{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,30]],"date-time":"2026-10-30T04:46:45Z","timestamp":1793335605235,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":46,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001407","name":"Department of Biotechnology, Ministry of Science and Technology, India","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["BT\/PR18885\/BCE\/8\/1374\/2016"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["BT\/PR18885\/BCE\/8\/1374\/2016"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001407","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001839","name":"University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["\/2014-15\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["\/2014-15\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001839","name":"University Grants Committee","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["7-225\/2008\/"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["7-225\/2008\/"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001839","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,21]],"date-time":"2019-02-21T21:13:39Z","timestamp":1550783619000},"page":"573-583","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":77,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Zr4+ ions embedded chitosan-soya bean husk activated bio-char composite beads for the recovery of nitrate and phosphate ions from aqueous solution"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"130","author":[{"given":"H. Thagira","family":"Banu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P.","family":"Karthikeyan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sankaran","family":"Meenakshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2013.12.042","article-title":"Adsorptive removal of phosphate by Mg - Al and Zn - Al layered double hydroxides: kinetics, isotherms and mechanisms","volume":"124","author":"Yang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2015.12.032","article-title":"Kinetics, thermodynamics and isotherm modeling for removal of nitrate from liquids by facile one-pot electrosynthesized nano zinc hydroxide","volume":"215","author":"Kamaraj","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0015","series-title":"4th ed","article-title":"Guidelines for drinking water quality","author":"World Health Organization (WHO)","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1260\/0263-6174.28.1.49","article-title":"Removal of Toxic Cr(VI) Ions from Aqueous solution using nano-hydroxyapatite-based chitin and chitosan hybrid composites","volume":"28","author":"Kousalya","year":"2010","journal-title":"Adsorpt. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0025","first-page":"2","article-title":"Synthesis of novel nanocomposite Fe3O4\/ZrO2\/chitosan and its application for removal of nitrate and phosphate","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chemosphere.2014.12.058","article-title":"Application of biochar for the removal of pollutants from aqueous solutions","volume":"125","author":"Tan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Chemosphere"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"674","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbon.2017.12.070","article-title":"An overview of carbothermal synthesis of metal biochar composites for the removal of oxyanion contaminants from aqueous solution","volume":"129","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbon N. Y."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2017.02.005","article-title":"Fabrication of metal ions cross-linked alginate assisted biocomposite beads for selective phosphate removal","volume":"5","author":"Aswin Kumar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2203","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jallcom.2010.11.002","article-title":"Preparation of ZrO2 and ZrO2\/SiC powders by carbothermal reduction of ZrSiO4","volume":"509","author":"Kljajevic","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Alloys Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1163\/016942410X534993","article-title":"Combined novel bonding method of resin to zirconia ceramic in dentistry: a pilot study","volume":"25","author":"Aboushelib","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Adhes. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0055","series-title":"APHA Washington DC","article-title":"Standard methods for the examination of water and waste water, 21st ed.","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1215","DOI":"10.1016\/S0008-6223(98)00317-0","article-title":"Characterization of acidic and basic surface sites on carbons by various techniques","volume":"37","author":"Lopez-Ramon","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carbon"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2008.09.009","article-title":"Sorption behaviour of fluoride on carboxylated cross-linked chitosan beads","volume":"68","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2009","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.03.043","article-title":"One pot synthesis of chitosan grafted quaternized resin for the removal of nitrate and phosphate from aqueous solution","volume":"104","author":"Banu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"64","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51470","DOI":"10.1039\/C5RA03920G","article-title":"Parameter optimization for nitrate removal from water using activated carbon and composite of activated carbon and Fe2O3 nanoparticles","volume":"5","author":"Mehrabi","year":"2015","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.04.013","article-title":"Synthesis of novel nanocomposite Fe3O4\/ZrO2\/chitosan and its application for removal of nitrate and phosphate","volume":"284","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1090","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2013.11.023","article-title":"Ultrasonics sonochemistry a novel ultrasonication method in the preparation of zirconium impregnated cellulose for effective fluoride adsorption","volume":"21","author":"Barathi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ultrason. Sonochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1311","DOI":"10.1007\/s13762-014-0510-6","article-title":"Nitrate removal using purolite A520E ion exchange resin: batch and fixed-bed column adsorption modelling","volume":"12","author":"Nur","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Environ. Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2015.08.012","article-title":"Phosphate adsorption from aqueous solutions by Zirconium (IV) loaded cross-linked chitosan particles","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.7b00751","article-title":"Development and reuse of amine-grafted chitosan hybrid beads in the retention of nitrate and phosphate","volume":"63","author":"Aswin Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"858","DOI":"10.1271\/bbb.56.858","article-title":"Dependence on the preparation procedure of the polymorphism and crystallinity of chitosan membranes","volume":"56","author":"Ogawa","year":"1992","journal-title":"Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"294","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.118","article-title":"Effective adsorption of oil droplets from oil-in-water emulsion using metal ions encapsulated biopolymers: role of metal ions and their mechanism in oil removal","volume":"112","author":"Elanchezhiyan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"284","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.138","article-title":"Lanthanum (III) encapsulated chitosan-montmorillonite composite for the adsorptive removal of phosphate ions from aqueous solution","volume":"112","author":"Banu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.iecr.5b03923","article-title":"An efficient and regenerable quaternary starch for removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions","volume":"55","author":"Chauhan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind. Eng. Chem. Res."},{"issue":"13\u201315","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2583","DOI":"10.1080\/19443994.2013.798842","article-title":"Effective removal of nitrate and phosphate anions from aqueous solutions using functionalised chitosan beads","volume":"52","author":"Sowmya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Desalin. Water Treat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1343","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2007.10.043","article-title":"Application of layered double hydroxides for removal of oxyanions: a review","volume":"42","author":"Goh","year":"2008","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jced.7b00751","article-title":"Development and reuse of amine-grafted chitosan hybrid beads in the retention of nitrate and phosphate","volume":"63","author":"Aswin Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Chem. Eng. Data"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.desal.2011.10.014","article-title":"Removal and recovery of phosphate ions from aqueous solutions by amine functionalized epichlorohydrin-grafted cellulose","volume":"285","author":"Anirudhan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Desalination"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1139\/er-2015-0080","article-title":"Phosphate adsorption on metal oxides and metal hydroxides\u202f: a comparative review","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"Environ. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2221","DOI":"10.1021\/ja02268a002","article-title":"The constitution and fundamental properties of solids and liquids","volume":"38","author":"Langmuir","year":"1916","journal-title":"J. Am. Chem. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0155","first-page":"385","article-title":"Over the adsorption in solution","volume":"57","author":"Freundlich","year":"1906","journal-title":"J. Phys. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0160","first-page":"331","article-title":"The equation of the characteristic curve of the activated charcoal","volume":"55","author":"Dubinin","year":"1947","journal-title":"Proc. Acad. Sci. USSR, Phys. Chem. Sect."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2014.06.010","article-title":"Synthesis of metal ion entrapped silica gel\/chitosan biocomposite for defluoridation studies","volume":"70","author":"Viswanathan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/0166-6622(87)80259-7","article-title":"Adsorption thermodynamics of carbofuran on Sn (IV) arsenosilicate in H+, Na+ and Ca2+ forms","volume":"24","author":"Khan","year":"1987","journal-title":"Colloids Surf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0175","first-page":"1","article-title":"About the theory of so-called adsorption of soluble substance","volume":"24","author":"Lagergren","year":"1898","journal-title":"Handlingar"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"189","DOI":"10.1081\/SPM-100100009","article-title":"Kinetics of pollutant sorption by biosorbents: review","volume":"29","author":"Ho","year":"2000","journal-title":"Sep. Purif. Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0185","first-page":"1","article-title":"Removal of hexavalent chromium ions using polyaniline\/silica gel composite","author":"Karthik","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Water Process. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1002\/aic.690200204","article-title":"Pore and solid diffusion models for fixed-bed adsorbers","volume":"20","author":"Webber","year":"1974","journal-title":"AIChE J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cej.2015.11.028","article-title":"Efficient removalof phosphate by facile prepared magnetic diatomite and illite clay fromaqueous solution","volume":"287","author":"Chen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Chem. Eng. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtice.2015.08.012","article-title":"Phosphate adsorption from aqueous solutions by Zirconium(IV) loaded cross-linked chitosan particles","volume":"59","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.watres.2018.01.061","article-title":"Development of nanoscale zirconium molybdate embedded anion exchange resin for selective removal of phosphate","volume":"134","author":"Huu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Water Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.01.024","article-title":"Adsorption of phosphate from aqueous solution using iron-zirconium modified activated carbon nanofiber: performance and mechanism","volume":"493","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61944","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA04556A","article-title":"Kinetic and isotherm studies of nitrate adsorption on granular Fe\u2013Zr\u2013chitosan complex and electrochemical reduction of nitrate from the spent regenerant solution","volume":"6","author":"Hu","year":"2016","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcis.2017.02.019","article-title":"Preferable uptake of phosphate by hydrous zirconium oxide nanoparticles embedded in quaternary-ammonium Chinese reed","volume":"496","author":"Shang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"942","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2013.04.013","article-title":"Synthesis of novel nanocomposite Fe3O4\/ZrO2\/chitosan and its application for removal of nitrate and phosphate","volume":"284","author":"Jiang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Appl. Surf. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"537","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2017.09.136","article-title":"Effectiveness and mechanisms of phosphate adsorption on iron-modified biochars derived from waste activated sludge","volume":"247","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813018366224?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813018366224?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,3]],"date-time":"2026-08-03T16:28:45Z","timestamp":1785774525000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813018366224"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":46,"alternative-id":["S0141813018366224"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Zr4+ ions embedded chitosan-soya bean husk activated bio-char composite beads for the recovery of nitrate and phosphate ions from aqueous solution","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.100","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}