{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T17:10:37Z","timestamp":1773076237791,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,7,1]],"date-time":"2015-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1435708800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,4,17]],"date-time":"2015-04-17T22:20:36Z","timestamp":1429309236000},"page":"133-139","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Inhaled bronchodilators and the risk of tachyarrhythmias"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"190","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9960-1524","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chang-Hoon","family":"Lee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Seongmi","family":"Choi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Eun Jin","family":"Jang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Han-Mo","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ho Il","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yun Jung","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jimin","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jae-Joon","family":"Yim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Deog Kyeom","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0005","series-title":"Global Strategy for Asthma Management and Prevention","author":"Global Initiative for Asthma","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0010","series-title":"Global Strategy for the Diagnosis, Management, and Prevention of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease","author":"Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease","year":"2014"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1598","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.154.6.8970341","article-title":"Bronchodilators and acute cardiac death","volume":"154","author":"Suissa","year":"1996","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.53.7.558","article-title":"Risk of non-fatal cardiac failure and ischaemic heart disease with long acting beta 2 agonists","volume":"53","author":"Martin","year":"1998","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"827","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.161.3.9904006","article-title":"The risk of myocardial infarction associated with inhaled beta-adrenoceptor agonists","volume":"161","author":"Au","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.121.3.846","article-title":"Association between inhaled beta-agonists and the risk of unstable angina and myocardial infarction","volume":"121","author":"Au","year":"2002","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1213\/00000539-199701000-00027","article-title":"The effects of reversal of neuromuscular blockade on autonomic control in the perioperative period","volume":"84","author":"van Vlymen","year":"1997","journal-title":"Anesth. Analg."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rmed.2010.11.027","article-title":"Cardio- and cerebrovascular safety of indacaterol vs formoterol, salmeterol, tiotropium and placebo in COPD","volume":"105","author":"Worth","year":"2011","journal-title":"Respir. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2309","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.125.6.2309","article-title":"Cardiovascular effects of beta-agonists in patients with asthma and COPD: a meta-analysis","volume":"125","author":"Salpeter","year":"2004","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1136\/thoraxjnl-2011-201275","article-title":"Pro-arrhythmic and pro-ischaemic effects of inhaled anticholinergic medications","volume":"68","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.114.2.411","article-title":"Cardiac effects of formoterol and salmeterol in patients suffering from COPD with preexisting cardiac arrhythmias and hypoxemia","volume":"114","author":"Cazzola","year":"1998","journal-title":"Chest"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2013.1016","article-title":"Cardiovascular safety of inhaled long-acting bronchodilators in individuals with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"173","author":"Gershon","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.2147\/COPD.S39018","article-title":"The safety of long-acting beta2-agonists in the treatment of stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"8","author":"Decramer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Chron. Obstruct. Pulmon. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"571","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2006.06.003","article-title":"Cardiac safety of formoterol 12 microg twice daily in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"20","author":"Campbell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"d3215","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d3215","article-title":"Mortality associated with tiotropium mist inhaler in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials","volume":"342","author":"Singh","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"590","DOI":"10.1183\/09031936.00042213","article-title":"Tiotropium Respimat increases the risk of mortality: con","volume":"42","author":"Bateman","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Respir. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"91","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pupt.2014.04.009","article-title":"Comparative mortality risk of tiotropium administered via handihaler or respimat in COPD patients: are they equivalent?","volume":"28","author":"Mathioudakis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pulm. Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.4103\/0022-3859.58946","article-title":"Paroxysmal atrial tachycardia associated with prednisolone administration","volume":"55","author":"Cholongitas","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Postgrad. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"75","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jns.2011.07.018","article-title":"Incidence of various cardiac arrhythmias and conduction disturbances due to high dose intravenous methylprednisolone in patients with multiple sclerosis","volume":"309","author":"Vasheghani-Farahani","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Neurol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/WNF.0b013e3182764f91","article-title":"Short-term safety of pulse steroid therapy in multiple sclerosis relapses","volume":"36","author":"Shaygannejad","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1151","DOI":"10.2165\/00002018-200730120-00007","article-title":"Comparative safety of long-acting inhaled bronchodilators: a cohort study using the UK THIN primary care database","volume":"30","author":"Jara","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9494","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.85.24.9494","article-title":"Structural basis of beta-adrenergic receptor subtype specificity studied with chimeric beta 1\/beta 2-adrenergic receptors","volume":"85","author":"Frielle","year":"1988","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"415","DOI":"10.2165\/00002512-200825050-00005","article-title":"Potential adverse effects of bronchodilators in the treatment of airways obstruction in older people: recommendations for prescribing","volume":"25","author":"Gupta","year":"2008","journal-title":"Drugs Aging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S146","DOI":"10.1164\/ajrccm.158.supplement_2.13tac110","article-title":"The beta-adrenoceptor","volume":"158","author":"Johnson","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-6997(25)06662-1","article-title":"Beta 1- and beta 2-adrenoceptors in the human heart: properties, function, and alterations in chronic heart failure","volume":"43","author":"Brodde","year":"1991","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1514","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000056767.69054.B3","article-title":"Why are patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at increased risk of cardiovascular diseases? The potential role of systemic inflammation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"107","author":"Sin","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"255","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(80)90363-0","article-title":"The problem of \u201cprotopathic bias\u201d in case\u2013control studies","volume":"68","author":"Horwitz","year":"1980","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2010.136077","article-title":"Cardiovascular events in patients with COPD: TORCH study results","volume":"65","author":"Calverley","year":"2010","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S188","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e3181de112a","article-title":"Drug-induced arrhythmias","volume":"38","author":"Barnes","year":"2010","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1513\/pats.200708-142ET","article-title":"Cardiac disease in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease","volume":"5","author":"Falk","year":"2008","journal-title":"Proc. Am. Thorac. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2008.04.070","article-title":"Impact of beta1-adrenergic receptor polymorphisms on susceptibility to heart failure, arrhythmogenesis, prognosis, and response to beta-blocker therapy","volume":"102","author":"Biolo","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.111.969618","article-title":"Adrenergic receptor polymorphisms and prevention of ventricular arrhythmias with bucindolol in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"6","author":"Aleong","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527315008529?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527315008529?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:36:04Z","timestamp":1759091764000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527315008529"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0167527315008529"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,7]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Inhaled bronchodilators and the risk of tachyarrhythmias","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.04.129","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}