011.01.009","article-title":"Chemokine control of West Nile virus infection","volume":"317","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Exp Cell Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"731","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1265","article-title":"Disabling poxvirus pathogenesis by inhibition of Abl-family tyrosine kinases","volume":"11","author":"Reeves","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"379","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI200523220","article-title":"Antiviral chemotherapy facilitates control of poxvirus infections through inhibition of cellular signal transduction","volume":"115","author":"Yang","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.1663","article-title":"Human hematopoietic stem\/progenitor cells modified by zinc-finger nucleases targeted to CCR5 control HIV-1 in vivo","volume":"28","author":"Holt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2011.087","article-title":"Zinc-finger nucleases for somatic gene therapy: the next frontier","volume":"22","author":"Rahman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Hum Gene Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"849","DOI":"10.1038\/mt.2011.310","article-title":"Zinc-finger nuclease editing of human cxcr4 promotes HIV-1 CD4+ T cell resistance and enrichment","volume":"20","author":"Yuan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mol Ther"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.08.013","article-title":"Restriction of retroviral replication by APOBEC3G\/F and TRIM5\u03b1","volume":"16","author":"Huthoff","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1358\/dnp.2008.21.2.1188193","article-title":"The antiviral activity of Toll-like receptor 7 and 7\/8 agonists","volume":"21","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drug News Perspect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1395","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt1207-1395","article-title":"Antivirals become a broader enterprise","volume":"25","author":"Fox","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0226","article-title":"Monoclonal antibody-based candidate therapeutics against HIV type 1","volume":"28","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0405","first-page":"301","article-title":"RNA-based gene therapy for the treatment and prevention of HIV: from bench to bedside","volume":"84","author":"Zeller","year":"2011","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1002\/rmv.705","article-title":"Countering hepatitis B virus infection using RNAi: how far are we from the clinic?","volume":"21","author":"Ivacik","year":"2011","journal-title":"Rev Med Virol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"762","DOI":"10.1038\/nm1777","article-title":"Dose\u2013response curve slope sets class-specific limits on inhibitory potential of anti-HIV drugs","volume":"14","author":"Shen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nat Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005_bib0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/nm.2649","article-title":"A quantitative basis for antiretroviral therapy for HIV-1 infection","volume":"18","author":"Jilek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat Med"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092485791200163X?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S092485791200163X?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,19]],"date-time":"2022-01-19T07:42:36Z","timestamp":1642578156000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S092485791200163X"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]},"references-count":84,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S092485791200163X"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.04.005","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-8579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2012,8]]}}}