{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,4]],"date-time":"2026-11-04T18:10:06Z","timestamp":1793815806283,"version":"4.6.1"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,3,1]],"date-time":"2020-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1583020800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018YFC1708006"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018YFC1708006"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002858","name":"China Postdoctoral Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2019M652982"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2019M652982"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002858","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Innovation Platform Program","award":["2017-ZJ-Y08"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-ZJ-Y08"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012579","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Qinghai Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2018-ZJ-902"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2018-ZJ-902"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012579","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"International Partnership Program","award":["153631KYSB20160004"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["153631KYSB20160004"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002367","name":"CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["CAM201806"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["CAM201806"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002367","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Qinghai Provincial Health and Family Planning Medical and Health Science and Technology Project","award":["2017-wjzdx-07"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2017-wjzdx-07"]}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004739","name":"Youth Innovation Promotion Association CAS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004739","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,12]],"date-time":"2019-12-12T12:45:39Z","timestamp":1576154739000},"page":"45-52","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Immunostimulating effect of polysaccharides isolated from Ma-Nuo-Xi decoction in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"146","author":[{"given":"Duo","family":"Jie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tingting","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhongshu","family":"Shan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiayin","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Olga","family":"Kurskaya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kirill","family":"Sharshov","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lixin","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongtao","family":"Bi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0005","first-page":"16","article-title":"Try to elucidate the pharmacodynamic effect of Ma-Nuo-Xi decoction","volume":"19","author":"Hong","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Med. Pharm. Chin. Minorities"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0010","series-title":"Gyud-bzhi","author":"Yundan-gongbao","year":"1982"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0015","unstructured":"He-Shang-Ma-Ha-Ya-Na, and Bi-Ru-Zha-Na, Somaradza, Sichuan Nationality Publishing Company, 1990."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0020","first-page":"50","article-title":"The research of immunomodulatory effects of Tibetan medicine MNXT granules","volume":"9","author":"Hong","year":"2012","journal-title":"China Med. Her."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"547","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.12.036","article-title":"Structures of (1\u21926)-\u03b2-d-glucans from Bulgaria inquinans (fries) and their immunological activities","volume":"93","author":"Bi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0030","first-page":"447","article-title":"The antitumor and immunostimulating activities of water soluble polysaccharides from Radix Aconiti, Radix Aconiti Lateralis and Radix Aconiti Kusnezoffii","volume":"5","author":"Gao","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Prod. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/ecam\/neq012","article-title":"Immunomodulatory polysaccharide from Chlorophytum borivilianum roots","volume":"2011","author":"Thakur","year":"2011","journal-title":"Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.09.083","article-title":"A homogalacturonan from Hippophae rhamnoides L. berries enhance immunomodulatory activity through TLR4\/MyD88 pathway mediated activation of macrophages","volume":"107","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6905","DOI":"10.1021\/jf801101u","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of immunostimulatory polysaccharide from an herb tea, Gynostemma pentaphyllum Makino","volume":"56","author":"Yang","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0050","series-title":"Tibetan Medicine Standards of Qinghai Province","author":"Health Department Of Qinghai Province","year":"1992"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0055","series-title":"Drug Standards \u00b7 Tibetan Medicine by Ministry of Health PRC","author":"Chinese Pharmacopoeia Committee","year":"1995"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1038\/168167a0","article-title":"A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars","volume":"168","author":"Dubois","year":"1951","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"484","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(73)90377-1","article-title":"New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids","volume":"54","author":"Blumenkrantz","year":"1973","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(77)90428-6","article-title":"A rapid, sensitive, and versatile assay for protein using Coomassie brilliant blue G250","volume":"79","author":"Sedmak","year":"1977","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.154","article-title":"An antioxidant alpha-glucan from Cladina rangiferina (L.) Nyl. and its protective effect on alveolar epithelial cells from Pb(2+)-induced oxidative