{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,11]],"date-time":"2026-10-11T03:23:48Z","timestamp":1791689028415,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":71,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,1]],"date-time":"2026-05-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777593600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,5]],"date-time":"2026-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1777939200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":4,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["32000625"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["32000625"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100008845","name":"Xinjiang University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100008845","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100009110","name":"Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Natural Science Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2022D01C97"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2022D01C97"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100009110","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,27]],"date-time":"2026-04-27T23:32:41Z","timestamp":1777332761000},"page":"152254","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Enhancing oral bioavailability and immunostimulatory activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides through PLGA nanoparticle delivery system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"364","author":[{"given":"Abudukahaer","family":"Wubuli","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shanlin","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Reziwanguli","family":"Aibibuli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qi","family":"Cao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jing","family":"Wu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jianmin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adila","family":"Aipire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinyao","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0005","article-title":"Natural Polysaccharides and Their Derivates: A Promising Natural Adjuvant for Tumor Immunotherapy","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0010","article-title":"Structure of a new Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide and its immunomodulatory activity","volume":"13","author":"Wu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Immunol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1007\/s10719-018-9817-8","article-title":"Selenylation modification: enhancement of the antioxidant activity of a Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharide","volume":"35","author":"Lian","year":"2018","journal-title":"Glycoconj. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.05.060","article-title":"Purification, partial characterization and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis","volume":"79","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphs.2018.03.006","article-title":"Inhibition effect of glycyrrhiza polysaccharide (GCP) on tumor growth through regulation of the gut microbiota composition","volume":"137","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharmacol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jes.2016.06.026","article-title":"Hepatoprotective and antioxidant effects of dietary Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide against TCDD-induced hepatic injury and RT-PCR quantification of AHR2, ARNT2, CYP1A mRNA in Jian Carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jian)","volume":"51","author":"Du","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Environ. Sci. (China)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.124199","article-title":"The preventive effect of Glycyrrhiza polysaccharide on lipopolysaccharide-induced acute colitis in mice by modulating gut microbial communities","volume":"239","author":"Wei","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1020558317162","article-title":"Dendritic cells: A link between innate and adaptive immunity","volume":"19","author":"Palucka","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Clin. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7717\/peerj.8294","article-title":"The immunostimulatory activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis","volume":"8","author":"Aipire","year":"2020","journal-title":"PeerJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43796","DOI":"10.1038\/srep43796","article-title":"Glycyrrhiza uralensis water extract enhances dendritic cell maturation and antitumor efficacy of HPV dendritic cell-based vaccine","volume":"7","author":"Aipire","year":"2017","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010159","article-title":"Preparation, characterization, and immuno-enhancing activity of polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis","volume":"10","author":"Aipire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12030216","article-title":"Preparation of Puerarin Chitosan Oral Nanoparticles by Ionic Gelation Method and Its Related Kinetics","volume":"12","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2024.1431221","article-title":"In vivo pharmacokinetics of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides","volume":"15","author":"Wubuli","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2022.119110","article-title":"Advances in oral absorption of polysaccharides: Mechanism, affecting factors, and improvement strategies","volume":"282","author":"Zheng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"sup1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1080\/10717544.2017.1396383","article-title":"Drug delivery for bioactive polysaccharides to improve their drug-like properties and curative efficacy","volume":"24","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Deliv."},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2007.11.061","article-title":"Improvement of intestinal absorption of water-soluble macromolecules by various polyamines: intestinal mucosal toxicity and absorption-enhancing mechanism of spermine","volume":"354","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"26","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2011.03.056","article-title":"Mechanism and consequence of chitosan-mediated reversible epithelial tight junction opening","volume":"32","author":"Yeh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2008.03.016","article-title":"Improvement of intestinal absorption of insulin and water-soluble macromolecular compounds by chitosan oligomers in rats","volume":"359","author":"Gao","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2003.05.001","article-title":"Permeation enhancing polymers in oral delivery of hydrophilic macromolecules: thiomer\/GSH systems","volume":"93","author":"Bernkop-Schn\u00fcrch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1023\/A:1023803706746","article-title":"Development and in vivo evaluation of an oral delivery system for low molecular weight heparin based on thiolated polycarbophil","volume":"20","author":"Kast","year":"2003","journal-title":"Pharm. Res."