{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,3]],"date-time":"2026-07-03T23:50:59Z","timestamp":1783122659701,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,1,1]],"date-time":"2013-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1356998400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2011,11,10]],"date-time":"2011-11-10T04:25:46Z","timestamp":1320899146000},"page":"86-91","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":76,"title":["Pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation: Mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"162","author":[{"given":"Mabrouk","family":"Bahloul","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anis","family":"Chaari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hassen","family":"Dammak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohamed","family":"Samet","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kamilia","family":"Chtara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hedi","family":"Chelly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chokri","family":"Ben Hamida","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatem","family":"Kallel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mounir","family":"Bouaziz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"918","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2008.09.004","article-title":"Epidemiological, clinical characteristics and outcome of severe scorpion envenomation in South Tunisia: multivariate analysis of 951 cases","volume":"52","author":"Bouaziz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198103000-00212","article-title":"Respiratory failure among patients after scorpion sting","volume":"15","author":"Jeddi","year":"1981","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0625","series-title":"Natural Toxins","first-page":"139","article-title":"Pathophysiology and treatment of scorpion poisoning","author":"Freire Maia","year":"1989"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(93)90746-Y","article-title":"Acute pulmonary edema after Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting in children","volume":"71","author":"Amaral","year":"1993","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0635","first-page":"398","article-title":"Non cardiac pulmonary edema in scorpion bite","volume":"41","author":"Mathur","year":"1993","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0030","first-page":"405","article-title":"Scorpionism in South Africa","volume":"83","author":"Muller","year":"1993","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90378-6","article-title":"Scorpion sting induced pulmonary edema: evidence of increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability","volume":"32","author":"Amaral","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1097\/01.CCM.0000249851.94101.4F","article-title":"Cardiac filling pressures are not appropriate to predict hemodynamic response to volume challenge","volume":"35","author":"Osman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1326","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.111.5.1326","article-title":"Evidence for a hydrostatic mechanism in human neurogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"111","author":"Smith","year":"1997","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01711539","article-title":"Assessment of left ventricular function in severe scorpion envenomation: combined hemodynamic and echo-Doppler study","volume":"2","author":"Abroug","year":"1995","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0055","first-page":"855","article-title":"Catecholamine excretion in scorpion sting","volume":"5","author":"Gueron","year":"1969","journal-title":"Isr J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.57.2.156","article-title":"Cardiovascular manifestations of severe scorpion sting. Clinicopathologic correlations","volume":"57","author":"Gueron","year":"1970","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(70)90171-6","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of scorpion venom, morphological changes in the myocardium","volume":"8","author":"Yarom","year":"1970","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0070","first-page":"21","article-title":"Electron microscopic studies of the myocardial changes produced by scorpion venom","volume":"24","author":"Yarom","year":"1971","journal-title":"Lab Invest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"703","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(00)00200-2","article-title":"Evidence for a direct action of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom on the cardiac muscle","volume":"39","author":"Teixeira","year":"2001","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1005","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(90)90138-W","article-title":"Echocardiographic and radionuclide angiographic observations following scorpion envenomation by Leiurus quinquestriatus","volume":"28","author":"Gueron","year":"1990","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1478","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.6.1478","article-title":"Scorpion sting-induced pulmonary edema. Scintigraphic evidence of cardiac dysfunction","volume":"97","author":"Rahav","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1675","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90327-1","article-title":"Abnormal coronary perfusion in experimental scorpion envenomation","volume":"32","author":"Margulis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0645","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"382","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(91)90293-Z","article-title":"Myocardial injury without heart failure following envenomation by the scorpion leirus quinquestriatus in children","volume":"29","author":"Sofer","year":"1991","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(76)90096-9","article-title":"Electrocardiographic studies with scorpion (Buthus Minax, L. Koch) venom","volume":"14","author":"Ismail","year":"1976","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"329","DOI":"10.1016\/0742-8413(91)90213-D","article-title":"Effects of Tityus serrulatus