{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T19:53:34Z","timestamp":1783367614170,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":126,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,1]],"date-time":"2021-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638316800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,11,13]],"date-time":"2021-11-13T16:29:00Z","timestamp":1636820940000},"page":"2140-2152","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":19,"special_numbering":"PB","title":["Current trends in chitosan based nanopharmaceuticals for topical vaginal therapies"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"193","author":[{"given":"Reena","family":"Nayak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Biswakanth","family":"Kar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goutam","family":"Ghosh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Goutam","family":"Rath","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20020266","article-title":"Interplay among vaginal microbiome, immune response and sexually transmitted viral infections","volume":"20","author":"Torcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2028","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpj.2014.02.038","article-title":"Transient antibody-mucin interactions produce a dynamic molecular shield against viral invasion","volume":"106","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biophys. J."},{"issue":"Supplement 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4680","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1002611107","article-title":"Vaginal microbiome of reproductive-age women","volume":"108","author":"Ravel","year":"2011","journal-title":"PNAS"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2010.03.014","volume":"10","author":"Ghadimi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. Immunopharmacol."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1212","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir183","article-title":"Randomized, placebo-controlled phase 2 trial of a lactobacillus crispatus probiotic given intravaginally for prevention of recurrent urinary tract infection","volume":"52","author":"Stapleton","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"issue":"9\u201310","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"859","DOI":"10.1016\/j.resmic.2017.02.003","article-title":"The global health impact of vaginal dysbiosis","volume":"168","author":"van de Wijgert","year":"2017","journal-title":"Res. Microbiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.3390\/jof6010027","article-title":"Vulvovaginal candidiasis: a current understanding and burning questions","volume":"6","author":"Willems","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Fungi"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1109","DOI":"10.1517\/14656566.2015.1035255","article-title":"Metronidazole for the treatment of vaginal infections","volume":"16","author":"Sobel","year":"2015","journal-title":"Expert. Opin. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1097\/QCO.0000000000000618","article-title":"Updates in trichomonas treatment including persistent infection and 5-nitroimidazole hypersensitivity","volume":"33","author":"Muzny","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0050","article-title":"Bacterial vaginosis: standard treatments and alternative strategies","volume":"119659","author":"Tomas","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"550","DOI":"10.3109\/10717544.2014.928760","article-title":"Advanced topical drug delivery system for the management of vaginal candidiasis","volume":"23","author":"Johal","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0060","series-title":"Nanotechnology Applied to Pharmaceutical Technology","first-page":"183","article-title":"Nanoformulations for vaginal therapy","author":"Vanic","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.02.048","article-title":"Bio-based materials with novel characteristics for tissue engineering applications \u2013 a review","volume":"98","author":"Bedian","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0070","first-page":"804","article-title":"Highlighting the impact of chitosan on the development of gastroretentive drug delivery systems","volume":"159","author":"De Souza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201000388","article-title":"Advances in mucoadhesion and mucoadhesive polymers","volume":"11","author":"Khutoryanskiy","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.3390\/biomimetics4020032","article-title":"Interaction between CS and mucin: fundamentals and applications","volume":"4","author":"Collado-Gonz\u00e1lez","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomimetics"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0085","first-page":"443","article-title":"Cross-linked chitosan films: effect of cross-linking density on swelling parameters","volume":"23","author":"Tiwary","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pak. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"369","DOI":"10.2174\/1567201812666150310151657","article-title":"Chitosan: a propitious biopolymer for drug delivery","volume":"12","author":"Duttagupta","year":"2015","journal-title":"Curr. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.02.001","article-title":"Recent developments in antibacterial and antifungal chitosan and its derivatives","volume":"164","author":"Verlee","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0100","series-title":"Chitosan in the Preservation of Agricultural Commodities","first-page":"3","article-title":"Chemical characteristics and functional properties of chitosan","author":"Lizardi-Mendoza","year":"2016"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"136","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2016.09.009","article-title":"Polysaccharide-based films and coatings for food packaging: a review","volume":"68","author":"Cazon","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0110","series-title":"Chitosan Based Biomaterials","first-page":"245","article-title":"Antimicrobial applications of chitosan","volume":"Volume 2","author":"Tachaboonyakiat","year":"2017"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.07.072","article-title":"pH effects on solubility, zeta potential, and correlation between antibacterial activity and molecular weight of chitosan","volume":"134","author":"Chang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7324\/JAPS.2015.50404","article-title":"Development and evaluation of chitosan based polymeric nanoparticles of an antiulcer drug lansoprazole","volume":"5","author":"Nagarajan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Appl. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0125","first-page":"134","article-title":"Physiological impacts of chitosan singly or in conjugation with H2 receptor antagonist drug during nsaid therapy in rats","volume":"4","author":"Zaki","year":"2015","journal-title":"World J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21010092","article-title":"Comparative effects and mechanisms of chitosan and its derivatives on hypercholesterolemia in high-fat diet-fed rats","volume":"21","author":"Chiu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.115839","article-title":"Wound healing and antimicrobial effect of active secondary metabolites in chitosan-based wound dressings: a review","volume":"233","author":"Moeini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"50","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46572","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.9b17605","article-title":"Assessment of oligo-chitosan biocompatibility toward human spermatozoa","volume":"11","author":"Schimpf","year":"2019","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.11.061","article-title":"Antimicrobial and antitumor activities of chitosan from shiitake stipes, compared to commercial chitosan from crab shells","volume":"138","author":"Chien","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40824-015-0044-0","article-title":"Haemostatic chitosan coated gauze: in vitro interaction with human blood and in-vivo effectiveness","volume":"19","author":"Pogorielov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomater. Res."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.5b00163","article-title":"Impact of chain length on antibacterial activity and hemocompatibility of quaternary N-alkyl and N, N-dialkyl chitosan derivatives","volume":"16","author":"Sahariah","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3846","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.7b01058","article-title":"Antimicrobial chitosan and chitosan derivatives: a review of the structure\u2013activity relationship","volume":"18","author":"Sahariah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2010.03.001","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of N-quaternary chitosan derivatives: synthesis, characterization and structure activity relationship (SAR) investigations","volume":"46","author":"Runarsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0170","first-page":"122","article-title":"Evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of chitosan and its quaternized derivative on E. coli and S. aureus growth","volume":"26","author":"Goy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Bras"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2011.11.034","article-title":"Surface-quaternized chitosan particles as an alternative and effective organic antibacterial material","volume":"92","author":"Wiarachai","year":"2012","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"issue":"230","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0180","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and antibacterial properties of 6-deoxy-6-arginine modified chitosan","volume":"15","author":"Su","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116478","article-title":"Chitosan derivatives and their based nanoparticles: ultrasonic approach to the synthesis, antimicrobial and transfection properties","volume":"242","author":"Kritchenkov","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2016.08.024","article-title":"Application of water-soluble chitosan to shrimp for quality retention","volume":"74","author":"Chouljenko","year":"2016","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0195","article-title":"Characterization of a chitosanase from jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) latex and its application in the production of water-soluble low molecular weight chitosans","volume":"11","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3578","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00764","article-title":"Chitosan derivatives active against multidrug-resistant bacteria and pathogenic fungi. In vivo evaluation as topical antimicrobials","volume":"13","author":"Hoque","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.12.023","article-title":"Acrylated chitosan for mucoadhesive drug delivery systems","volume":"517","author":"Shitrit","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2017.09.039","article-title":"Mucoadhesive maleimide-functionalised liposomes for drug delivery to urinary bladder","volume":"111","author":"Kaldybekov","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.05.006","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of boronated chitosan as a mucoadhesive polymer for intravesical drug delivery","volume":"108","author":"Kolawole","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2020.109458","article-title":"Controllable biodegradation and drug release behavior of chitosan-graft-poly (D, L-lactic acid) synthesized by an efficient method","volume":"186","author":"Sun","year":"2021","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1134\/S1560090416030143","article-title":"Synthesis of water soluble quaternary chitosan derivative via protection deprotection strategy and investigation of its antibacterial effect","volume":"58","author":"Seidi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Polym. Sci. Ser. B."