{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,18]],"date-time":"2026-01-18T22:22:15Z","timestamp":1768774935261,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":211,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,12,1]],"date-time":"2015-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1448928000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.fr","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,10,25]],"date-time":"2015-10-25T17:12:28Z","timestamp":1445793148000},"page":"e1-e12","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":18,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cardiac cachexia: hic et nunc"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"201","author":[{"given":"Goran","family":"Loncar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jochen","family":"Springer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Markus","family":"Anker","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Wolfram","family":"Doehner","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mitja","family":"Lainscak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0105-y","article-title":"Cachexia as a major public health problem: frequent, costly, and deadly","volume":"4","author":"Farkas","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0002-6","article-title":"Cachexia as a major underestimated and unmet medical need: facts and numbers","volume":"1","author":"von Haehling","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2008.06.013","article-title":"Argile's J, bales C, baracos V, guttridge D, et al. Cachexia: A new definition","volume":"27","author":"Evans","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"261","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0164-8","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence and clinical impact of cachexia: facts and numbers-update 2014","volume":"4","author":"von Haehling","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"626","DOI":"10.1007\/s12020-012-9836-3","article-title":"Prevalence of cachexia in chronic heart failure and characteristics of body composition and metabolic status","volume":"43","author":"Christensen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Endocrine"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"797","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2013.121","article-title":"Influence of additional criteria from a definition of cachexia on its prevalence \u2013 good or bad Thing?","volume":"67","author":"Letilovic","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0035","first-page":"212265","article-title":"One-year prevalence, comorbidities and cost of cachexia-related inpatient admissions in the USA","volume":"3","author":"Arthur","year":"2013","journal-title":"Drugs Context"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0013-3","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, cachexia and obesity in heart failure: rationale and design of the studies investigating Co-morbidities aggravating heart failure (SICA-HF)","volume":"1","author":"von Haehling","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs381","article-title":"Muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure: results from the studies investigating co-morbidities aggravating heart failure (SICA-HF)","volume":"34","author":"F\u00fclster","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.12788\/jcso.0133","article-title":"Health professionals' attitudes toward detection and management of cancer-related anorexia-cachexia syndrome, and a proposal for standardized assessment","volume":"13","author":"Del Fabbro","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Commun. Support. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1388","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.04.083","article-title":"Metabolic impairment in heart failure: the myocardial and systemic perspective","volume":"64","author":"Doehner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.09.079","article-title":"Metabolism and the heart: an overview of muscle, fat, and bone metabolism in heart failure","volume":"162","author":"Loncar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"301","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2009.12.015","article-title":"Relationship between high circulating adiponectin with bone mineral density and bone metabolism in elderly males with chronic heart failure","volume":"16","author":"Bozic","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199007263230405","article-title":"Elevated circulating levels of tumor necrosis factor in severe chronic heart failure","volume":"323","author":"Levine","year":"1990","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"356","DOI":"10.1136\/hrt.66.5.356","article-title":"Increased concentrations of tumour necrosis factor in \u201ccachectic\u201d patients with severe chronic heart failure","volume":"66","author":"McMurray","year":"1991","journal-title":"Br. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2013.10.025","article-title":"Recent insights on the molecular mechanisms and therapeutic approaches for cardiac cachexia","volume":"47","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2009.04.001","article-title":"Inflammatory biomarkers in heart failure revisited: much more than innocent bystanders","volume":"5","author":"von Haehling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Heart Fail Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(98)00872-8","article-title":"Cytokine network in congestive heart failure secondary to ischemic or idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy","volume":"83","author":"Aukrust","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"434","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.01.013","article-title":"Autonomic imbalance and immune activation in chronic heart failure\u2014pathophysiological links","volume":"70","author":"Jankowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.07.030","article-title":"Usefulness of minimal modelling to assess impaired insulin sensitivity in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"147","author":"Szabo","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0090-6","article-title":"Research on cachexia, sarcopenia and skeletal muscle in cardiology","volume":"3","author":"Coats","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0152-z","article-title":"Skeletal myopathy in patients with chronic heart failure: significance of anabolic-androgenic hormones","volume":"5","author":"Josiak","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"442","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardfail.2008.12.011","article-title":"Reduction in circulating testosterone relates to exercise capacity in men with chronic heart failure","volume":"15","author":"Jankowska","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1829","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.649426","article-title":"Anabolic deficiency in men with chronic heart failure: prevalence and detrimental impact on survival","volume":"114","author":"Jankowska","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"522","DOI":"10.1038\/bjp.2008.118","article-title":"Cellular and molecular mechanisms responsible for the action of testosterone on human skeletal muscle. A basis for illegal performance enhancement","volume":"154","author":"Kadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.317","article-title":"Insulin resistance in heart failure: differences between patients with reduced and preserved left ventricular ejection fraction","author":"Scherbakov","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00239-5","article-title":"Neurohormonal factors in the development of catabolic\/anabolic imbalance and cachexia","volume":"85","author":"Brink","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2009.07.019","article-title":"Leptin and the clinical cardiovascular risk","volume":"140","author":"Singh","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"567","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfp046","article-title":"Adiponectin is increased in cardiac cachexia irrespective of body mass index","volume":"11","author":"Araujo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.05.011","article-title":"Serum adipokine zinc alpha-2 glycoproteinand lipolysis in cachectic and noncachectic heart failure patients: relationship with neurohormonal and inflammatory biomarkers","volume":"61","author":"Tedeschi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metab. Clin. Exp."