{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,7]],"date-time":"2026-11-07T11:42:45Z","timestamp":1794051765395,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,6,1]],"date-time":"2023-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1685577600000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,28]],"date-time":"2023-04-28T04:26:04Z","timestamp":1682655964000},"page":"124648","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"C","title":["GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein-induced inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of MAPK pathway"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"241","author":[{"given":"Zhi-Hu","family":"Lin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hsin","family":"Yeh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hung-Chih","family":"Lo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei-Jyun","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ming-Yang","family":"Ni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li-Kai","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ting-Ting","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muh-Hwa","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tung-Yi","family":"Lin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2020.02.052","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 cell entry depends on ACE2 and TMPRSS2 and is blocked by a clinically proven protease inhibitor","volume":"181","author":"Hoffmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cell"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.7150\/thno.49713","article-title":"Immunopathogenesis and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19","volume":"11","author":"Kim","year":"2021","journal-title":"Theranostics"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1038\/s41577-020-0311-8","article-title":"The trinity of COVID-19: immunity, inflammation and intervention","volume":"20","author":"Tay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0020","first-page":"934","article-title":"Risk factors associated with acute respiratory distress syndrome and death in patients with coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia in Wuhan, China","volume":"180","author":"Wu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1489","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.202009-3629ED","article-title":"Biological mechanisms of COVID-19 acute respiratory distress syndrome","volume":"202","author":"Matthay","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"23","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2255","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra2026131","article-title":"Cytokine storm","volume":"383","author":"Fajgenbaum","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00733-x","article-title":"Therapeutic targets and interventional strategies in COVID-19: mechanisms and clinical studies","volume":"6","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26232","article-title":"The cytokine storm and COVID-19","volume":"93","author":"Hu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Med. Virol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.03.037","article-title":"The pathogenesis and treatment of the `Cytokine Storm' in COVID-19","volume":"80","author":"Ye","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Infect."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e325","DOI":"10.1016\/S2665-9913(20)30127-2","article-title":"Interleukin-1 blockade with high-dose anakinra in patients with COVID-19, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and hyperinflammation: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"2","author":"Cavalli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Rheumatol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21775","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-78492-y","article-title":"Blockage of interleukin-1\u03b2 with canakinumab in patients with Covid-19","volume":"10","author":"Landi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2020-215266","article-title":"Systematic review and meta-analysis of anakinra, sarilumab, siltuximab and tocilizumab for COVID-19","volume":"76","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"issue":"10234","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1407","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30858-8","article-title":"Trials of anti-tumour necrosis factor therapy for COVID-19 are urgently needed","volume":"395","author":"Feldmann","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"10223","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e30","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30304-4","article-title":"Baricitinib as potential treatment for 2019-nCoV acute respiratory disease","volume":"395","author":"Richardson","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1121","DOI":"10.1038\/s41375-020-01018-y","article-title":"Compassionate use of JAK1\/2 inhibitor ruxolitinib for severe COVID-19: a prospective observational study","volume":"35","author":"Vannucchi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Leukemia"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.7150\/ijbs.45538","article-title":"Traditional chinese medicine in the treatment of patients infected with 2019-new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2): a review and perspective","volume":"16","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Sci."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"472","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(17)31282-6","article-title":"Isolation and characterization of a new immunomodulatory protein, ling zhi-8 (LZ-8), from ganoderma lucidium","volume":"264","author":"Kino","year":"1989","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0090","article-title":"Current understanding of the structure and function of fungal immunomodulatory proteins","volume":"7","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Nutr."