{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T10:42:11Z","timestamp":1787740931411,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,12,1]],"date-time":"2018-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543622400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,8,29]],"date-time":"2018-08-29T13:15:28Z","timestamp":1535548528000},"page":"1322-1334","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":69,"special_numbering":"PA","title":["Carbomer gel bearing methotrexate loaded lipid nanocontainers shows improved topical delivery intended for effective management of psoriasis"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Priyanka","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Animesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pavan Kumar","family":"Jain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay Ram","family":"Patel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"241","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(02)00080-7","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as ocular delivery system for tobramycin","volume":"238","author":"Cavalli","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"377","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3565(25)08751-8","article-title":"Methods for the study of irritation and toxicity of substances topically applied to skin and mucous membranes","volume":"82","author":"W.","year":"1944","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2007.08.005","article-title":"Dermal and transdermal delivery of an anti-psoriatic agent via ethanolic liposomes","volume":"123","author":"Dubey","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.07.011","article-title":"Topical delivery of 5-aminolevulinic acid-encapsulated ethosomes in a hyperproliferative skin animal model using the CLSM technique to evaluate the penetration behavior","volume":"73","author":"Fang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1111\/1523-1747.ep12491531","article-title":"Effects of methotrexate on proliferation of human keratinocytes in vitro","volume":"68","author":"Flaxman","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Investig. Dermatol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0030","series-title":"Analytical Profiles Drug Preformulation Substances","first-page":"254","volume":"Vol. 2","author":"K.","year":"1973"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0035","series-title":"Transdermal Delivery in Treatise on Controlled Drug Delivery: Fundamentals, Optimization, Applications","first-page":"341","author":"Franz","year":"1991"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd1607","article-title":"Psoriasis: emerging therapeutic strategies","volume":"4","author":"Gottlieb","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1013","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.164.4.1013","article-title":"Expression of HLA-DR molecules by keratinocytes, and presence of Langerhans cells in the dermal infiltrate of active psoriatic plaques","volume":"164","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1038\/nm0595-442","article-title":"Response of psoriasis to a lymphocyte-selective toxin (DAB389IL-2) suggests a primary immune, but not keratinocyte, pathogenic basis","volume":"1","author":"Gottlieb","year":"1995","journal-title":"Nat. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(84)90096-6","article-title":"The incorporation of lipid-soluble antineoplastic agents into microemulsions\u2014protein-free analogues of low density lipoprotein","volume":"21","author":"Halbert","year":"1984","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(01)00239-3","article-title":"Hydrogels for biomedical applications","volume":"54","author":"Hoffman","year":"2002","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"F.-Q. Hu, Y. Zhang, Y.-Z. Du, H. Yuan, Nimodipine loaded lipid nanospheres prepared by solvent diffusion method in a drug saturated aqueous system, Int. J. Pharm. 348(1\u20132) (2008) 146\u2013152.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.07.025"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1941","DOI":"10.3109\/03639049509065879","article-title":"Development and optimization of a methotrexate topical formulation","volume":"21","author":"Hwang","year":"1995","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00378-1","article-title":"Characterisation of a novel solid lipid nanoparticle carrier system based on binary mixtures of liquid and solid lipids","volume":"199","author":"Jenning","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"911","DOI":"10.1080\/03639040600814676","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC)-based gel of valdecoxib","volume":"32","author":"Joshi","year":"2006","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0085","first-page":"40","article-title":"Psoriasis: disease management with a brief review of new biologics","volume":"18","author":"Khachemoune","year":"2006","journal-title":"Dermatol. Nurs."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2057","DOI":"10.1084\/jem.182.6.2057","article-title":"Successful ultraviolet B treatment of psoriasis is accompanied by a reversal of keratinocyte pathology and by selective depletion of intraepidermal T cells","volume":"182","author":"Krueger","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Exp. Med."},{"issue":"7130","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"866","DOI":"10.1038\/nature05663","article-title":"Pathogenesis and therapy of psoriasis","volume":"445","author":"Lowes","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"163","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.05.061","article-title":"Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) of tretinoin: potential in topical delivery","volume":"345","author":"Shah","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/0378-5173(96)04539-5","article-title":"Cytotoxicity of magnetite-loaded polylactide, polylactide\/glycolide particles and solid lipid nanoparticles","volume":"138","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"1996","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00506-5","article-title":"Cationic solid-lipid nanoparticles can efficiently bind and transfect plasmid DNA","volume":"77","author":"Olbrich","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.01.045","article-title":"Lipid nanoparticles for prolonged topical delivery: an in vitro and in vivo investigation","volume":"357","author":"Puglia","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1899","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041320","article-title":"Psoriasis","volume":"352","author":"Sch\u00f6n","year":"2005","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2004.02.032","article-title":"Development of a controlled release formulation based on SLN and NLC for topical clotrimazole delivery","volume":"278","author":"Souto","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2003.10.006","article-title":"Deformable liposomes for dermal administration of methotrexate","volume":"270","author":"Trotta","year":"2004","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2133.1994.tb02901.x","article-title":"Methotrexate revisited: effects of long-term treatment in psoriasis","volume":"130","author":"Dooren-Greebe","year":"1994","journal-title":"Br. J. Dermatol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/0168-3659(91)90117-V","article-title":"Skin irritation and sensitization","volume":"15","author":"Vermeer","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(00)00380-X","article-title":"An investigation into the use of stepwise isothermal high sensitivity DSC as a means of detecting drug-excipient incompatibility","volume":"199","author":"Wissing","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2015.08.037","article-title":"Development of 4-sulfated N-acetyl galactosamine anchored chitosan nanoparticles: a dual strategy for effective management of leishmaniasis","volume":"136","author":"Tripathi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"194","DOI":"10.1166\/jbt.2014.1159","article-title":"Formulation and characterization of amphotericin B loaded nanostructured lipid carriers using microfluidizer","volume":"4","author":"Tripathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Biomater. Tissue Eng."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1080\/10826076.2011.557463","article-title":"Development and validation of a stability-indicating HPLC method for analysis of zidovudine (ZDV) in bulk drug and in vitro release studies of tablets","volume":"34","author":"Mandloi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Liq. Chromatogr. Relat. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2016.07.042","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics and bioavailability assessment of miltefosine in rats using high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry","volume":"1031","author":"Valicherla","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Chromatogr. B"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(99)00007-3","article-title":"Body distribution in mice of intravenously injected camptothecin solid lipid nanoparticles and targeting effect on brain","volume":"59","author":"Yang","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813017332324?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813017332324?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:24:01Z","timestamp":1758871441000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813017332324"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"references-count":34,"alternative-id":["S0141813017332324"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Carbomer gel bearing methotrexate loaded lipid nanocontainers shows improved topical delivery intended for effective management of psoriasis","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.136","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}