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1756","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.530972","article-title":"Plasma adiponectin, body mass index, and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"112","author":"Kistorp","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.04.015","article-title":"Plasma adiponectin in heart failure with and without cachexia: catabolic signal linking catabolism, symptomatic status, and prognosis","volume":"24","author":"Szab\u00f3","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutr. Metab. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2013.09.011","article-title":"Association of adiponectin with peripheral muscle status in elderly patients with heart failure","volume":"24","author":"Loncar","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Int. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2010.10.083","article-title":"The small intestine: a critical linkage in pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia","volume":"146","author":"Sandek","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.168","article-title":"The small intestine: a critical linkage in pathophysiology of cardiac cachexia","volume":"143","author":"Celik","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1092","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2014.06.1179","article-title":"Intestinal blood flow in patients with chronic heart failure: a link with bacterial growth, gastrointestinal symptoms, and cachexia","volume":"64","author":"Sandek","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(02)00233-4","article-title":"The syndrome of cardiac cachexia","volume":"85","author":"Anker","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"836","DOI":"10.1378\/chest.115.3.836","article-title":"Cardiac cachexia*a syndrome with impaired survival and immune and neuroendocrine activation","volume":"115","author":"Anker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Chest J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"D3","DOI":"10.1016\/S1520-765X(02)90154-9","article-title":"Neurohormonal modulation in chronic heart failure","volume":"4","author":"Ferrara","year":"2002","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Suppl."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0000000000000511","article-title":"Mechanisms of cachexia in chronic disease states","volume":"350","author":"Yoshida","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.011","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways","volume":"16","author":"Fearon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000030","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and treatment targets of muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure: an overview","volume":"8","author":"Ebner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd4467","article-title":"Muscle wasting in disease: molecular mechanisms and promising therapies","volume":"14","author":"Cohen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0041701","article-title":"Exercise training prevents oxidative stress and ubiquitin-proteasome system overactivity and reverse skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Cunha","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0085820","article-title":"Autophagy signaling in skeletal muscle of infarcted rats","volume":"9","author":"Jannig","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0136-z","article-title":"Highlights from the 7th cachexia conference: muscle wasting pathophysiological detection and novel treatment strategies","volume":"5","author":"Ebner","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Attaix D, Combaret L, B\u00e9chet D, Taillandier D. Role of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in muscle atrophy in cachexia. Curr. Opin. Support Palliat Care 2008;2:262\u20136.","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0b013e3283196ac2"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1002\/mus.20743","article-title":"Oxidative stress, chronic disease, and muscle wasting","volume":"35","author":"Moylan","year":"2007","journal-title":"Muscle Nerve"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0245","first-page":"209","article-title":"The ubiquitin-proteasome pathway as a therapeutic target for muscle wasting","volume":"3","author":"Tisdale","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Support. Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"30515","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M113.489716","article-title":"SIRT1 by blocking the activities of FoxO1 and 3 inhibits muscle atrophy and promotes muscle growth","volume":"288","author":"Lee","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"424","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.114.305393","article-title":"Angiotensin II induces skeletal muscle atrophy by activating TFEB-mediated MuRF1 expression","volume":"117","author":"Du Bois","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2012.03.019","article-title":"Acetylation and deacetylation: novel factors in muscle wasting","volume":"62","author":"Alamdari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0035-5","article-title":"The role of myostatin in muscle wasting: an overview","volume":"2","author":"Elkina","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.03.021","article-title":"Myostatin - from the mighty mouse to cardiovascular disease and cachexia","volume":"433","author":"Dschietzig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.maturitas.2013.03.014","article-title":"Mechanism and novel therapeutic approaches to wasting in chronic disease","volume":"75","author":"Ebner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Maturitas"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0049-z","article-title":"Myostatin blockage using actRIIB antagonism in mice bearing the Lewis lung carcinoma results in the improvement of muscle wasting and physical performance","volume":"3","author":"Busquets","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2716","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.047381","article-title":"Exercise training attenuates MuRF-1 expression in the skeletal muscle of patients with chronic heart failure independent of age: the randomized Leipzig exercise intervention in chronic heart failure and