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.3390\/polym12071519","article-title":"Chitosan and its derivatives for ocular delivery formulations: recent advances and developments","volume":"12","author":"Zamboulis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2010.06.047","article-title":"Quaternization of N-(3-pyridylmethyl) chitosan derivatives: effects of the degree of quaternization, molecular weight and ratio of N-methylpyridinium and N, N, N-trimethyl ammonium moieties on bactericidal activity","volume":"82","author":"Sajomsang","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116363","article-title":"Synthesis and antimicrobial properties of new chitosan derivatives containing guanidinium groups","volume":"241","author":"Salama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2010.03.001","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of N-quaternary chitosan derivatives: synthesis, characterization and structure activity relationship (SAR) investigations","volume":"46","author":"R\u00fanarsson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.061","article-title":"Preparation, characterization and antibacterial activity of O-acetyl-chitosan-N-2-hydroxypropyl trimethyl ammonium chloride","volume":"80","author":"Cai","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.12.047","article-title":"Non-toxic O-quaternized chitosan materials with better water solubility and antimicrobial function","volume":"84","author":"Wang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.01.056","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of chitosan derivatives with dual-antibacterial functional groups","volume":"75","author":"Li","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2018.08.034","article-title":"Methacrylated chitosan as a polymer with enhanced mucoadhesive properties for transmucosal drug delivery","volume":"550","author":"Kolawole","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116395","article-title":"Thiolated chitosans: are cys-cys ligands key to the next generation?","volume":"242","author":"Netsomboon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"237","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0275","article-title":"O-carboxymethyl chitosan-based pH-responsive amphiphilic chitosan derivatives: characterization, aggregation behavior, and application","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2015.02.010","article-title":"Chitosan-catechol: a polymer with long-lasting mucoadhesive properties","volume":"52","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.132","article-title":"Thiolated chitosan-lauric acid as a new chitosan derivative: synthesis, characterization and cytotoxicity","volume":"136","author":"Kazemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0290","series-title":"Key Engineering Materials","first-page":"21","article-title":"Catechol-functionalized succinyl chitosan for novel mucoadhesive drug delivery","volume":"Vol. 819","author":"Sahatsapan","year":"2019"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2019.05.006","article-title":"Synthesis and evaluation of boronated chitosan as a mucoadhesive polymer for intravesical drug delivery","volume":"108","author":"Kolawole","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2133","DOI":"10.1007\/s10856-010-4073-x","article-title":"Acyl modified chitosan derivatives for oral delivery of insulin and curcumin","volume":"21","author":"Shelma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1021\/bm100522c","article-title":"Effect of PEGylation on the toxicity and permeability enhancement of chitosan","volume":"11","author":"Casettari","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2013.04.002","article-title":"N-alkylation of highly quaternized chitosan derivatives affects the paracellular permeation enhancement in bronchial epithelia in vitro","volume":"86","author":"Benediktsdottir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1208\/s12249-010-9399-7","article-title":"In vitro permeability enhancement in intestinal epithelial cells (Caco-2) monolayer of water soluble quaternary ammonium chitosan derivatives","volume":"11","author":"Kowapradit","year":"2010","journal-title":"AAPS PharmSciTech"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12060594","article-title":"Chitosan derivatives with mucoadhesive and antimicrobial properties for simultaneous nanoencapsulation and extended ocular release formulations of dexamethasone and chloramphenicol drugs","volume":"12","author":"Karava","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.3109\/10717541003706273","article-title":"Methylated N-(4-N, N-dimethylaminocinnamyl) chitosan enhances paracellular permeability across Caco-2 cells","volume":"17","author":"Kowapradit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1128\/AAC.01005-10","article-title":"Quaternized chitosan inhibits icaA transcription and biofilm formation by staphylococcus on a titanium surface","volume":"55","author":"Peng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Antimicrob. Agents Chemother."