damage","volume":"112","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20040836","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of (24R)-pseudo-ginsenoside HQ and (24S)-Pseudo-ginsenoside HQ on cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppression and their anti-tumor effects study","volume":"20","author":"Qi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/S1567-5769(02)00292-8","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum graecum L.) extract in mice","volume":"3","author":"Bin-Hafeez","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1470","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.039","article-title":"Structural elucidation and antioxidant activity of a water-soluble polysaccharide from the fruit bodies of Bulgaria inquinans (fries)","volume":"138","author":"Bi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"862","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.087","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharide from ginger","volume":"111","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.06.021","article-title":"Anticancer and immunostimulating activities of a novel homogalacturonan from Hippophae rhamnoides L. berry","volume":"131","author":"Wang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.01.034","article-title":"Total fractionation and characterization of the water-soluble polysaccharides isolated from Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1016\/S0923-2494(99)80039-X","article-title":"The role of the macrophage in immune regulation","volume":"149","author":"Gordon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Res. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3505","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-011-0801-8","article-title":"Natural killer cell activation by dendritic cells: balancing inhibitory and activating signals","volume":"68","author":"Barreira","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Mol. Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"280","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.10.005","article-title":"Immunopontentiating activities of the purified polysaccharide from evening primrose in H22 tumor-bearing mice","volume":"52","author":"Zeng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0125","series-title":"Handb. Exp. Pharmacol","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-319-20825-1_6","article-title":"Endocannabinoids and the immune system in health and disease","volume":"231","author":"Cabral","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835faa72","article-title":"The CD4\/CD8 ratio as a marker T-cell activation, senescence and activation\/exhaustion in treated HIV-infected children and young adults","volume":"27","author":"Sainz","year":"2013","journal-title":"AIDS"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0135","series-title":"Millions and Millions of Sarira of Tibetan Medicine","author":"Suka Ningni-duojie","year":"1990"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0140","series-title":"Ethnomedicine: A Source of Complementary Therapeutics","first-page":"227","article-title":"Recent advances on the ethnomedicinal plants as immunomodulatory agents","author":"Alamgir","year":"2010"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3373","DOI":"10.21873\/anticanres.13480","article-title":"Glucans as new anticancer agents","volume":"39","author":"Sima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Anticancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5235","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.07.038","article-title":"Beta-glucans as potential immunoadjuvants: a review on the adjuvanticity, structure-activity relationship and receptor recognition properties","volume":"36","author":"Jin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.5306\/wjco.v2.i2.115","article-title":"Glucan-immunostimulant, adjuvant, potential drug","volume":"2","author":"Vetvicka","year":"2011","journal-title":"World J Clin. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.140","article-title":"The core structure characterization and of ginseng neutral polysaccharide with the immune-enhancing activity","volume":"123","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2512","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2009.08.042","article-title":"Preparation of a glucan from the roots of Rubus crataegifolius Bge. and its immunological activity","volume":"344","author":"Ni","year":"2009","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1870","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2006.04.017","article-title":"Structural analysis of water-soluble glucans from the root of Angelica sinensis (Oliv.) Diels","volume":"341","author":"Cao","year":"2006","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.12.001","article-title":"Characterization and anti-tumor activity of a polysaccharide from Hedysarum polybotrys hand.-Mazz","volume":"73","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"580","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2011.06.017","article-title":"Antioxidant and immunological activities of water-soluble polysaccharides from Aconitum kusnezoffii Reichb","volume":"49","author":"Gao","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11281","DOI":"10.1021\/jf103262s","article-title":"Dietary pectin regulates the levels of inflammatory cytokines and immunoglobulins in interleukin-10 knockout mice","volume":"58","author":"Ye","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.01.015","article-title":"Polysaccharide structure and immunological relationships of RG-I pectin from the bee pollen of Nelumbo nucifera","volume":"111","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813019392190?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813019392190?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:42:07Z","timestamp":1758872527000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813019392190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0141813019392190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,3]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Immunostimulating effect of polysaccharides isolated from Ma-Nuo-Xi decoction in cyclophosphamide-immunosuppressed mice","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.12.042","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}