aging catabolism study","volume":"125","author":"Gielen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0098-y","article-title":"Sources for skeletal muscle repair: from satellite cells to reprogramming","volume":"4","author":"Sirabella","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0300","series-title":"Regenerating the Heart","first-page":"173","article-title":"Skeletal Muscle Stem Cells in the Spotlight: The Satellite Cell","author":"Yablonka-Reuveni","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2014.06.022","article-title":"Biomarkers for cardiac cachexia: reality or utopia","volume":"436","author":"Martins","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.10.026","article-title":"Treatment of cachexia: an overview of recent developments","volume":"184","author":"von Haehling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23878","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms151223878","article-title":"Emerging biomarkers in heart failure and cardiac cachexia","volume":"15","author":"Loncar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"193","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0157-7","article-title":"Muscle wasting: an overview of recent developments in basic research","volume":"5","author":"Palus","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0130-5","article-title":"Assessing skeletal muscle mass: historical overview and state of the art","volume":"5","author":"Heymsfield","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.09.009","article-title":"Cardiac cachexia: a systematic overview","volume":"121","author":"von Haehling","year":"2009","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2008.11.146","article-title":"The relationship between tumor necrosis factor-a, brain natriuretic peptide and atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"141","author":"Vaz P\u00e9rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1053\/euhj.1998.1446","article-title":"Cytokines and neurohormones relating to body composition alterations in the wasting syndrome of chronic heart failure","volume":"20","author":"Anker","year":"1999","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"829","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm033","article-title":"Increase in serum adiponectin concentration in patients with heart failure and cachexia: relationship with leptin, other cytokines, and B-type natriuretic peptide","volume":"28","author":"McEntegart","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2005.05.019","article-title":"Leptin as a new diagnostic tool in chronic heart failure","volume":"362","author":"Schulze","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin. Chim. Acta"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-9842(02)00177-0","article-title":"Elevated serum levels of leptin and soluble leptin receptor in patients with advanced chronic heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Schulze","year":"2003","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"727","DOI":"10.1530\/eje.0.1450727","article-title":"Leptin, insulin sensitivity and growth hormone binding protein in chronic heart failure with and without cardiac cachexia","volume":"145","author":"Doehner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Eur. J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1097\/MAJ.0b013e318222e620","article-title":"Angiotensin II, oxidative stress and skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"342","author":"Sukhanov","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Med Sci"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.05.035","article-title":"Molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways of angiotensin II-induced muscle wasting: potential therapeutic targets for cardiac cachexia","volume":"45","author":"Yoshida","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"239","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0133-2","article-title":"1-sarcosine-angiotensin II infusion effects on food intake, weight loss, energy expenditure, and skeletal muscle UCP3 gene expression in a rat model","volume":"5","author":"Cichello","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.bjc.6602725","article-title":"Angiotensin II directly induces muscle protein catabolism through the ubiquitin\u2013proteasome proteolytic pathway and may play a role in cancer cachexia","volume":"93","author":"Sanders","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cardiores.2006.08.018","article-title":"Nutrition, metabolism, and the complex pathophysiology of cachexia in chronic heart failure","volume":"73","author":"von Haehling","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1345","DOI":"10.1096\/fj.14.10.1345","article-title":"Natriuretic peptides: a new lipolytic pathway in human adipocytes","volume":"14","author":"Sengen\u00e8s","year":"2000","journal-title":"FASEB J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2013.09.017","article-title":"Cross-talk between the heart and adipose tissue in cachectic heart failure patients with respect to alterations in body composition: a prospective study","volume":"63","author":"Christensen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"526","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.96.2.526","article-title":"Hormonal changes and catabolic\/anabolic imbalance in chronic heart failure and their importance for cardiac cachexia","volume":"96","author":"Anker","year":"1997","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"437","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2015.03.005","article-title":"Ghrelin","volume":"4","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0011-5","article-title":"Ghrelin for cachexia","volume":"1","author":"Akamizu","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.regpep.2004.08.007","article-title":"Ghrelin: a gastric peptide that regulates food intake and energy homeostasis","volume":"126","author":"Ueno","year":"2005","journal-title":"Regul. Pept."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.1097\/MED.0b013e3283469505","article-title":"Hormonal consequences and prognosis of chronic heart failure","volume":"18","author":"Attanasio","year":"2011","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2034","DOI":"10.1161\/hc4201.097836","article-title":"Elevated circulating level of ghrelin in cachexia associated with chronic heart failure","volume":"104","author":"Nagaya","year":"2001","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.05.021","article-title":"C-terminal agrin fragment as a potential marker for sarcopenia caused by degeneration of the neuromuscular junction","volume":"48","author":"Drey","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exger.2012.03.002","article-title":"Elevated levels of a C-terminal agrin fragment identifies a new subset of sarcopenia patients","volume":"48","author":"Hettwer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Exp. Gerontol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0120-z","article-title":"Biomarkers of muscle quality: N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen and C-terminal agrin fragment responses to resistance exercise training in older adults","volume":"5","author":"Fragala","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0450","first-page":"295","article-title":"Growth differentiating factor-15 (GDF-15) induces anorexia and cachexia in mice: a novel pathway for cachexia","volume":"4","author":"Lerner","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"267","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0114-x","article-title":"Type VI collagen turnover-related peptides-novel serological biomarkers of muscle mass and anabolic response to loading in young men","volume":"4","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.1097\/nen.0b013e3181634ef7","article-title":"Muscle interstitial fibroblasts are the main source of collagen VI synthesis in skeletal muscle: implications for congenital muscular dystrophy types ullrich and bethlem","volume":"67","author":"Zou","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Neuropathol. Exp. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"4224","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2009-1434","article-title":"N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen as a biomarker of anabolic response to recombinant human GH and testosterone","volume":"94","author":"Bhasin","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0097-z","article-title":"Large-scale isolation of human skeletal muscle satellite cells from post-mortem tissue and development of quantitative assays to evaluate modulators of myogenesis","volume":"4","author":"Scott","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0079-1","article-title":"Serum creatinine as a marker of muscle mass in chronic kidney disease: results of a cross-sectional study and review of literature","volume":"4","author":"Patel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2013.33356","article-title":"Highlights of mechanistic and therapeutic cachexia and sarcopenia research 2010 to 2012 and their relevance for cardiology","volume":"9","author":"Anker","year":"2013","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"534","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2009.05.010","article-title":"Urinary creatinine excretion, an indirect measure of muscle mass, is an independent predictor of cardiovascular disease and mortality in the general population","volume":"207","author":"Oterdoom","year":"2009","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1159\/000245632","article-title":"The potential role of plasma gelsolin in dialysis-related protein-energy wasting","volume":"29","author":"Lee","year":"2010","journal-title":"Blood Purif."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0500","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008091008","article-title":"Plasma gelsolin and circulating actin correlate with hemodialysis mortality","volume":"20","author":"Lee","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1053\/j.ajkd.2010.11.027","article-title":"Association of the malnutrition\u2013inflammation score with clinical outcomes in kidney transplant recipients","volume":"58","author":"Molnar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Kidney Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2288","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biocel.2013.06.024","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and sarcopenia of aging: from signaling pathways to clinical trials","volume":"45","author":"Marzetti","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Biochem. Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0515","first-page":"1","article-title":"The wasting continuum in heart failure: from sarcopenia to cachexia","volume":"12","author":"von Haehling","year":"2015","journal-title":"Proc. Nutr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0520","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1173","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hft134","article-title":"Are hospitalized or ambulatory patients with heart failure treated in accordance with european society of cardiology guidelines? Evidence from 12 440 patients of the ESC heart failure long-term registry","volume":"15","author":"Maggioni","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)12892-9","article-title":"Prognostic importance of weight loss in chronic heart failure and the effect of treatment with angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors: an observational study","volume":"361","author":"Anker","year":"2003","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"323","DOI":"10.1007\/s13277-013-1043-1","article-title":"Rosiglitazone and imidapril alone or in combination alleviate muscle and adipose depletion in a murine cancer cachexia model","volume":"35","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Tumour Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0072-8","article-title":"Evidence for an effect of ACE inhibitors on cancer cachexia","volume":"3","author":"Schanze","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2014.11.029","article-title":"Aerobic exercise training as therapy for cardiac and cancer cachexia","volume":"125","author":"Alves","year":"2015","journal-title":"Life Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0160-z","article-title":"Resistance exercise: an effective strategy to reverse muscle wasting in hemodialysis patients?","volume":"5","author":"Rhee","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0140-3","article-title":"Anabolic exercise in haemodialysis patients: a randomised controlled pilot study","volume":"5","author":"Kirkman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"209","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0131-4","article-title":"Daily physical activity and physical function in adult maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"5","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12055","article-title":"Exercise for cancer cachexia in adults : executive summary of a Cochrane collaboration systematic review","volume":"6","author":"Grande","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0565","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr017","article-title":"Exercise training in heart failure: from theory to practice. A consensus document of the heart failure association and the European association for cardiovascular prevention and rehabilitation","volume":"13","author":"Piepoli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0570","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e13","DOI":"10.1164\/rccm.201309-1634ST","article-title":"An official American thoracic society\/European respiratory society statement: key concepts and advances in pulmonary rehabilitation","volume":"188","author":"Spruit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0575","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0149-7","article-title":"Are we closer to having drugs to treat muscle wasting disease?","volume":"5","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0580","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"803","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfs033","volume":"14","author":"McMurray","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0590","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.00760.2012","article-title":"High- versus moderate-intensity aerobic exercise training effects on skeletal muscleof infarcted rats","volume":"114","author":"Moreira","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0595","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2012.07.005","article-title":"Protein supplementation improves physical performance in frail elderly