{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,3]],"date-time":"2026-11-03T06:38:08Z","timestamp":1793687888531,"version":"4.5.1"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,4,1]],"date-time":"2013-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1364774400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,2,12]],"date-time":"2013-02-12T03:31:34Z","timestamp":1360639894000},"page":"301-310","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":106,"title":["\u03b2-Lactam plus aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone combination versus \u03b2-lactam monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A meta-analysis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"41","author":[{"given":"Konstantinos Z.","family":"Vardakas","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Giannoula S.","family":"Tansarli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ioannis A.","family":"Bliziotis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Matthew E.","family":"Falagas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18","DOI":"10.1053\/jhin.2002.1329","article-title":"Reappraisal of attributable mortality in critically ill patients with nosocomial bacteraemia involving Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"53","author":"Blot","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Hosp Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.2.607","article-title":"Hospital mortality for patients with bacteremia due to Staphylococcus aureus or Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"125","author":"Osmon","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.200405-644ST","article-title":"Infectious Diseases Society of America, Guidelines for the management of adults with hospital-acquired, ventilator-associated, and healthcare-associated pneumonia","volume":"171","author":"American Thoracic Society","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am J Respir Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90490-0","article-title":"Aminoglycosides plus \u03b2-lactams against Gram-negative organisms. Evaluation of in vitro synergy and chemical interactions","volume":"80","author":"Giamarellou","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.25.4.534","article-title":"In vitro synergistic activities of aminoglycosides and new \u03b2-lactams against multiresistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa","volume":"25","author":"Giamarellou","year":"1984","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0030","first-page":"53","article-title":"Efficacy of single-agent therapy with azlocillin, ticarcillin, and amikacin and \u03b2-lactam\/amikacin combinations for treatment of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in granulocytopenic rats","volume":"80","author":"Johnson","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/17.suppl_A.11","article-title":"Emergence of resistance after therapy with antibiotics used alone or combined in a murine model","volume":"17","author":"Pech\u00e8re","year":"1986","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"491","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2010.11.029","article-title":"Clinical implications of \u03b2-lactam\u2013aminoglycoside synergism: systematic review of randomised trials","volume":"37","author":"Marcus","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Antimicrob Agents"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"668","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.38028.520995.63","article-title":"\u03b2 Lactam monotherapy versus \u03b2 lactam\u2013aminoglycoside combination therapy for sepsis in immunocompetent patients: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised trials","volume":"328","author":"Paul","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1111","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.326.7399.1111","article-title":"\u03b2 Lactam monotherapy versus \u03b2 lactam\u2013aminoglycoside combination therapy for fever with neutropenia: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"326","author":"Paul","year":"2003","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(04)01108-9","article-title":"Does combination antimicrobial therapy reduce mortality in Gram-negative bacteraemia? A meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Safdar","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)01085-X","article-title":"Does quality of reports of randomised trials affect estimates of intervention efficacy reported in meta-analyses?","volume":"352","author":"Moher","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e26470","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0026470","article-title":"Impact of definitive therapy with \u03b2-lactam monotherapy or combination with an aminoglycoside or a quinolone for Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia","volume":"6","author":"Bliziotis","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1621","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1985.00360090089015","article-title":"Pseudomonas bacteremia. Retrospective analysis of 410 episodes","volume":"145","author":"Bodey","year":"1985","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.160.4.501","article-title":"Recent experience with Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with cancer: retrospective analysis of 245 episodes","volume":"160","author":"Chatzinikolaou","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.2174\/157488408784293660","article-title":"Efficacy and safety evaluation of fixed dose combination of cefepime and amikacin in comparison with cefepime alone in treatment of nosocomial pneumonia patients","volume":"3","author":"Chaudhary","year":"2008","journal-title":"Curr Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1309","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.38.6.1309","article-title":"Prospective randomized comparison of imipenem monotherapy with imipenem plus netilmicin for treatment of severe infections in nonneutropenic patients","volume":"38","author":"Cometta","year":"1994","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1295","DOI":"10.1086\/322646","article-title":"A multicenter, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial comparing piperacillin\u2013tazobactam with and without amikacin as empiric therapy for febrile neutropenia","volume":"33","author":"Del Favero","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-6-52","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infections: risk factors and treatment outcome related to expression of the PER-1 extended-spectrum \u03b2-lactamase","volume":"6","author":"Endimiani","year":"2006","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"issue":"Suppl. A","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/12.suppl_A.101","article-title":"A randomized study of ceftazidime compared to ceftazidime and tobramycin for the treatment of infections in cancer patients","volume":"12","author":"Fainstein","year":"1983","journal-title":"J Antimicrob Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1888","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000275389.31974.22","article-title":"Optimal management therapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa ventilator-associated pneumonia: an observational, multicenter study comparing monotherapy with combination antibiotic therapy","volume":"35","author":"Garnacho-Montero","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(86)90258-5","article-title":"Aztreonam therapy in neutropenic patients with cancer","volume":"81","author":"Jones","year":"1986","journal-title":"Am J Med"},{"issue":"Suppl. 