{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T23:24:54Z","timestamp":1793921094503,"version":"4.8.0"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,1]],"date-time":"2026-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1793491200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002241","name":"Japan Science and Technology Agency","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["JPMJPF2102"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["JPMJPF2102"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002241","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,8]],"date-time":"2026-09-08T14:59:07Z","timestamp":1788879547000},"page":"154388","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"special_numbering":"P2","title":["Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of superabsorbent polymers derived from paramylon and zein"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"382","author":[{"given":"Hao","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Misa","family":"Matsuoka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Hafeez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Romain","family":"Milotskyi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Toshiaki","family":"Kozuka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gyanendra","family":"Sharma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naoki","family":"Wada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masaki","family":"Ito","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenji","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1104\/pp.119.1.9","article-title":"How do algae concentrate CO2 to increase the efficiency of photosynthetic carbon fixation?","volume":"119","author":"V Moroney","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1111\/jpy.12189","article-title":"Ecological assessments with algae: a review and synthesis","volume":"50","author":"Stevenson","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Phycol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0015","first-page":"68","article-title":"Algae as a soil conditioner","volume":"2","author":"Prakash","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Eng. Tech. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3538","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2018.1496319","article-title":"Algae in food: a general review","volume":"59","author":"\u015acieszka","year":"2019","journal-title":"Crit. Rev. Food Sci. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6671","DOI":"10.1007\/s00289-023-05068-x","article-title":"Properties and valuable applications of superabsorbent polymers: a comprehensive review","volume":"81","author":"Damiri","year":"2024","journal-title":"Polym. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0030","article-title":"Superabsorbent polymers: innovations in ecology, environmental, and diverse applications","volume":"18","author":"Niu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Materials (Basel, Switzerland)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jclepro.2021.127686","article-title":"Feasibility of superabsorbent polymer recycling and reuse in disposable absorbent hygiene products","volume":"313","author":"Somers","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Clean. Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27155022","article-title":"Manufacturing of fluff pulp using different pulp sources and bentonite on an industrial scale for absorbent hygienic products","volume":"27","author":"Ismaeilimoghadam","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5212","DOI":"10.1007\/s10924-024-03297-3","article-title":"Development and characterization of sodium alginate-based bio-hybrid super absorbent polymer with high retention capacity suitable for baby diapers","volume":"32","author":"Ismaeilimoghadam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J. Polym. Environ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mame.202400278","article-title":"Highly performing polysaccharide hydrogels can replace acrylic acid-based superabsorbent polymers in sanitary napkins","volume":"310","author":"Ismaeilimoghadam","year":"2025","journal-title":"Macromol. Mater. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19422","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-04457-8","article-title":"Impact of polyacrylic acid as soil amendment on soil microbial activity under different moisture regimes","volume":"15","author":"Buchmann","year":"2025","journal-title":"Sci. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3251","DOI":"10.1002\/app.22794","article-title":"Novel biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogels derived from cotton cellulose and succinic anhydride: synthesis and characterization","volume":"99","author":"Yoshimura","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Appl. Polym. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2582","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.11.045","article-title":"Biodegradable superabsorbent hydrogels derived from cellulose by esterification crosslinking with 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride","volume":"87","author":"Kono","year":"2012","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2023.128909","article-title":"Superabsorbent hydrogels based on natural polysaccharides: classification, synthesis, physicochemical properties, and agronomic efficacy under abiotic stress conditions: a review","volume":"258","author":"El Idrissi","year":"2024","journal-title":"Int. J. Biol. Macromol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biortech.2019.121354","article-title":"Mechanochemical esterification of waste mulberry wood by wet Ball-milling with tetrabutylammonium fluoride","volume":"285","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Bioresour. Technol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9669","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.4c00953","article-title":"One-step solvent-free strategy to efficiently synthesize high-substitution cellulose esters","volume":"12","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8805","DOI":"10.1007\/s10570-023-05435-x","article-title":"Mechanochemical esterification of cellulose nanofibers lyophilized from eutectic water\u2013tert-butanol mixtures","volume":"30","author":"Mavlan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cellulose"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27558","DOI":"10.1039\/D3RA04715F","article-title":"Effect of cellulose materials on the mechanochemical-assisted reaction system with oleic acid","volume":"13","author":"Lease","year":"2023","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7655","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.2c07364","article-title":"Efficient conversion of cellulose to thermoplastics by mechanochemical esterification","volume":"11","author":"Hou","year":"2023","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1002\/pen.70297","article-title":"Mechanochemical treatment of cellulose: a strategy for developing functional biocomposite materials","volume":"66","author":"da Luz","year":"2026","journal-title":"Polym. Eng. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-3002(60)91534-1","article-title":"Structure of the paramylon from Euglena gracilis","volume":"44","author":"Clarke","year":"1960","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0110","unstructured":"Euglena Co., Ltd., (n.d.). https:\/\/www.euglena.jp\/news\/n20170131\/ (accessed April 9, 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17094","DOI":"10.1021\/acssuschemeng.5c03341","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and fruit coating application of water-soluble methyl paramylon","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2025","journal-title":"ACS Sustain. Chem. Eng."