{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,16]],"date-time":"2026-05-16T11:46:02Z","timestamp":1778931962442,"version":"3.51.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2010,8,1]],"date-time":"2010-08-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1280620800000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2009,2,26]],"date-time":"2009-02-26T05:07:34Z","timestamp":1235624854000},"page":"57-62","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA but not mRNA in stenotic aortic heart valves"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"143","author":[{"given":"Marie","family":"Edvinsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eva","family":"Hjelm","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Thelin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G\u00f6ran","family":"Friman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christina","family":"Nystr\u00f6m-Rosander","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(93)90249-Z","article-title":"Prevalence of aortic valve abnormalities in the elderly: an echocardiographic study of a random population sample","volume":"21","author":"Lindroos,","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00563-3","article-title":"Clinical factors associated with calcific aortic valve disease. Cardiovascular health study","volume":"29","author":"Stewart","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib3","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"920","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000155623.48408.C5","article-title":"Frequency by decades of unicuspid, bicuspid, and tricuspid aortic valves in adults having isolated aortic valve replacement for aortic stenosis, with or without associated aortic regurgitation","volume":"111","author":"Roberts","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2262","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.95.9.2262","article-title":"Prospective study of asymptomatic valvular aortic stenosis. Clinical, echocardiographic, and exercise predictors of outcome","volume":"95","author":"Otto","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.90.2.844","article-title":"Characterization of the early lesion of 'degenerative' valvular aortic stenosis. Histological and immunohistochemical studies","volume":"90","author":"Otto","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.88.4.348","article-title":"T lymphocyte infiltration in non-rheumatic aortic stenosis: a comparative descriptive study between tricuspid and bicuspid aortic valves","volume":"88","author":"Wallby","year":"2002","journal-title":"Heart"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib7","series-title":"Current diagnosis & treatment in cardiology, Second Edition","article-title":"Aortic stenosis, p. Chapter 8","author":"Carabello","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib8","series-title":"Cardiac surgery in the adult","article-title":"Pathophysiology of aortic valve disease, 2nd edition, p. Chapter 30","author":"Mihaljevic","year":"2003"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro796","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae\u2014an infectious risk factor for atherosclerosis?","volume":"2","author":"Campbell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib10","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(01)00168-2","article-title":"Evidence for infectious agents in cardiovascular disease and atherosclerosis","volume":"2","author":"Leinonen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib11","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.1385\/BTER:91:2:97","article-title":"Interactions between Chlamydia pneumoniae and trace elements: a possible link to aortic valve sclerosis","volume":"91","author":"Nystrom-Rosander","year":"2003","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.3109\/00365549709011831","article-title":"High incidence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in sclerotic heart valves of patients undergoing aortic valve replacement","volume":"29","author":"Nystrom-Rosander","year":"1997","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2003.10.009","article-title":"Demonstration of intracellular microorganisms (Rickettsia spp., Chlamydia pneumoniae, Bartonella spp.) in pathological human aortic valves by PCR","volume":"50","author":"Nilsson","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Infect"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(97)00003-X","article-title":"Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in human nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves","volume":"29","author":"Juvonen","year":"1997","journal-title":"J Am Coll Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib15","first-page":"68","article-title":"Persistence of Chlamydia pneumoniae in degenerative aortic valve stenosis indicated by heat shock protein 60 homologues","volume":"12","author":"Skowasch","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Heart Valve Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib16","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1322","DOI":"10.1086\/515280","article-title":"Evidence of systemic dissemination of Chlamydia pneumoniae via macrophages in the mouse","volume":"177","author":"Moazed","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib17","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2334-2-21","article-title":"Association of circulating Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA with cardiovascular disease: a systematic review","volume":"2","author":"Smieja","year":"2002","journal-title":"BMC Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1843","DOI":"10.1128\/IAI.72.4.1843-1855.2004","article-title":"Chlamydial persistence: beyond the biphasic paradigm","volume":"72","author":"Hogan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Infect Immun"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540600617058","article-title":"Chlamydophila pneumonia: specific mRNA in aorta ascendens in patients undergoing coronary artery by-pass grafting","volume":"38","author":"Nystrom-Rosander","year":"2006","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib20","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.1007\/s100169900277","article-title":"Demonstration of viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in atherosclerotic plaques of carotid arteries by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction","volume":"13","author":"Esposito","year":"1999","journal-title":"Ann Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2748","DOI":"10.1161\/hs1201.099631","article-title":"C-reactive protein levels and viable Chlamydia pneumoniae in carotid artery atherosclerosis","volume":"32","author":"Johnston","year":"2001","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib22","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.6.2273-2274.2002","article-title":"Quantitative detection of respiratory Chlamydia pneumoniae infection by real-time PCR","volume":"40","author":"Kuoppa","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib23","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-1759(98)00137-9","article-title":"Detection of HLA-B27 alleles by group-specific amplification and time-resolved fluorometry","volume":"219","author":"Valimaa","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Immunol Methods"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib24","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"885","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01962368","article-title":"Chlamydial infections of the heart","volume":"11","author":"Odeh","year":"1992","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1699-0463.1998.tb00217.x","article-title":"Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in calcific and degenerative arteriosclerotic aortic valves excised during open heart surgery","volume":"106","author":"Andreasen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Apmis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib26","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"660","DOI":"10.1080\/00365540210147796","article-title":"Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in