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.3390\/polym10030267","article-title":"Chitosan and its derivatives for application in mucoadhesive drug delivery systems","volume":"10","author":"Ways","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0340","series-title":"Theory and Applications of Nonparenteral Nanomedicines","first-page":"235","article-title":"Nanomedicine for vaginal drug delivery","author":"El-Hammadi","year":"2021"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics9040053","article-title":"An overview of chitosan nanoparticles and its application in non-parenteral drug delivery","volume":"9","author":"Mohammed","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.15171\/apb.2019.023","article-title":"Current advances in chitosan nanoparticles based drug delivery and targeting","volume":"9","author":"Garg","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Pharm. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0355","series-title":"Seafood Processing By-products: Trends and Applications","first-page":"371","article-title":"Chitosan nanoparticles: preparation, characterization, and applications","author":"Perera","year":"2013"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10010023","article-title":"Chitosan loaded into a hydrogel delivery system as a strategy to treat vaginal co-infection","volume":"10","author":"Perinelli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"656","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.06.119","article-title":"Callophycin a loaded chitosan and spicules based nanocomposites as an alternative strategy to overcome vaginal candidiasis","volume":"161","author":"Arumugam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.actbio.2021.02.029","article-title":"Clotrimazole-loaded N-(2-hydroxy)-propyl-3-trimethylammonium, O-palmitoyl chitosan nanoparticles for topical treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"125","author":"Facchinatto","year":"2021","journal-title":"Acta Biomater."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1900157","DOI":"10.1002\/adtp.201900157","article-title":"Composite thermoresponsive hydrogel with auranofin-loaded nanoparticles for topical treatment of vaginal trichomonad infection","volume":"2","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.01.021","article-title":"The use of chitosan as cationic coating or gel vehicle for polymeric nanocapsules: increasing penetration and adhesion of imiquimod in vaginal tissue","volume":"114","author":"Frank","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105801","article-title":"Development and characterization of chitosan nanoparticles loaded nanofiber hybrid system for vaginal controlled release of benzydamine","volume":"161","author":"Tugcu-Demiroz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.3390\/md15100319","article-title":"Chitosan ascorbate nanoparticles for the vaginal delivery of antibiotic drugs in atrophic vaginitis","volume":"15","author":"Rossi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1093\/mmy\/myx155","article-title":"Development, characterization, and in vitro\u2013in vivo evaluation of polymeric nanoparticles containing miconazole and farnesol for treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"57","author":"Fernandes Costa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Med. Mycol. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2018.11.048","article-title":"Miconazole loaded chitosan-based nanoparticles for local treatment of vulvovaginal candidiasis fungal infections","volume":"174","author":"Amaral","year":"2019","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B: Biointerfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molliq.2017.12.032","article-title":"Nanocomposite framework of chitosan\/polyvinyl alcohol\/ZnO: preparation, characterization, swelling and antimicrobial evaluation","volume":"250","author":"Abdeen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Mol. Liq."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0064794","article-title":"Non-cytotoxic nanomaterials enhance antimicrobial activities of cefmetazole against multidrug-resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"8","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"25","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27994","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.0c06163","article-title":"Bactericidal effect of 5-Mercapto-2-nitrobenzoic acid-coated silver nanoclusters against multidrug-resistant neisseria gonorrhoeae","volume":"12","author":"Luc\u00edo","year":"2020","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7877","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S272736","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic N. Gonorrhoea","volume":"15","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"743","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.04.021","article-title":"Penetration and toxicity of chitosan and its derivatives","volume":"93","author":"Zubareva","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.06.007","article-title":"Engineering tenofovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles to maximize microbicide mucoadhesion","volume":"44","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1590\/S1678-77572012000600006","article-title":"Antibacterial effect of water-soluble chitosan on representative dental pathogens Streptococcus mutans and lactobacilli brevis","volume":"20","author":"Chen","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Appl. Oral Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.reactfunctpolym.2015.10.007","article-title":"The effect of chitosan nanoparticles onto lactobacillus cells","volume":"97","author":"Ristic","year":"2015","journal-title":"React. Funct. Polym."