scorpion venom and one of its purified toxins (toxin gamma) on the isolated guinea-pig heart","volume":"98","author":"Silveira","year":"1991","journal-title":"Comp Biochem Physiol C"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-003-2082-7","article-title":"Evidence of myocardial ischemia in severe scorpion envenomation: \u201cmyocardial perfusion scintigraphy study\u201d","volume":"30","author":"Bahloul","year":"2004","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1080\/02724936.1993.11747642","article-title":"Reversible cardiomypathy in patients with severe scorpion envenoming by Tityus serrulatus: evolution of enzymatic, electrocardiographic and echocardiographic alterations","volume":"13","author":"Hering","year":"1993","journal-title":"Ann Trop Paediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(92)90512-T","article-title":"Scorpion venom cardiomyopathy","volume":"123","author":"Kumar","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1472-8206.2000.tb00416.x","article-title":"Characterization and mechanisms of the cardiovascular and haemodynamic alterations induced by scorpion venom in rats","volume":"14","author":"Zeghal","year":"2000","journal-title":"Fundam Clin Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2005.01.017","article-title":"Neurohormonal activation in severe scorpion envenomation: correlation with hemodynamics and circulating toxin","volume":"208","author":"Nouira","year":"2005","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.83.2.363","article-title":"Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imagining. A diagnostic tool comes of age","volume":"83","author":"Brown","year":"1991","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0670","first-page":"1043","article-title":"Myocardial viability. Study of viability by myocardial scintigraphy","volume":"27","author":"Pezard","year":"1998","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-8703(85)90597-6","article-title":"Coronary vasoconstriction and catecholamine cardiomyopathy","volume":"109","author":"Simons","year":"1985","journal-title":"Am Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00208-8","article-title":"Increased plasma levels of IL-1beta, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10 and TNF-alpha in patients moderately or severely envenomed by Tityus serrulatus scorpion sting","volume":"41","author":"Fukuhara","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.92.7.2691","article-title":"Endothelin 1 mediates ex vivo coronary vasoconstriction caused by exogenous and endogenous cytokines","volume":"92","author":"Klemm","year":"1995","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.94.2.190","article-title":"Coronary artery spasm does not depend on the intracellular calcium store but is substantially mediated by the protein kinase C-mediated pathway in a swine model with interleukin-1 beta in vivo","volume":"94","author":"Kadokami","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(88)90258-9","article-title":"Respiratory failure in children following envenomation by the scorpion Leiurus quinquestriatus: hemodynamic and neurological aspects","volume":"26","author":"Sofer","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"162","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.107.1.162","article-title":"Left ventricular dysfunction in deteriorating patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"107","author":"Render","year":"1995","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"498","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-198307000-00003","article-title":"Value of extravascular lung water measurement vs portable chest X-ray in the management of pulmonary edema","volume":"11","author":"Sivak","year":"1983","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"309","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00254322","article-title":"Bedside estimation of extravascular lung water in critically ill patients: comparison of the chest radiograph and the thermal dye technique","volume":"10","author":"Laggner","year":"1984","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.88.5.649","article-title":"Evaluation of the portable chest roentgenogram for quantitating extravascular lung water in critically ill adults","volume":"88","author":"Halperin","year":"1985","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.85.1.59","article-title":"Dyspnea: the heart or the lungs? Differentiation at bedside by use of the simple Valsalva maneuver","volume":"85","author":"Zema","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(94)92690-5","article-title":"Plasma brain natriuretic peptide in assessment of acute dyspnoea","volume":"343","author":"Davis","year":"1994","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0715","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)03034-1","article-title":"Biochemical detection of left-ventricular systolic dysfunction","volume":"351","author":"McDonagh","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0720","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.4.1100","article-title":"Dyspnea differentiation index. A new method for the rapid separation of cardiac vs pulmonary dyspnea","volume":"116","author":"Ailani","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1600","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-002-1480-6","article-title":"Value of the plasma protein and hemoglobin concentration in the diagnosis of pulmonary edema in scorpion sting patients","volume":"28","author":"Bahloul","year":"2002","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(78)90103-0","article-title":"Effect of after load reduction on plasma volume during acute heart failure","volume":"42","author":"Henning","year":"1978","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.57.2.349","article-title":"Blood volume prior to and following treatment of acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"57","author":"Figueras","year":"1978","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"195","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.55.1.195","article-title":"Increase in plasma oncotic pressure during acute cardiogenic pulmonary