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2534","DOI":"10.1002\/jps.20738","article-title":"Release-controlling absorption enhancement of enterally administered Ophiopogon japonicus polysaccharide by sodium caprate in rats","volume":"95","author":"Lin","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2016.04.031","article-title":"Using peptides to increase transport across the intestinal barrier","volume":"106","author":"S\u00e1nchez-Navarro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"24","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2014.04.050","article-title":"Oral delivery of a potent anti-angiogenic heparin conjugate by chemical conjugation and physical complexation using deoxycholic acid","volume":"35","author":"Alam","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.02.009","article-title":"Enhancing the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate by conjugation with alpha-linolenic acid and the transport mechanism of the conjugates","volume":"465","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"310","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.12.031","article-title":"Suppression of angiogenesis and tumor growth by orally active deoxycholic acid-heparin conjugate","volume":"118","author":"Lee","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"374","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2012.09.013","article-title":"Orally active desulfated low molecular weight heparin and deoxycholic acid conjugate, 6ODS-LHbD, suppresses neovascularization and bone destruction in arthritis","volume":"163","author":"Hwang","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2014.02.009","article-title":"Enhancing the intestinal absorption of low molecular weight chondroitin sulfate by conjugation with \u03b1-linolenic acid and the transport mechanism of the conjugates","volume":"465","author":"Xiao","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.116330","article-title":"Traditional Chinese medicine polysaccharide in nano-drug delivery systems: Current progress and future perspectives","volume":"173","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed. Pharmacother."},{"issue":"Pt B","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2668","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.173","article-title":"Recent advances in plant polysaccharide-mediated nano drug delivery systems","volume":"165","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1401","DOI":"10.2147\/DDDT.S198056","article-title":"Combination of drugs and carriers in drug delivery technology and its development","volume":"13","author":"Du","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Des. Devel. Ther."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.2174\/1872210515666210720141736","article-title":"Nanosponge Approach -A Plethora of Opportunities as a Promising Nanocarrier for Novel Drug Delivery","volume":"16","author":"Bhavin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Recent Pat. Nanotechnol."},{"issue":"34","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6629","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biomaterials.2009.08.030","article-title":"The characteristics, biodistribution and bioavailability of a chitosan-based nanoparticulate system for the oral delivery of heparin","volume":"30","author":"Chen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.12.068","article-title":"Preparation, complexation mechanism and properties of nano-complexes of Astragalus polysaccharide and amphiphilic chitosan derivatives","volume":"161","author":"Lai","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2245","DOI":"10.1248\/cpb.30.2245","article-title":"Oral administration of liposomally-entrapped heparin to beagle dogs","volume":"30","author":"Ueno","year":"1982","journal-title":"Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo)"},{"issue":"1\u20132","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2016.10.039","article-title":"Buccal delivery of low molecular weight heparin by cationic polymethacrylate nanoparticles","volume":"515","author":"Mouftah","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jconrel.2006.03.020","article-title":"Oral bioavailability of a low molecular weight heparin using a polymeric delivery system","volume":"113","author":"Hoffart","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Control. Release"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14142966","article-title":"Biodegradable Nanoparticles Prepared from Chitosan and Casein for Delivery of Bioactive Polysaccharides","volume":"14","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"issue":"Pt 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0190","article-title":"Prolamin and prolamin-polysaccharide composite nanoparticles for oral drug and nutrient delivery systems: A review","volume":"283","author":"Huang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms24054333","article-title":"PLGA-Based Micro\/Nanoparticles: An Overview of Their Applications in Respiratory Diseases","volume":"24","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.molpharmaceut.8b00809","article-title":"Synthesis of CSK-DEX-PLGA Nanoparticles for the Oral Delivery of Exenatide to Improve Its Mucus Penetration and Intestinal Absorption","volume":"16","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol. Pharm."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"170","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2010.10.008","article-title":"PLGA nanoparticles containing various anticancer agents and tumour delivery by EPR effect","volume":"63","author":"Acharya","year":"2011","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5349","DOI":"10.1039\/C6RA27676H","article-title":"Hydrophobic mixed solvent induced PLGA-based in situ forming systems for smooth long-lasting delivery of Radix Ophiopogonis polysaccharide in rats","volume":"7","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1113","DOI":"10.3390\/md11041113","article-title":"An HPLC method for microanalysis and pharmacokinetics of marine sulfated polysaccharide PSS-loaded poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) nanoparticles in rat plasma","volume":"11","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mar. Drugs"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"740","DOI":"10.1111\/jphp.12902","article-title":"Development of an enteric nanoparticle of marine sulfated polysaccharide propylene glycol alginate sodium sulfate for oral administration: formulation design, pharmacokinetics and efficacy","volume":"70","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Pharm. Pharmacol."