aortic valves and peripheral blood mononuclear cells from patients undergoing aortic valve replacement in Norway","volume":"34","author":"Vainio","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"300","DOI":"10.1016\/S1054-8807(02)00116-3","article-title":"Failure to detect Chlamydia pneumoniae in senile calcific aortic stenosis or calcified congenital bicuspid aortic valve by immunofluorescence, polymerase chain reaction and electron microscopy","volume":"11","author":"Rose","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"741","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-128-9-199805010-00007","article-title":"Can degenerative aortic valve stenosis be related to persistent Chlamydia pneumoniae infection?","volume":"128","author":"Juvonen","year":"1998","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.04.022","article-title":"Density of Chlamydia pneumoniae is increased in fibrotic and calcified areas of degenerative aortic stenosis","volume":"108","author":"Pierri","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib30","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"519","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.39.2.519-524.2001","article-title":"Multicenter comparison trial of DNA extraction methods and PCR assays for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae in endarterectomy specimens","volume":"39","author":"Apfalter","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib31","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1454","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.41.4.1454-1457.2003","article-title":"Distribution of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in atherosclerotic carotid arteries: significance for sampling procedures","volume":"41","author":"Cochrane","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"313","DOI":"10.1136\/jcp.46.4.313","article-title":"Detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Chlamydia psittaci in sputum samples by PCR","volume":"46","author":"Tong","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1086\/322632","article-title":"Standardizing Chlamydia pneumoniae assays: recommendations from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (USA) and the Laboratory Centre for Disease Control (Canada)","volume":"33","author":"Dowell","year":"2001","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5835","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.43.12.5835-5841.2005","article-title":"In-house nucleic acid amplification assays in research: how much quality control is needed before one can rely upon the results?","volume":"43","author":"Apfalter","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib35","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4428","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.40.12.4428-4434.2002","article-title":"Reliability of nested PCR for detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in atheromas: results from a multicenter study applying standardized protocols","volume":"40","author":"Apfalter","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib36","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s10096-002-0858-2","article-title":"Rapid and standardized detection of Chlamydia pneumoniae using LightCycler real-time fluorescence PCR","volume":"22","author":"Reischl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib37","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2006.10.004","article-title":"Role of inflammation in nonrheumatic, regurgitant heart valve disease. A comparative, descriptive study regarding apolipoproteins and inflammatory cells in nonrheumatic heart valve disease","volume":"16","author":"Wallby","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199901143400207","article-title":"Atherosclerosis\u2014an inflammatory disease","volume":"340","author":"Ross","year":"1999","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"601","DOI":"10.1136\/heart.85.6.601","article-title":"Why is there discordance between calcific aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease?","volume":"85","author":"Otto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Heart"},{"issue":"Suppl 3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib40","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S402","DOI":"10.1086\/315596","article-title":"Background and current knowledge of Chlamydia pneumoniae and atherosclerosis","volume":"181","author":"Grayston","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Infect Dis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1023\/B:MCBI.0000026066.64125.71","article-title":"Heat-inactivated C. pneumoniae organisms are not atherogenic","volume":"260","author":"Sharma","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib42","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.05.025","article-title":"No detectable Chlamydia pneumoniae and cytomegalovirus DNA in leukocytes in subjects with echolucent and echogenic carotid artery plaques","volume":"117","author":"Halvorsen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib43","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2024","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.0000137765.64705.d8","article-title":"No evidence of involvement of Chlamydia pneumoniae in severe cerebrovascular atherosclerosis by means of quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction","volume":"35","author":"Apfalter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib44","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1218","DOI":"10.1161\/01.ATV.19.5.1218","article-title":"Presence of oxidized low density lipoprotein in nonrheumatic stenotic aortic valves","volume":"19","author":"Olsson","year":"1999","journal-title":"Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"773","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehi697","article-title":"Statin therapy of calcific aortic stenosis: hype or hope?","volume":"27","author":"Liebe","year":"2006","journal-title":"Eur Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1291","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000140723.15274.53","article-title":"Statins but not angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors delay progression of aortic stenosis","volume":"110","author":"Rosenhek","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib47","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1128\/jcm.31.8.2212-2214.1993","article-title":"Serological response to Chlamydia pneumoniae in adults with coronary arterial fatty streaks and fibrolipid plaques","volume":"31","author":"Puolakkainen","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Clin Microbiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1027","DOI":"10.1067\/mva.2003.200","article-title":"Chlamydia pneumoniae DNA in patients with symptomatic carotid atherosclerotic disease","volume":"37","author":"Sessa","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Vasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052_bib49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.048","article-title":"Ethical authorship and publishing","volume":"131","author":"Coats","year":"2009","journal-title":"Int J Cardiol"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527309001193?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527309001193?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:25:09Z","timestamp":1759091109000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527309001193"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"references-count":49,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167527309001193"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2010,8]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Presence of Chlamydophila pneumoniae DNA but not mRNA in stenotic aortic heart valves","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.01.052","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2009 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}