edema","volume":"55","author":"Figueras","year":"1977","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0745","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"344","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.30.3.344","article-title":"Some observations on hematocrit changes in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"30","author":"Sedziwy","year":"1968","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1028","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1974.226.5.1028","article-title":"Estimation of fluid shifts and protein permeability during pulmonary edemagenesis","volume":"226","author":"Weiser","year":"1974","journal-title":"Am J Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0755","first-page":"CR196","article-title":"Neurological complications secondary to severe scorpion envenomation","volume":"11","author":"Bahloul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Med Sci Monit"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.4037\/ajcc2006.15.5.462","article-title":"Neurogenic pulmonary edema due to traumatic brain injury: evidence of cardiac dysfunction","volume":"15","author":"Bahloul","year":"2006","journal-title":"Am J Crit Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.97.1.118","article-title":"Vasodilators and hypertensive encephalopathy following scorpion envenomation in children","volume":"97","author":"Sofer","year":"1990","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1097\/00003246-199705000-00020","article-title":"Scorpion venom leads to gastrointestinal ischemia despite increased oxygen delivery in pigs","volume":"25","author":"Sofer","year":"1997","journal-title":"Crit Care Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"387","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bpa.2009.09.003","article-title":"How accurately do we measure blood glucose levels in intensive care unit (ICU) patients?","volume":"23","author":"Wahl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Best Pract Res Clin Anaesthesiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90378-6","article-title":"Scorpion sting-induced pulmonary oedema: evidence of increased alveolocapillary membrane permeability","volume":"32","author":"Amaral","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(96)00206-1","article-title":"Both cardiogenic and non-cardiogenic factors are involved in the pathogenesis of pulmonary oedema after scorpion envenoming","volume":"35","author":"Amaral","year":"1997","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0765","article-title":"The blood levels of glucagon, cortisol, and insulin following the injection of venom by the scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus concanesis, Pocock) in dogs","volume":"Vol. 5","author":"Murthy","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Venomous Anim Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0415","first-page":"157","article-title":"Insulinaemia after grave envenomation by scorpion sting (GESS)","volume":"34","author":"Bouaziz","year":"1996","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1093\/bja\/42.4.295","article-title":"The influence of anaesthesis and surgery on plasma cortisol, insulin and free fatty acids","volume":"42","author":"Clarke","year":"1970","journal-title":"Br J Anaesth"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.59.6.663","article-title":"Raised concentrations of glucose and adrenaline and increased in vivo platelet activation after myocardial infarction","volume":"59","author":"Oswald","year":"1988","journal-title":"Br Heart J"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1067\/mtc.2002.121973","article-title":"Hyperglycemia exaggerates ischemia\u2013reperfusion-induced cardiomyocyte injury: reversal with endothelin antagonism","volume":"123","author":"Verma","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"367","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00331-8","article-title":"Relationship between plasmatic levels of various cytokines, tumor necrosis factor, enzymes, glucose and venom concentration following Tityus scorpion sting","volume":"41","author":"Suze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)12083-4","article-title":"Serotherapy in scorpion envenomation: a randomised control trial","volume":"354","author":"Abroug","year":"1999","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2000.62.277","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation and serotherapy in Morocco","volume":"62","author":"Ghalim","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0450","first-page":"85","article-title":"Preparation of a potent anti-scorpion-venom-serum against the venom of red scorpion (Buthus tamulus)","volume":"44","author":"Kankonkar","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.70938","article-title":"Efficacy of anti-scorpion venom serum over prazosin in the management of severe scorpion envenomation","volume":"56","author":"Natu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Postgrad Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0775","unstructured":"Jeffrey N. Bernstein. Antivenom (Scorpion And Spider). Antidotes In Depth. The Clinical Basis Of Medical Toxicology. Part C; 1623\u20131628."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0465","first-page":"123","article-title":"Development of an improved method for production of antiscorpion F(ab\u2032)2 fragment of IgG with high yield and potency","volume":"11","author":"Seddik","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Nat Toxins"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxicon.2009.08.014","article-title":"General biochemical and immunological characterization of the venom from the scorpion Tityus trivittatus of Argentina","volume":"55","author":"De Roodt","year":"2010","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"973","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-3476(05)83196-8","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation and antivenom therapy","volume":"124","author":"Sofer","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1339","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(02)00145-9","article-title":"Sympathetic nervous system activation, antivenin administration and cardiovascular manifestations