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2018.09.014","article-title":"Fungal immunomodulatory proteins: characteristic, potential antitumor activities and their molecular mechanisms","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"873","DOI":"10.4161\/auto.7.8.15698","article-title":"GMI, an immunomodulatory protein from ganoderma microsporum, induces autophagy in non-small cell lung cancer cells","volume":"7","author":"Hsin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Autophagy"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1534","DOI":"10.1021\/mp500840z","article-title":"GMI, an immunomodulatory protein from ganoderma microsporum, potentiates cisplatin-induced apoptosis via autophagy in lung cancer cells","volume":"12","author":"Hsin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2022.154215","article-title":"GMI, a protein from ganoderma microsporum, induces ACE2 degradation to alleviate infection of SARS-CoV-2 spike-pseudotyped virus","volume":"103","author":"Yeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2022.113766","article-title":"Ganoderma microsporum immunomodulatory protein acts as a multifunctional broad-spectrum antiviral against SARS-CoV-2 by interfering virus binding to the host cells and spike-mediated cell fusion","volume":"155","author":"Ho","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1604","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.227","article-title":"Effects of WSG, a polysaccharide from ganoderma lucidum, on suppressing cell growth and mobility of lung cancer","volume":"165","author":"Hsu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.3390\/s30800276","article-title":"Measurement of nitric oxide production in biological systems by using griess reaction assay","volume":"3","author":"Sun","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sensors"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0130","article-title":"Water extract of medicinal ink (WEMI) attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced NO production of Raw264.7 cells via downregulating JAK2\/STAT3-mediated iNOS expression","volume":"282","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2020.153384","article-title":"Functional proteomic analysis reveals that fungal immunomodulatory protein reduced expressions of heat shock proteins correlates to apoptosis in lung cancer cells","volume":"80","author":"Lin","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.canlet.2016.03.018","article-title":"Ling zhi-8 reduces lung cancer mobility and metastasis through disruption of focal adhesion and induction of MDM2-mediated slug degradation","volume":"375","author":"Lin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cancer Lett."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-021-00937-x","article-title":"TLR2 senses the SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein to produce inflammatory cytokines","volume":"22","author":"Zheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2021.153583","article-title":"Sulforaphane inhibits the expression of interleukin-6 and interleukin-8 induced in bronchial epithelial IB3-1 cells by exposure to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein","volume":"87","author":"Gasparello","year":"2021","journal-title":"Phytomedicine"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cyto.2008.01.006","article-title":"LPS\/TLR4 signal transduction pathway","volume":"42","author":"Lu","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cytokine"},{"issue":"10229","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(20)30566-3","article-title":"Clinical course and risk factors for mortality of adult inpatients with COVID-19 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective cohort study","volume":"395","author":"Zhou","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1038\/s41392-021-00679-0","article-title":"The signal pathways and treatment of cytokine storm in COVID-19","volume":"6","author":"Yang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Signal. Transduct. Target. Ther."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"693","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2021436","article-title":"Dexamethasone in hospitalized patients with Covid-19","volume":"384","author":"Horby","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2016.00021","article-title":"Induction of macrophage function in human THP-1 cells is associated with rewiring of MAPK signaling and activation of MAP3K7 (TAK1) protein kinase","volume":"4","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front. Cell Dev. Biol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21599","article-title":"Inducible nitric oxide synthase: regulation, structure, and inhibition","volume":"40","author":"Cinelli","year":"2020","journal-title":"Med. Res. Rev."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1038\/nchembio.375","article-title":"COX-2's new role in inflammation","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Chem. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1708","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.01708","article-title":"Cytokine storm in COVID-19: the current evidence and treatment strategies","volume":"11","author":"Tang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1186\/s13020-021-00478-3","article-title":"Natural products provide a new perspective for anti-complement treatment of severe COVID-19: a review","volume":"16","author":"Fan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Chin. Med."},{"issue":"7830","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-020-2708-8","article-title":"A mouse-adapted model of SARS-CoV-2 to test COVID-19 countermeasures","volume":"586","author":"Dinnon","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nature"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1038\/s41422-021-00519-4","article-title":"SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein causes acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)-like pathological damages and constitutes an antiviral target","volume":"31","author":"Xia","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Res."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"622","DOI":"10.1038\/s41565-020-0752-z","article-title":"Dexamethasone nanomedicines for COVID-19","volume":"15","author":"Lammers","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat. Nanotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1240","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2022.05.013","volume":"9","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Toxicol. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/j.niox.2004.01.008","article-title":"Dexamethasone lacks effect on blood pressure in mice with a disrupted endothelial NO synthase gene","volume":"10","author":"Wallerath","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nitric Oxide"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1123","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2020.1770129","article-title":"Profiling serum cytokines in COVID-19 patients reveals IL-6 and IL-10 are disease severity predictors","volume":"9","author":"Han","year":"2020","journal-title":"Emerg. Microbes. Infect."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813023015428?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813023015428?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,26]],"date-time":"2025-09-26T10:23:36Z","timestamp":1758882216000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813023015428"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"references-count":45,"alternative-id":["S0141813023015428"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"GMI, a fungal immunomodulatory protein, ameliorates SARS-CoV-2 envelope protein-induced inflammation in macrophages via inhibition of MAPK pathway","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124648","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2023 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"124648"}}