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.3390\/md15030064","article-title":"Chitosan-based nanomedicine to fight genital candida infections: chitosomes","volume":"15","author":"Andersen","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.3390\/md18020096","article-title":"The antimicrobial properties of chitosan can be tailored by formulation","volume":"18","author":"Joraholmen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.37285\/ijpsn.2009.2.1.5","article-title":"Liposomal drug delivery of metronidazole for the local treatment of vaginitis","volume":"2","author":"Patel","year":"2009","journal-title":"IJPSN"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1002\/ffj.3144","article-title":"Association of Thymbra capitata essential oil and chitosan (TCCH hydrogel): a putative therapeutic tool for the treatment of vulvovaginal candidosis","volume":"28","author":"Gaspar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Flavour Fragr. J."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"94","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.06.016","article-title":"Chitosan-coated liposomes for topical vaginal therapy: assuring localized drug effect","volume":"472","author":"Joraholmen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2016.1247925","article-title":"Development and characterization of polymer -coated liposomes for vaginal delivery of sildenafil citrate","volume":"24","author":"Refai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.09.007","article-title":"Resveratrol-loaded liposomes for topical treatment of the vaginal inflammation and infections","volume":"79","author":"Joraholmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3208","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.22542","article-title":"Enhanced bioavailability of exemestane via proliposomes based transdermal delivery","volume":"100","author":"Jukanti","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0485","first-page":"620","article-title":"Preparation and evaluation of proliposomes containing clotrimazole","volume":"53","author":"Ning","year":"2005"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813741-3.00024-8","article-title":"Hydrogel nanocomposite for controlled drug release","volume":"1","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"Appl. Nanocomposite Mater. Drug Deliv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0495","first-page":"3151","article-title":"Chitosan gel containing polymeric nanocapsules: a new formulation for vaginal drug delivery","volume":"9","author":"Frank","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.039","article-title":"Nanocomposite chitosan hydrogels based on PLGA nanoparticles as potential biomedical materials","volume":"99","author":"dos Santos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1080\/21691401.2018.1543193","article-title":"Design and synthesis of mucoadhesive nanogel containing farnesol: investigation of the effect on HWP1, SAP6 and Rim101 genes expression of Candida albicans in vitro","volume":"47","author":"Nikoomanesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Artif. Cells Nanomed. Biotechnol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3311\/PPch.12519","article-title":"Chitosan nanogel design on Gymnema sylvestre essential oils to inhibit growth of Candida albicans biofilm and investigation of gene expression ALS1, ALS3","volume":"63","author":"Akbari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Period. Polytech. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2020.116782","article-title":"Designing, structural determination and biological effects of rifaximin loaded chitosan-carboxymethyl chitosan nanogel","volume":"248","author":"Algharib","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1002\/mabi.201000206","article-title":"Affinity-based drug delivery","volume":"11","author":"Wang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Macromol. Biosci."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2015.02.043","article-title":"Critical attributes of nanofibers: preparation, drug loading, and tissue regeneration","volume":"484","author":"Pelipenko","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2020.105563","article-title":"Immobilization of vaginal lactobacillus in polymeric nanofibers for its incorporation in vaginal probiotic products","volume":"156","author":"Silva","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1045","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.160","article-title":"Comparative antibacterial effects of cellulose nanofiber, chitosan nanofiber, chitosan\/cellulose combination and chitosan alone against bacterial contamination of iranian banknotes","volume":"118","author":"Zarayneh","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"921","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.169","article-title":"Fabrication, physical characterizations and in vitro antibacterial activity of cefadroxil-loaded chitosan\/poly (vinyl alcohol) nanofibers against Staphylococcus aureus clinical isolates","volume":"144","author":"Iqbal","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2016.10.030","article-title":"Formulation and evaluation of chitosan\/polyethylene oxide nanofibers loaded with metronidazole for local infections","volume":"95","author":"Zupancic","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.13005\/msri\/140202","article-title":"Recent trends in chitosan nanofibers: from tissue-engineering to environmental importance: a review","volume":"14","author":"Wani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mat. Sci. Res. India."