{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T21:55:41Z","timestamp":1792706141243,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":43,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,1]],"date-time":"2024-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1730419200000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82303743"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82303743"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,9]],"date-time":"2024-10-09T17:48:29Z","timestamp":1728496109000},"page":"136409","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"special_numbering":"P1","title":["Purification, structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"281","author":[{"given":"Minghui","family":"Cao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuejiao","family":"Cui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yadong","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenwen","family":"Yan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weimin","family":"Zeng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanlong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangqian","family":"Jia","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1353","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.13129","article-title":"Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi. (Lamiaceae): a review of its traditional uses, botany, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology","volume":"71","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2773","DOI":"10.1002\/vms3.960","article-title":"Research progress on pharmacological effects and new dosage forms of baicalin","volume":"8","author":"Bao","year":"2022","journal-title":"J. Vet. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"230","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.06.076","article-title":"A flaxseed heteropolysaccharide stimulates immune responses and inhibits hepatitis B virus","volume":"136","author":"Liang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.09.029","article-title":"Structural characterization and anti-proliferative activities of partially degraded polysaccharides from peach gum","volume":"203","author":"Wei","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"576","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.015","article-title":"Extraction, characterization and antioxidant activity evaluation of polysaccharides from Smilacina japonica","volume":"151","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1224","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.12.007","article-title":"Characterization, antioxidation, anti-inflammation and renoprotection effects of selenized mycelia polysaccharides from Oudemansiella radicata","volume":"181","author":"Gao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"560","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-008-9148-2","article-title":"Lamiaceae carbohydrates. V. Structure of glucoarabinogalactan from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi","volume":"44","author":"Olennikov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-008-9147-3","article-title":"Lamiaceae carbohydrates. IV. Water-soluble polysaccharides from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi","volume":"44","author":"Olennikov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.immunol.20.083001.084359","article-title":"Innate immune recognition","volume":"20","author":"Janeway","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu.Rev. immunol."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3930","DOI":"10.1039\/C8FO00603B","article-title":"Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a novel polysaccharide from Ficus carica","volume":"9","author":"Du","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.07.019","article-title":"Structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from fusarium solani DO7 by solid-state fermentation","volume":"137","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2062","DOI":"10.1021\/jf1043647","article-title":"Inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory responses by Sargassum hemiphyllum sulfated polysaccharide extract in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells","volume":"59","author":"Hwang","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-07-0067","article-title":"Critical role of toll-like receptors and nucleotide oligomerisation domain in the regulation of health and disease","volume":"193","author":"Mitchell","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0070","article-title":"Structural characterization of chia seed polysaccharides and evaluation of its immunomodulatory and antioxidant activities","volume":"20","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem: X."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115076","article-title":"Structure, bioactivity and applications of natural hyperbranched polysaccharides","volume":"223","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.pmbts.2019.03.003","article-title":"The structures and biological functions of polysaccharides from traditional Chinese herbs","volume":"163","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Mol. Biol. Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"500","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.113","article-title":"Isolation, structural characterization, and immunostimulatory activity of a new water-soluble polysaccharide and its sulfated derivative from Citrus medica L. var. sarcodactylis","volume":"123","author":"Peng","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(18)74048-9","article-title":"The isolation of the compotents of streptococcaly active form","volume":"124","author":"Sevag","year":"1938","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1007\/s10600-011-9878-4","article-title":"Carbohydrates from Lamiaceae. VIII. \u03b1-glucan from Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi roots","volume":"47","author":"Olennikov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Chem. Nat. Compd."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"535","DOI":"10.1021\/jf504677r","article-title":"Structure characterization of a novel polysaccharide from Dictyophora indusiata and its macrophage immunomodulatory activities","volume":"63","author":"Liao","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"248","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(76)90527-3","article-title":"A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding","volume":"72","author":"Bradford","year":"1976","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(62)90095-7","article-title":"A modified uronic acid carbazole reaction","volume":"4","author":"Bitter","year":"1962","journal-title":"Anal. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1003","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.11.064","article-title":"Separation, purification, structural analysis and immune-enhancing activity of sulfated polysaccharide isolated from sea cucumber viscera","volume":"155","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124491","article-title":"Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from finger citron extracted by continuous phase-transition extraction","volume":"240","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pdpdt.2019.05.004","article-title":"Standardization of a resazurin-based assay for the evaluation of metabolic activity in oral squamous carcinoma and glioblastoma cells","volume":"26","author":"Rezende","year":"2019","journal-title":"Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2018.07.010","article-title":"Immunomodulatory activity of non starch polysaccharides isolated from green gram (Vigna radiata)","volume":"113","author":"Ketha","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jnatprod.8b00238","article-title":"Structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide from Eurycoma longifolia","volume":"82","author":"He","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Nat. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.10.039","article-title":"Characterization of polysaccharide from Helicteres angustifolia L. and its immunomodulatory activities on macrophages RAW264.7","volume":"109","author":"Sun","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.127955","article-title":"Effect of monosaccharide composition and proportion on the bioactivity of polysaccharides: a review","volume":"254","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aca.2006.10.051","article-title":"Use of statistical methods to find the polysaccharide structural characteristics and the relationships between monosaccharide composition ratio and macrophage stimulatory activity of regionally different strains of Lentinula edodes","volume":"584","author":"Lo","year":"2007","journal-title":"Anal. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.02.031","article-title":"Structural characterization and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharides from the leaves of Toona sinensis (a. Juss) Roem","volume":"212","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.07.010","article-title":"Structure and bioactivity of a polysaccharide containing uronic acid from Polyporus umbellatus sclerotia","volume":"152","author":"He","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.02.009","article-title":"Purification, characterization and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from stem lettuce","volume":"188","author":"Nie","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1007\/978-1-0716-1398-6_16","article-title":"Nuclear magnetic resonance methods in structural characterization of Glycosaminoglycans","volume":"2303","author":"Pomin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2019.103457","article-title":"Structural characterisation and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide isolated from lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) root residues","volume":"60","author":"Hu","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"302","DOI":"10.1080\/10520295.2020.1802065","article-title":"The neutral red assay can be used to evaluate cell viability during autophagy or in an acidic microenvironment in vitro","volume":"96","author":"Gomez-Gutierrez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biotech. Histochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2021.104384","article-title":"A polysaccharide TKP-2-1 from Tamarindus indica L: purification, structural characterization and immunomodulating activity","volume":"78","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4597","DOI":"10.1002\/jcp.27242","article-title":"Glycyrrhizin inactivates toll-like receptor (TLR) signaling pathway to reduce lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung injury by inhibiting TLR2","volume":"234","author":"Kong","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Cell. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2014.01.018","article-title":"Toll-like receptor 4-mediated ROS signaling pathway involved in Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-\u03b1 secretion during macrophage activation","volume":"66","author":"Yu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0200","first-page":"100313","article-title":"A new polysaccharide from Caulerpa chemnitzia induces molecular shifts of immunomodulation on macrophages RAW264.7","volume":"14","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Chem: X"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.11.059","article-title":"Mechanism of macrophage activation induced by polysaccharide from Cordyceps militaris culture broth","volume":"120","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0210","first-page":"286","article-title":"Fucoidan induces nitric oxide production via p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase and NF-\u03baB-dependent signaling pathways through macrophage scavenger receptors","volume":"343","author":"Nakamura","year":"2006","journal-title":"BBRC"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.117701","article-title":"Structural characterization and immunostimulatory activity in vitro of a glycogen from sea urchin\u2013Strongylocentyotus internedius","volume":"258","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813024072180?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813024072180?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,30]],"date-time":"2026-06-30T04:39:44Z","timestamp":1782794384000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813024072180"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"references-count":43,"alternative-id":["S0141813024072180"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Purification, structural characterization and immunomodulatory activity of a polysaccharide isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis stem-leaf","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2024.136409","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights are reserved, including those for text and data mining, AI training, and similar technologies.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"136409"}}