4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S185","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01645868","article-title":"Ceftazidime with and without tobramycin versus azlocillin plus tobramycin in the therapy of bronchopulmonary infections in intensive care patients [in German]","volume":"15","author":"Kljucar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Infection"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"701","DOI":"10.1007\/s100960050164","article-title":"Factors associated with improved outcome of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in a Finnish university hospital","volume":"17","author":"Kuikka","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1773","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181eb3ccd","article-title":"Early combination antibiotic therapy yields improved survival compared with monotherapy in septic shock: a propensity-matched analysis","volume":"38","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1127","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.41.5.1127","article-title":"Monotherapy versus \u03b2-lactam\u2013aminoglycoside combination treatment for Gram-negative bacteremia: a prospective, observational study","volume":"41","author":"Leibovici","year":"1997","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1093\/clinids\/18.6.886","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in patients with AIDS","volume":"18","author":"Mendelson","year":"1994","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1306","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.49.4.1306-1311.2005","article-title":"Pseudomonas aeruginosa bloodstream infection: importance of appropriate initial antimicrobial treatment","volume":"49","author":"Micek","year":"2005","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"870","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.26.6.870","article-title":"Single-drug versus combination empirical therapy for Gram-negative bacillary infections in febrile cancer patients with and without granulocytopenia","volume":"26","author":"Piccart","year":"1984","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.1992.00400140037010","article-title":"A comparison of imipenem to ceftazidime with or without amikacin as empiric therapy in febrile neutropenic patients","volume":"152","author":"Rolston","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Todeschini G, Franchini M, Tecchio C, Meneghini V, Pizzolo G, Veneri D et al. Improved prognosis of Pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteremia in 127 consecutive neutropenic patients with hematologic malignancies. Int J Infect Dis 1998\u20131999;3:99\u2013104.","DOI":"10.1016\/S1201-9712(99)90017-6"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1651","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181e96b91","article-title":"A survival benefit of combination antibiotic therapy for serious infections associated with sepsis and septic shock is contingent only on the risk of death: a meta-analytic\/meta-regression study","volume":"38","author":"Kumar","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x","article-title":"Multidrug-resistant, extensively drug-resistant and pandrug-resistant bacteria: an international expert proposal for interim standard definitions for acquired resistance","volume":"18","author":"Magiorakos","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3556","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00329-06","article-title":"Randomized, open-label, comparative study of piperacillin\u2013tazobactam administered by continuous infusion versus intermittent infusion for treatment of hospitalized patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection","volume":"50","author":"Lau","year":"2006","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"357","DOI":"10.1086\/510590","article-title":"Piperacillin\u2013tazobactam for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection: clinical implications of an extended-infusion dosing strategy","volume":"44","author":"Lodise","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1345\/aph.1G467","article-title":"Meropenem by continuous versus intermittent infusion in ventilator-associated pneumonia due to Gram-negative bacilli","volume":"40","author":"Lorente","year":"2006","journal-title":"Ann Pharmacother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2009.03.002","article-title":"Outcomes of extended infusion piperacillin\/tazobactam for documented Gram-negative infections","volume":"64","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"272","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cis857","article-title":"Clinical outcomes with extended or continuous versus short-term intravenous infusion of carbapenems and piperacillin\/tazobactam: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Falagas","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4390","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01487-06","article-title":"Failure of current cefepime breakpoints to predict clinical outcomes of bacteremia caused by Gram-negative organisms","volume":"51","author":"Bhat","year":"2007","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1086\/514120","article-title":"Bacteriologic response to oral cephalosporins: are established susceptibility breakpoints appropriate in the case of acute otitis media?","volume":"176","author":"Dagan","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1163","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pntd.0001163","article-title":"The influence of reduced susceptibility to fluoroquinolones in Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi on the clinical response to ofloxacin therapy","volume":"5","author":"Parry","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Negl Trop Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir790","volume":"54","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Ba\u00f1o","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4214","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.00663-12","article-title":"Impact of antibiotic MIC on infection outcome in patients with susceptible Gram-negative bacteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"56","author":"Falagas","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antimicrob Agents Chemother"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000297956.27474.9D","article-title":"Empiric antibiotic therapy for suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized trials","volume":"36","author":"Aarts","year":"2008","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(02)00241-4","article-title":"Monotherapy or aminoglycoside-containing combinations for empirical antibiotic treatment of febrile neutropenic patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"2","author":"Furno","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006_bib0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1086\/430912","article-title":"Effect of aminoglycoside and \u03b2-lactam combination therapy versus \u03b2-lactam monotherapy on the emergence of antimicrobial resistance: a meta-analysis of randomized, controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Bliziotis","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924857913000022?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0924857913000022?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,13]],"date-time":"2025-10-13T17:30:58Z","timestamp":1760376658000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0924857913000022"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"references-count":46,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]}},"alternative-id":["S0924857913000022"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006","relation":{},"ISSN":["0924-8579"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0924-8579","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"\u03b2-Lactam plus aminoglycoside or fluoroquinolone combination versus \u03b2-lactam monotherapy for Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections: A meta-analysis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijantimicag.2012.12.006","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2013 Elsevier B.V. and the International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}