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0555","first-page":"858","article-title":"Development of thiolated chitosan nanoparticles based mucoadhesive vaginal drug delivery systems","volume":"59","author":"Hasanifard","year":"2017"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3489","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.8b00795","article-title":"Farnesylated glycol chitosan as a platform for drug delivery: synthesis, characterization, and investigation of mucus-particle interactions","volume":"19","author":"Ho","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2015.09.007","article-title":"Resveratrol-loaded liposomes for topical treatment of the vaginal inflammation and infections","volume":"79","author":"Joraholmen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.colsurfb.2020.111080","article-title":"Novel nanocarrier of miconazole based on chitosan-coated iron oxide nanoparticles as a nanotherapy to fight Candida biofilms","volume":"192","author":"Arias","year":"2020","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B"},{"issue":"202","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0575","article-title":"Enhanced antibacterial activity of uniform and stable chitosan nanoparticles containing metronidazole against anaerobic bacterium of Bacteroides fragilis","volume":"1","author":"Binesh","year":"2021","journal-title":"Colloids Surf. B."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1465","DOI":"10.1007\/s42770-020-00326-w","article-title":"Investigation of thiosemicarbazide free or within chitosan nanoparticles in a murine model of vulvovaginal candidiasis","volume":"5","author":"Ara\u00fajo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Braz. J. Microbiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0585","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7877","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S272736","article-title":"Antibacterial activity of chitosan nanoparticles against pathogenic N. Gonorrhea","volume":"15","author":"Alqahtani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1229","DOI":"10.1007\/s11095-014-1528-7","article-title":"Drug-free chitosan coated poly(isobutylcyanoacrylate) nanoparticles are active against Trichomonas vaginalis and non-toxic towards polydispersion indexg vaginal mucosa","volume":"32","author":"Pradines","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.2174\/2211738508666210108121541","article-title":"Poloxamer modified chitosan nanoparticles for vaginal delivery of acyclovir","volume":"9","author":"Deshkar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharm. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"114","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2017.01.021","article-title":"The use of chitosan as cationic coating or gel vehicle for polymeric nanocaParticle sizeules: increasing penetration and adhesion of imiquimod in vaginal tissue","volume":"1","author":"Frank","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2011.06.007","article-title":"Engineering tenofovir loaded chitosan nanoparticles to maximize microbicide mucoadhesion","volume":"44","author":"Meng","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"443","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejpb.2014.06.003","article-title":"Tablets of pre-liposomes govern in situ formation of liposomes: concept and potential of the novel drug delivery system","volume":"88","author":"Vani\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Biopharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1203","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12121203","article-title":"Liposomes-in-hydrogel delivery system enhances the potential of resveratrol in combating vaginal chlamydia infection","volume":"12","author":"J\u00f8raholmen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18010190","article-title":"Synthesis and characterization of carboxymethyl chitosan nanogels for swelling studies and antimicrobial activity","volume":"18","author":"Farag","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0625","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4231","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.biomac.0c01008","article-title":"Polydispersion indexnteala M, Mititelu-Tartau L. Chitosan derivatives in macromolecular co-assembly nanogels with potential for biomedical applications","volume":"21","author":"Rusu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomacromolecules"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics10020046","article-title":"Acyclovir-loaded chitosan nanospheres from nano-emulsion templating for the topolydispersion indexcal treatment of herpesviruses infections","volume":"10","author":"Donalisio","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813021024430?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813021024430?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T09:22:22Z","timestamp":1758878542000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813021024430"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"references-count":126,"alternative-id":["S0141813021024430"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Current trends in chitosan based nanopharmaceuticals for topical vaginal therapies","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2021.11.045","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}