people: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"13","author":"Tieland","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0600","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"542","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2013.05.021","article-title":"Evidence-based recommendations for optimal dietary protein intake in older people: a position paper from the PROT-AGE study group","volume":"14","author":"Bauer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0605","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0008-0","article-title":"The effects of a high-caloric protein rich oral nutritional supplement in patients with chronic heart failure and cachexia on quality of life, body composition, and inflammation markers: a randomized, double-blind pilot study","volume":"1","author":"Rozentryt","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0610","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.20846","article-title":"Coenzyme Q10 terclatrate and creatine in chronic heart failure: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study","volume":"34","author":"Fumagalli","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0615","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"86","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2015.05.010","article-title":"Skeletal muscle atrophy: potential therapeutic agents and their mechanisms of action","volume":"99","author":"Dutt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0620","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"269","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0162-x","article-title":"Rehabilitation nutrition for sarcopenia with disability: a combination of both rehabilitation and nutrition care management","volume":"5","author":"Wakabayashi","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0625","article-title":"Changes in body composition in heart failure patients after a resistance exercise program and branched chain amino acid supplementation","author":"Pineda-Juarez","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0630","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1950","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.90884.2008","article-title":"Anti-TNF treatment reduces rat skeletal muscle wasting in monocrotaline-induced cardiac cachexia","volume":"105","author":"Steffen","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0635","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"447","DOI":"10.1136\/gut.2004.053330","article-title":"Thalidomide and cancer cachexia: old problem, new hope?","volume":"54","author":"Stroud","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0640","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2011.03.007","article-title":"A phase II dose titration study of thalidomide for cancer-associated anorexia","volume":"43","author":"Davis","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0645","first-page":"520","article-title":"Xanthine derivatives: comparison between suppression of tumour necrosis factor-alpha production and inhibition of cAMP phosphodiesterase activity","volume":"78","author":"Semmler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Immunology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0650","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1042\/bj3610185","article-title":"Torbafylline (HWA 448) inhibits enhanced skeletal muscle ubiquitin\u2013proteasome-dependent proteolysis in cancer and septic rats","volume":"361","author":"Combaret","year":"2002","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0655","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jamda.2010.02.012","article-title":"Phase II study of the novel peptidenucleic acid OHR118 in the management of cancer-related anorexia\/cachexia","volume":"12","author":"Chasen","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Dir. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0660","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1159\/000346446","article-title":"Clinical studies on the treatment of cancer cachexia with megestrol acetate plus thalidomide","volume":"58","author":"Wen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chemotherapy"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0665","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1269","DOI":"10.1007\/s00520-013-2081-3","article-title":"Phase I\/II trial of formoterol fumarate combined with megestrol acetate in cachectic patients with advanced malignancy","volume":"22","author":"Greig","year":"2014","journal-title":"Support Care Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0670","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"672","DOI":"10.1002\/pbc.24828","article-title":"A randomized, double-blind, placebo controlled clinical trial of megestrol acetate as an appetite stimulant in children with weight loss due to cancer and\/or cancer therapy","volume":"61","author":"Cuvelier","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pediatr. Blood Cancer"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0675","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2013.01.004","article-title":"A new look at an old drug for the treatment of cancer cachexia: megestrol acetate","volume":"32","author":"Argil\u00e9s","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0680","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/0014-2999(94)90229-1","article-title":"Megestrol acetate stimulates food and water intake in the rat: effects on regional hypothalamic neuropeptide y concentrations","volume":"265","author":"McCarthy","year":"1994","journal-title":"Eur. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0685","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.2165\/00003495-200161040-00004","article-title":"Managing cancer-related anorexia\/cachexia","volume":"61","author":"Mantovani","year":"2001","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0690","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.1995.sp020880","article-title":"Residual Ca2+ channel current modulation by megestrol acetate via a g-protein alpha s-subunit in rat hypothalamic neurones","volume":"487","author":"Costa","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0695","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1016\/S0162-3109(98)00041-1","article-title":"\u03949 tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol alter cytokine production by human immune cells","volume":"40","author":"Srivastava","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunopharmacology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0700","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1091","DOI":"10.1016\/0192-0561(91)90160-9","article-title":"Marijuana components stimulate human peripheral blood mononuclear cell secretion of interferon-gamma and suppress interleukin-1 alpha in vitro","volume":"13","author":"Watzl","year":"1991","journal-title":"Int. J. Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0705","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0085-3","article-title":"Effect of ghrelin and its analogues, BIM-28131 and BIM-28125, on the expression of myostatin in a rat heart failure model","volume":"4","author":"Lenk","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0710","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3674","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000149746.62908.BB","article-title":"Effects of ghrelin administration on left ventricular function, exercise capacity, and muscle wasting in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"110","author":"Nagaya","year":"2004","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0715","first-page":"295","article-title":"Efficacy and safety results from a phase II study of anamorelin HCl, a ghrelin receptor agonist, in NSCLC patients","volume":"4","author":"Temel","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0720","first-page":"295","article-title":"Anamorelin HCl for the treatment of anorexia\u2013cachexia in lung cancer: study design and baseline characteristics of patients in the phase III clinical trial ROMANA 2 (HT-ANAM-302)","volume":"4","author":"Abernethy","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0725","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1198","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2008-0632","article-title":"Effects of an oral growth hormone secretagogue in older adults","volume":"94","author":"White","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0730","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0061-y","article-title":"Recent developments in the treatment of cachexia: highlights from the 6th cachexia conference","volume":"3","author":"Ebner","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0735","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0034-6","article-title":"The selective androgen receptor modulator GTx-024 (enobosarm) improves lean body mass and physical function in healthy elderly men and postmenopausal women: results of a double-blind, placebo controlled phase II trial","volume":"2","author":"Dalton","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0740","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0161-y","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and clinical impact of sarcopenia: facts, numbers, and epidemiology-update 2014","volume":"5","author":"Morley","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0745","first-page":"35","article-title":"Enobosarm, A selective androgen receptor modulator (SARM), increases lean body mass (LBM) in advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients in two pivotal, international phase 3 trials","volume":"5","author":"Crawford","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0750","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(13)70055-X","article-title":"Effects of enobosarm on muscle wasting and physical function in patients with cancer: a double-blind, randomised controlled phase 2 trial","volume":"14","author":"Dobs","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0755","first-page":"295","article-title":"Anabolic effect of a novel long-acting SARM in rat ORX model","volume":"4","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0760","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2474-15-291","article-title":"Characterization of GLPG0492, a selective androgen receptor modulator, in a mouse model of hind limb immobilization","volume":"15","author":"Blanqu\u00e9","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Musculoskelet. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0765","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2013.03.003","article-title":"GLPG0492, a novel selective androgen receptor modulator,improves muscle performance in the exercised-mdx mouse model of muscular dystrophy","volume":"72","author":"Cozzoli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0770","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2008.06.003","article-title":"The potential and the pitfalls of beta-adrenoceptor agonists for the management of skeletal muscle wasting","volume":"120","author":"Ryall","year":"2008","journal-title":"Pharmacol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0775","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3015","DOI":"10.1039\/c3mb70134d","article-title":"Serum metabolic profiles reveal the effect of formoterol on cachexia in tumor-bearing mice","volume":"9","author":"Quanjun","year":"2013","journal-title":"Mol. BioSyst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0780","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"149","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0125-7","article-title":"The anabolic catabolic transforming agent (ACTA) espindolol increases muscle mass and decreases fat mass in old rats","volume":"5","author":"P\u00f6tsch","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0785","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"201","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0046-2","volume":"24","author":"Stewart Coats","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0790","first-page":"35","article-title":"Espindolol for the treatment and prevention of cachexia in patients with stage III\/IV non-small cell lung cancer or colorectal cancer (ACT-ONE): randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, international multi-centre phase II study","volume":"5","author":"Stewart Coats","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0795","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"315","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0153-y","article-title":"Formoterol in the treatment of experimental cancer cachexia: effects on heart function","volume":"5","author":"Toledo","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0800","first-page":"295","article-title":"Efficacy of REGN1033, a fully human anti-myostatin antagonist antibody, in rodent muscle function","volume":"4","author":"Bauerlein","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0805","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"531","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2010.07.011","article-title":"Reversal of cancer cachexia and muscle wasting by ActRIIB antagonism leads to prolonged survival","volume":"142","author":"Zhou","year":"2010","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0810","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1136\/bjsm.2007.040071","article-title":"Growth factor delivery methods in the management of sports injuries: the state of play","volume":"42","author":"Creaney","year":"2008","journal-title":"Br. J. Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0815","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.49807","article-title":"Statin intolerance - an attempt at a unified definition. Position paper from an international lipid expert panel","volume":"11","author":"Banach","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0820","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3412","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.04.150","article-title":"Simvastatin reduces wasting and improves cardiac function as well as outcome in experimental cancer cachexia","volume":"168","author":"Paulus","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0825","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.1093\/gerona\/62.10.1164","article-title":"Statins and dietary and serum cholesterol are associated with increased lean mass following resistance training","volume":"62","author":"Reichman","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Gerontol. A Biol. Sci. Med. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0830","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"409","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trsl.2013.11.006","article-title":"Stem cells for skeletal muscle regeneration: therapeutic potential and roadblocks","volume":"163","author":"Rinaldi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0835","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0155-9","article-title":"Ventricular assist device implantation improves skeletal muscle function, oxidative capacity, and growth hormone\/insulin-like growth factor-1 axis signaling in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"5","author":"Khawaja","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0840","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-013-0111-0","article-title":"Why cachexia kills: examining the causality of poor outcomes in wasting conditions","volume":"4","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0845","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12051","article-title":"Biomarkers for physical frailty and sarcopenia: state of the science and future developments","author":"Calvani","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0850","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-012-0086-2","article-title":"Serological muscle loss biomarkers: an overview of current concepts and future possibilities","volume":"4","author":"Nedergaard","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0855","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1517","DOI":"10.1007\/s00134-015-3930-y","article-title":"Consensus statement from the 2014 international microdialysis forum","volume":"41","author":"Hutchinson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0860","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0079603","article-title":"Pharmacokinetics of drugs in cachectic patients: a systematic review","volume":"8","author":"Trobec","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0865","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"45","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12012","article-title":"Influence of cancer cachexia on drug liver metabolism and renal elimination in rats","volume":"6","author":"Cvan Trobec","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0870","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12083","article-title":"Request for regulatory guidance for cancer cachexia intervention trials","author":"Fearon","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0875","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"168407","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/168407","article-title":"Inflammation based regulation of cancer cachexia","volume":"2014","author":"Onesti","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biomed. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0880","first-page":"251","article-title":"Crossroads of cytokine signaling\u2013the chase to stop muscle cachexia","volume":"59","author":"Pajak","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Physiol. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0885","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"846","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1681.2007.04868.x","article-title":"Implications of cross-talk between tumour necrosis factor and insulin-like growth factor-1 signalling in skeletal muscle","volume":"35","author":"Grounds","year":"2008","journal-title":"Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0890","first-page":"1","article-title":"Tumor necrosis factor as a pharmacological target","volume":"98","author":"Ghezzi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Methods Mol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0895","first-page":"R659","article-title":"Cachectin\/TNF or IL-1 alpha induces cachexia with redistribution of body proteins","volume":"256","author":"Fong","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0900","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/2044-5040-2-14","article-title":"IL-6 regulation on skeletal muscle mitochondrial remodeling during cancer cachexia in the ApcMin\/+ mouse","volume":"2","author":"White","year":"2012","journal-title":"Skelet. Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0905","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E1042","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00410.2012","article-title":"Muscle mTORC1 suppression by IL-6 during cancer cachexia: a role for AMPK","volume":"304","author":"White","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0910","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2193","DOI":"10.2217\/fon.15.96","article-title":"The diverse roles of adiponectin in non-small-cell lung cancer: current data and future perspectives","volume":"11","author":"Boura","year":"2015","journal-title":"Future Oncol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0915","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ctrv.2013.06.005","article-title":"Hormones of adipose tissue and their biologic role in lung cancer","volume":"40","author":"Ntikoudi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Cancer Treat. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0920","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"352","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000092","article-title":"Exploiting the therapeutic potential of leptin signaling in cachexia","volume":"8","author":"Mak","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0925","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"191","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0043-5","article-title":"Growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor 1, and insulin signaling-a pharmacological target in body wasting and cachexia","volume":"2","author":"Trobec","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0930","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1019","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2005.02.093","article-title":"Impaired insulin sensitivity as an independent risk factor for mortality in patients with stable chronic heart failure","volume":"46","author":"Doehner","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0935","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"430","DOI":"10.1038\/521430a","article-title":"Cancer metabolism: a waste of insulin interference","volume":"521","author":"Wagner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0940","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-011-0051-5","article-title":"The role of insulin resistance in the development of muscle wasting during cancer cachexia","volume":"3","author":"Honors","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0945","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"279","DOI":"10.1097\/SPC.0000000000000061","article-title":"The assessment and management of cancer cachexia: hypogonadism and hypermetabolism among supportive and palliative care patients","volume":"8","author":"Dev","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Support. Palliat. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0950","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1054\/jcaf.2003.23","article-title":"Growth hormone: growth hormone resistance in chronic heart failure and its therapeutic implications","volume":"9","author":"Cicoira","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Card. Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0955","first-page":"22","article-title":"The growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor 1 axis in heart failure","volume":"61","author":"Delafontaine","year":"2000","journal-title":"Ann. Endocrinol. (Paris)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0960","first-page":"1359","article-title":"Growth hormone and experimental cancer cachexia","volume":"79","author":"Svaninger","year":"1987","journal-title":"J. Natl. Cancer Inst."