of scorpion envenomation","volume":"40","author":"Mazzei De D\u00e0vila","year":"2002","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(99)00079-3","article-title":"Evaluation of antivenom therapy in children severely envenomed by Androctonus australis garzonii (Aag) and Buthus occitanus tunetanus (Bot) scorpions","volume":"11","author":"Krifi","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1015","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(94)90383-2","article-title":"Scorpionism and serotherapy in Mexico","volume":"32","author":"Dehesa-D\u00e1vila","year":"1994","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1507","DOI":"10.1016\/S0041-0101(98)00141-X","article-title":"Immunotherapy for scorpion envenoming in Brazil","volume":"36","author":"Rezende","year":"1998","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"667","DOI":"10.1097\/PEC.0b013e3182228dfa","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation and antivenom therapy","volume":"27","author":"Tuuri","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Emerg Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0520","first-page":"14","article-title":"Utility of scorpion antivenin vs prazosin in the management of severe Mesobuthus tamulus (Indian red scorpion) envenoming at rural setting","volume":"55","author":"Bawaskar","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2090","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808455","article-title":"Antivenom for critically ill children with neurotoxicity from scorpion stings","volume":"360","author":"Boyer","year":"2009","journal-title":"N Engl J Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0790","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.1016\/S0755-4982(05)88241-7","article-title":"Cardiovascular dysfunction following severe scorpion envenomation. Mechanisms and physiopathology","volume":"34","author":"Bahloul","year":"2005","journal-title":"Presse Med"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"445","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(78)91238-2","article-title":"Pulmonary edema after scorpion sting","volume":"1","author":"Gaitonde","year":"1978","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/0960327109359639","article-title":"Prazosin treatment in the management of scorpion envenomation","volume":"29","author":"Peker","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum Exp Toxicol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"510","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(86)92979-X","article-title":"Prazosin is management of cardiovascular manifestations of scorpion sting (letter)","volume":"1","author":"Bawaskar","year":"1986","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1080\/00034983.1987.11812175","article-title":"Prazosin for vasodilatory treatment of acute pulmonary edema due to scorpion sting","volume":"81","author":"Bawaskar","year":"1987","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/0041-0101(87)90170-X","article-title":"What is the treatment of cardiovascular complications of scorpion envenomation?","volume":"25","author":"Gueron","year":"1988","journal-title":"Toxicon"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.66.2.298","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation","volume":"66","author":"Rimsza","year":"1980","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0795","first-page":"1175","article-title":"Prazosin therapy and scorpion envenomation","volume":"48","author":"Bawaskar","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Assoc Physicians India"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"150","DOI":"10.1093\/tropej\/fmi097","article-title":"Prazosin: a pharmacological antidote for scorpion envenomation","volume":"52","author":"Gupta","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Trop Pediatr"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c7136","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c7136","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of scorpion antivenom plus prazosin compared with prazosin alone for venomous scorpion (Mesobuthus tamulus) sting: randomised open label clinical trial","volume":"342","author":"Bawaskar","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0800","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"748","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.116.3.748","article-title":"Dobutamine in severe scorpion envenomation: effects on standard hemodynamics, right ventricular performance, and tissue oxygenation","volume":"116","author":"Elatrous","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.4269\/ajtmh.2010.10-0036","article-title":"Scorpion envenomation among children: clinical manifestations and outcome (analysis of 685 cases)","volume":"83","author":"Bahloul","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Trop Med Hyg"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1987.62.3.1006","article-title":"Elevation of superior vena caval pressure increases extravascular lung water after endotoxemia","volume":"62","author":"Allen","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Appl Physiol"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trstmh.2003.12.018","article-title":"Scorpion envenoming in two regions of Colombia: clinical, epidemiological and therapeutic aspects","volume":"98","author":"Otero","year":"2004","journal-title":"Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527311018717?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527311018717?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:33:01Z","timestamp":1759091581000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527311018717"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"references-count":89,"journal-issue":{"issue":"2","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]}},"alternative-id":["S0167527311018717"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2013,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Pulmonary edema following scorpion envenomation: Mechanisms, clinical manifestations, diagnosis and treatment","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.10.013","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}