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymdegradstab.2017.05.011","article-title":"Synthesis, properties and molecular conformation of paramylon ester derivatives","volume":"145","author":"Gan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Polym. Degrad. Stab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM.2002.79.1.1","article-title":"Zein: a history of processing and use","volume":"79","author":"Lawton","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"760","DOI":"10.1007\/s12155-017-9837-4","article-title":"Maize kernel hardness, endosperm zein profiles, and ethanol production","volume":"10","author":"Gerde","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioenergy Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/S0926-6690(00)00064-9","article-title":"Zein: the industrial protein from corn","volume":"13","author":"Shukla","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ind. Crops Prod."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM-06-10-0091","article-title":"Zein extraction from corn, corn products, and coproducts and modifications for various applications: a review","volume":"88","author":"Anderson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/polym14050986","article-title":"Protein-based hydrogels: promising materials for tissue engineering","volume":"14","author":"Davari","year":"2022","journal-title":"Polymers (Basel)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0150","article-title":"High capacity functionalized protein superabsorbents from an agricultural co-product: a cradle-to-cradle approach","volume":"4","author":"Capezza","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adv. Sustain. Syst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s42114-024-01114-y","article-title":"Improving properties of soy protein\u2013based hydrogel composites by incorporating bamboo biochar towards slow release and water retention of fertilizers and enhanced plant growth","volume":"8","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Adv. Compos. Hybrid Mater."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules31111830","article-title":"Mechanochemical preparation of superabsorbent materials from okara and itaconic acid","volume":"31","author":"Hafeez","year":"2026","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1016\/j.geoderma.2012.03.022","article-title":"Evaluation of 1:5 soil to water extract electrical conductivity methods","volume":"185\u2013186","author":"He","year":"2012","journal-title":"Geoderma"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5564","DOI":"10.1039\/C7GC02489D","article-title":"Esterification and hydrolysis of cellulose using oxalic acid dihydrate in a solvent-free reaction suitable for preparation of surface-functionalised cellulose nanocrystals with high yield","volume":"19","author":"Li","year":"2017","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jenvman.2021.112698","article-title":"Phytotoxicity test in check: proposition of methodology for comparison of different method adaptations usually used worldwide","volume":"291","author":"Mendes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J. Environ. Manage."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy14112573","article-title":"Phytotoxicity assessment of agro-industrial waste and its biochar: germination bioassay in four horticultural species","volume":"14","author":"Zabaleta","year":"2024","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1093\/aob\/mcn093","article-title":"C4 photosynthesis and water stress","volume":"103","author":"Ghannoum","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envexpbot.2020.104055","article-title":"Lignin-based hydrogel alleviates drought stress in maize","volume":"175","author":"Mazloom","year":"2020","journal-title":"Environ. Exp. Bot."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy13092324","article-title":"Alleviation of water-deficit stress on seed germination of barley and fenugreek in a sandy soil using superabsorbent polymer","volume":"13","author":"Ali","year":"2023","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01074369","article-title":"NPK-fertilizer efficiency\u2014a situation analysis for the tropics","volume":"10","author":"Baligar","year":"1986","journal-title":"Fertil. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2339","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbamem.2013.01.014","article-title":"FTIR spectroscopic imaging of protein aggregation in living cells","volume":"1828","author":"Miller","year":"2013","journal-title":"Biochim. Biophys. Acta Biomembr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules30153163","article-title":"Hetero-disubstituted sugarcane bagasse as an efficient bioadsorbent for cationic dyes","volume":"30","author":"Elias Carvalho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2024.121910","article-title":"Superabsorbent carboxymethyl cellulose\u2013based hydrogel fabricated by liquid-metal-induced double crosslinking polymerisation","volume":"331","author":"Cao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Carbohydr. Polym."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eurpolymj.2019.03.013","article-title":"Development of a biobased superabsorbent polymer from recycled cellulose for diapers applications","volume":"116","author":"Lacoste","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Polym. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0225","unstructured":"EF Polymer, (n.d.). https:\/\/www.efpolymer.com\/en-us\/product (accessed June 12, 2026)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8867","DOI":"10.1021\/jf5021279","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization, and swelling behaviors of salt-sensitive maize bran-poly(acrylic acid) superabsorbent hydrogel","volume":"62","author":"Zhang","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Agric. Food Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eti.2023.103371","article-title":"Synthesis and application of super absorbent polymers synthesized with ammonia solution and diatomaceous earth with low toxic residues","volume":"32","author":"Situ","year":"2023","journal-title":"Environ. Technol. Innov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/pr9061076","article-title":"Freeze-drying versus heat-drying: effect on protein-based superabsorbent material","volume":"9","author":"\u00c1lvarez-Castillo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Processes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1007\/s11249-024-01879-9","article-title":"An analysis of shear-dependent mechanochemical reaction kinetics","volume":"72","author":"Rana","year":"2024","journal-title":"Tribol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/cells9092113","article-title":"Hyaluronic acid biomaterials for central nervous system regenerative medicine","volume":"9","author":"Jensen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cells"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2018.04.073","article-title":"Multi-scale characterization of surface-crosslinked superabsorbent polymer hydrogel spheres","volume":"145","author":"Chang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Polymer (Guildf)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Biological Macromolecules"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813026043345?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0141813026043345?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,5]],"date-time":"2026-11-05T22:29:06Z","timestamp":1793917746000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0141813026043345"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"references-count":51,"alternative-id":["S0141813026043345"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388","relation":{},"ISSN":["0141-8130"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0141-8130","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Solvent-free mechanochemical synthesis of superabsorbent polymers derived from paramylon and zein","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Biological Macromolecules","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2026.154388","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}],"article-number":"154388"}}