{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T05:49:17Z","timestamp":1790228957510,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2020,5,1]],"date-time":"2020-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1588291200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,2,10]],"date-time":"2020-02-10T11:28:42Z","timestamp":1581334122000},"page":"281-288","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":137,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin in vivo"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"150","author":[{"given":"Sekar","family":"Sudhakar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S. Viji","family":"Chandran","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nagarajan","family":"Selvamurugan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rasool Abdul","family":"Nazeer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2225","DOI":"10.2337\/dc09-0459","article-title":"Projecting the future diabetes population size and related costs for the U.S","volume":"32","author":"Huang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Diab. Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1047","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.5.1047","article-title":"Global prevalence of diabetes: estimates for the year 2000 and projections for 2030","volume":"27","author":"Wild","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diab.Care."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-1326.2009.01150.x","article-title":"Oral insulin - a review of current status","volume":"12","author":"Iyer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Diab. Obes. Metabol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2008.08.020","article-title":"Multi-ion-crosslinked nanoparticles with pH-responsive characteristics for oral delivery of protein drugs","volume":"132","author":"Lin","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Cont. Rel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2009.06.002","article-title":"Design for optimization of nanoparticles integrating biomaterials for orally dosed insulin","volume":"73","author":"Woitiski","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6849","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2010.05.042","article-title":"Biodistribution, pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of insulin analogues in a rat model: oral delivery using pH-responsive nanoparticles vs. subcutaneous injection","volume":"31","author":"Sonaje","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2801","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.12.038","article-title":"Protease inhibition and absorption enhancement by functional nanoparticles for effective oral insulin delivery","volume":"33","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2006.10.007","article-title":"Tuning of shell and core characteristics of chitosan-decorated acrylic nanoparticles","volume":"30","author":"Bravo-Osuna","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0045","first-page":"115","article-title":"Mucoadhesive thiolated chitosan as platforms for oral controlled drug delivery: synthesis and in vitro evaluation","volume":"57","author":"Roldo","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2010.07.001","article-title":"Nanoparticles of glycol chitosan and its thiolated derivative significantly improved the pulmonary delivery of calcitonin","volume":"397","author":"Makhlof","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.08.152","article-title":"Recent advances of polysaccharide-based nanoparticles for oral insulin delivery","volume":"120","author":"Hu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1021\/jp903501m","article-title":"Molecular property investigations of an ortho-hydroxy Schiff Base type compound with the first-principle molecular dynamics approach","volume":"114","author":"Jezierska-Mazzarello","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Phy. Chem. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00204975","article-title":"Schiff base forming drugs: mechanisms of immune potentiation and therapeutic potential","volume":"74","author":"Chen","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12275","DOI":"10.1039\/C3RA42093K","article-title":"Synthesis of thiolated and acrylated nanoparticles using thiol-ene click chemistry: towards novel mucoadhesive materials for drug delivery","volume":"3","author":"\u0160torha","year":"2013","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(02)00162-5","article-title":"In vitro evaluation of the viscoelastic properties of chitosan\u2013thioglycolic acid conjugates","volume":"55","author":"Hornof","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/S0144-8617(98)00109-X","article-title":"Synthesis of a fluorescent chitosan derivative and its application for the study of chitosan\u2013mucin interactions","volume":"38","author":"Qaqish","year":"1999","journal-title":"Carb. Poly."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7621","DOI":"10.1021\/jf402198r","article-title":"Cellular uptake and transport of zein nanoparticles: effects of sodium caseinate","volume":"61","author":"Luo","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Agri. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4652","DOI":"10.1039\/c0cc05340f","article-title":"Revealing the nature of thio-click reactions on the solid phase","volume":"47","author":"Gokmen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem Comm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms1089","article-title":"A systems approach towards the stoichiometry-controlled hetero-assembly of nanoparticles","volume":"1","author":"Wang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nature Comm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-3659(01)00294-2","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles as delivery systems for doxorubicin","volume":"73","author":"Janes","year":"2001","journal-title":"J. Cont. Rel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2004.08.005","article-title":"Prolonged circulation of large polymeric nanoparticles by non-covalent adsorption on erythrocyte","volume":"100","author":"Chambers","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Cont. Rel."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"919","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2015.1030662","article-title":"In situ forming hydrogel based on chondroitin sulfate-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering","volume":"64","author":"Derakhshan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Inter. J. Poly. Mat. Poly. Biomat."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5691","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.06.055","article-title":"Drug permeability and mucoadhesion properties of thiolated trimethyl chitosan nanoparticles in oral insulin delivery","volume":"30","author":"Yin","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2012.09.001","article-title":"Oral insulin delivery by self-assembled chitosan nanoparticles: in vitro and in vivo studies in diabetic animal model","volume":"33","author":"Mukhopadhyay","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Eng. C."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/S0378-5173(03)00271-0","article-title":"Thiolated polymers\u2014thiomers: synthesis and in vitro evaluation of chitosan\u20132-iminothiolane conjugates","volume":"260","author":"Bernkop-Schn\u00fcrch","year":"2003","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0113732","article-title":"Development and validation of oxygen radical absorbance capacity assay for lipophilic antioxidants using randomly methylated \u03b2-cyclodextrin as the solubility enhancer","volume":"50","author":"Huang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Agri. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0939-6411(03)00147-4","article-title":"Thiolated chitosan","volume":"57","author":"Bernkop-Schn\u00fcrch","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2006.07.016","article-title":"Nanoparticles based on N-trimethylchitosan: evaluation of absorption properties using in vitro (Caco-2 cells) and ex vivo (excised rat jejunum) models","volume":"65","author":"Sandri","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur.J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1812","DOI":"10.1023\/B:PHAM.0000003379.76417.3e","article-title":"Uptake of chitosan and associated insulin in Caco-2 cell monolayers: a comparison between chitosan molecules and chitosan nanoparticles","volume":"20","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2012.01.059","article-title":"Chitosan-based luminescent\/magnetic hybrid nanogels for insulin delivery, cell imaging, and antidiabetic research of dietary supplements","volume":"427","author":"Shen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"822","DOI":"10.1002\/app.38870","article-title":"Effects of the hydrophobization on chitosan\u2013insulin nanoparticles obtained by an alkylation reaction on chitosan","volume":"129","author":"Robles","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1089\/1520915041705929","article-title":"The physiological rationale for oral insulin administration","volume":"6","author":"Arbit","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diab. Tech. Therap."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1035","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20520","article-title":"Self-assembled polyelectrolyte nanocomplexes between chitosan derivatives and insulin","volume":"95","author":"Mao","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nano.2008.01.003","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of insulin nanoparticles using chitosan and its quaternized derivatives","volume":"4","author":"Bayat","year":"2008","journal-title":"Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1211\/0022357001774967","article-title":"Ileal uptake of polyalkylcyanoacrylate nanocapsules in the rat","volume":"52","author":"Damg\u00e9","year":"2000","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0169-409X(03)00041-3","article-title":"Poly(alkylcyanoacrylates) as biodegradable materials for biomedical applications","volume":"55","author":"Vauthier","year":"2003","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813019397107?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813019397107?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T07:52:50Z","timestamp":1758873170000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813019397107"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"references-count":36,"alternative-id":["S0141813019397107"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2020,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles for oral delivery of insulin in vivo","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.079","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}