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0965","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"761","DOI":"10.1079\/BJN20051459","article-title":"Insight into the growth hormone-insulin-like growth factor-I axis in cancer cachexia","volume":"93","author":"Bing","year":"2005","journal-title":"Br. J. Nutr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0970","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-014-0145-y","article-title":"Does IGFR1 inhibition result in increased muscle mass loss in patients undergoing treatment for pancreatic cancer?","volume":"5","author":"Fogelman","year":"2014","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0975","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"792","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114367","article-title":"Uric acid in cachectic and noncachectic patients with chronic heart failure: relationship to leg vascular resistance","volume":"141","author":"Doehner","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0980","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2013.05.063","article-title":"The xanthine oxidase inhibitor oxypurinol reduces cancer cachexia-induced cardiomyopathy","volume":"168","author":"Springer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0985","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"5531","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-06-4585","article-title":"Mechanism of increased lipolysis in cancer cachexia","volume":"67","author":"Agustsson","year":"2007","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb0995","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"130","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2007.11.006","article-title":"Control of lipolysis by natriuretic peptides and cyclic GMP","volume":"19","author":"Lafontan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1000","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1007\/s11897-013-0177-1","article-title":"Exercise intolerance in chronic heart failure: the role of cortisol and the catabolic state","volume":"11","author":"Tzanis","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Heart Fail. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"788","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpainsymman.2010.06.021","article-title":"Association between serum cortisol and testosterone levels, opioid therapy, and symptom distress in patients with advanced cancer","volume":"41","author":"Dev","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Pain Symptom Manag."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1007\/s13539-010-0012-4","article-title":"Ghrelin and its potential in the treatment of eating\/wasting disorders and cachexia","volume":"1","author":"M\u00fcller","year":"2010","journal-title":"J. Cachex. Sarcopenia Muscle"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0000000000000075","article-title":"Ghrelin: from discovery to cancer cachexia therapy","volume":"17","author":"Molfino","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Opin. Clin. Nutr. Metab. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"106","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2014.12.057","article-title":"Cardiac myostatin upregulation occurs immediately after myocardial ischemia and is involved in skeletal muscle activation of atrophy","volume":"457","author":"Castillero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.882068","article-title":"Genetic deletion of myostatin from the heart prevents skeletal muscle atrophy in heart failure","volume":"121","author":"Heineke","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfq039","article-title":"Myostatin activation in patients with advanced heart failure and after mechanical unloading","volume":"12","author":"George","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"734","DOI":"10.1093\/eurjhf\/hfr024","article-title":"Increased plasma myostatin in heart failure","volume":"13","author":"Gruson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"404","DOI":"10.1177\/1741826711402735","article-title":"Exercise training leads to a reduction of elevated myostatin levels in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"19","author":"Lenk","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"992","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-8932(10)70212-8","article-title":"Serum myostatin levels in chronic heart failure","volume":"63","author":"Zamora","year":"2010","journal-title":"Rev. Esp. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2030","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-4318","article-title":"Role of activin a and myostatin in human cancer cachexia","volume":"100","author":"Loumaye","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1042\/BJ20112024","article-title":"Myostatin is a novel tumoral factor that induces cancer cachexia","volume":"446","author":"Lokireddy","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochem. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.3892\/ol.2011.442","article-title":"Formoterol treatment down regulates the myostatin system in skeletal muscle of cachectic tumour-bearing rats","volume":"3","author":"Busquets","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oncol. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"E363","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.00487.2002","article-title":"Glucocorticoid-induced skeletal muscle atrophy is associated with upregulation of myostatin gene expression","volume":"285","author":"Ma","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"38","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.09.008","article-title":"Myostatin up-regulation is associated with the skeletal muscle response to hypoxic stimuli","volume":"332","author":"Hayot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Mol. Cell. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwr384","article-title":"Mortality prediction by surrogates of body composition: an examination of the obesity paradox in hemodialysis patients using composite ranking score analysis","volume":"175","author":"Kalantar-Zadeh","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115_bb1080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"725","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1600-6143.2011.03468.x","article-title":"Associations of body mass index and weight loss with mortality in transplant-waitlisted maintenance hemodialysis patients","volume":"11","author":"Molnar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. J. Transplant."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527315306781?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527315306781?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T04:44:58Z","timestamp":1653367498000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527315306781"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"references-count":211,"alternative-id":["S0167527315306781"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiac cachexia: hic et nunc","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.10.115","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Copyright \u00a9 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}