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"932","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.169","article-title":"Optimization of Hericium erinaceus polysaccharide-loaded Poly (lactic-co-glycolicacid) nanoparticles by RSM and its absorption in Caco-2 cell monolayers","volume":"118","author":"Ren","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"Pt A","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"222","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.176","article-title":"Optimization of Angelica sinensis polysaccharide-loaded Poly (lactic-co-glycolicacid) nanoparticles by RSM and its immunological activity in vitro","volume":"107","author":"Gu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0235","first-page":"173","article-title":"Biopharmaceutical understanding of formulation preparation variability of Plga nanoparticles loaded with Erysimum extract","volume":"311","author":"Ebralidze","year":"2021","journal-title":"Georgian Med. News"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1016\/0142-9612(96)81411-6","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of polyethyl-2-cyanoacrylate nanocapsules containing antiepileptic drugs","volume":"17","author":"Fresta","year":"1996","journal-title":"Biomaterials"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.121706","article-title":"Poloxamer 188 as surfactant in biological formulations - An alternative for polysorbate 20\/80?","volume":"620","author":"Bollenbach","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejps.2021.105812","article-title":"Impact of gastrointestinal tract variability on oral drug absorption and pharmacokinetics: An UNGAP review","volume":"162","author":"Vinarov","year":"2021","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharm. Sci."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.14771","article-title":"Circadian rhythm and whole gut transit in mice","volume":"36","author":"Laible","year":"2024","journal-title":"Neurogastroenterol. Motil."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"60","DOI":"10.1186\/2191-219X-3-60","article-title":"Gastrointestinal transit measurements in mice with 99mTc-DTPA-labeled activated charcoal using NanoSPECT-CT","volume":"3","author":"Padmanabhan","year":"2013","journal-title":"EJNMMI Res."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1038\/nmat5057","article-title":"Exploiting the pliability and lateral mobility of Pickering emulsion for enhanced vaccination","volume":"17","author":"Xia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat. Mater."},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"420","DOI":"10.1080\/03639045.2024.2332906","article-title":"Temozolomide nano-in-nanofiber delivery system with sustained release and enhanced cellular uptake by U87MG cells","volume":"50","author":"Shetty","year":"2024","journal-title":"Drug Dev. Ind. Pharm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2023.121471","article-title":"Smart fluorescent polysaccharides: Recent developments and applications","volume":"324","author":"Novo","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.210","article-title":"Advances in tracking of polysaccharides in vivo: Labeling strategies, potential factors and applications based on pharmacokinetic characteristics","volume":"163","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"issue":"22","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26298","DOI":"10.1021\/acsami.3c02128","article-title":"Colon-Targeting Angelica sinensis Polysaccharide Nanoparticles with Dual Responsiveness for Alleviation of Ulcerative Colitis","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4579","DOI":"10.2147\/IJN.S359118","article-title":"The mucoadhesive nanoparticle-based delivery system in the development of mucosal vaccines","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Nanomedicine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm7060142","article-title":"A neglected issue in ulcerative colitis: mesenteric lymph nodes","volume":"7","author":"Sahin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Clin. Med."},{"issue":"35","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5226","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vaccine.2018.07.040","article-title":"Polysaccharides as vaccine adjuvants","volume":"36","author":"Sun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vaccine"},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2023.04.002","article-title":"M cell maturation and cDC activation determine the onset of adaptive immune priming in the neonatal Peyer\u2019s patch","volume":"56","author":"Torow","year":"2023","journal-title":"Immunity"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/biom10010159","article-title":"Preparation, Characterization, and Immuno-Enhancing Activity of Polysaccharides from Glycyrrhiza uralensis","volume":"10","author":"Aipire","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biomolecules"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2017.01.007","article-title":"Models for drug absorption from the small intestine: where are we and where are we going?","volume":"22","author":"Billat","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Discov. Today"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pharmaceutics12020171","article-title":"Nanomaterials Designed for Antiviral Drug Delivery Transport across Biological Barriers","volume":"12","author":"Cojocaru","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pharmaceutics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2021.118383","article-title":"Oral absorption characteristics and mechanisms of a pectin-type polysaccharide from Smilax china L. across the intestinal epithelium","volume":"270","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2022.122004","article-title":"The Caco-2 Model: Modifications and enhancements to improve efficiency and predictive performance","volume":"624","author":"Panse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int. J. Pharm."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1016\/j.addr.2012.10.010","article-title":"Recent advances in chitosan-based nanoparticles for oral delivery of macromolecules","volume":"65","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Adv. Drug Deliv. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103850","article-title":"Indirectly stimulation of DCs by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide in intestinal-like Caco-2\/DCs co-culture model based on RNA-seq","volume":"67","author":"Ding","year":"2020","journal-title":"J. Funct. Foods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2021.110310","article-title":"\u201cDialogue\u201d between Caco-2 and DCs regulated by Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide in intestinal-like Caco-2\/DCs co-culture model","volume":"144","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Res. Int."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1038\/nri1669","article-title":"Structure and function of the spleen","volume":"5","author":"Mebius","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254_bb0355","article-title":"Uptake quantification of antigen carried by nanoparticles and its impact on carrier adjuvanticity evaluation","volume":"12","author":"Zhu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Vaccines (Basel)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813026021811?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813026021811?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,21]],"date-time":"2026-09-21T13:57:26Z","timestamp":1789999046000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813026021811"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"references-count":71,"alternative-id":["S0141813026021811"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,5]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Enhancing oral bioavailability and immunostimulatory activity of Glycyrrhiza uralensis polysaccharides through PLGA nanoparticle delivery system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.152254","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"152254"}}