{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,23]],"date-time":"2026-09-23T05:52:18Z","timestamp":1790142738541,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2016,11,1]],"date-time":"2016-11-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1477958400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["AG15462"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["AG15462"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000002","name":"NIH","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HL50239"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HL50239"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000002","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2016,7,30]],"date-time":"2016-07-30T21:04:47Z","timestamp":1469912687000},"page":"213-216","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":44,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Exercise training bradycardia is largely explained by reduced intrinsic heart rate"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"222","author":[{"given":"Samira","family":"Bahrainy","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wayne C.","family":"Levy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Janet M.","family":"Busey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James H.","family":"Caldwell","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John R.","family":"Stratton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mayocp.2012.04.005","article-title":"Potential adverse cardiovascular effects from excessive endurance exercise","volume":"87","author":"O'Keefe","year":"2012","journal-title":"Mayo Clin. Proc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.39.030177.001253","article-title":"Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training","volume":"39","author":"Scheuer","year":"1977","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1159\/000399509","article-title":"Effects of physical training and detraining on intrinsic cardiac control mechanisms","volume":"18","author":"Scheuer","year":"1976","journal-title":"Adv. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"251","DOI":"10.3109\/00365517309082468","article-title":"Physical training, bradycardia, and autonomic nervous system","volume":"32","author":"Ekblom","year":"1973","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"71","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm555","article-title":"Sinus node disease and arrhythmias in the long-term follow-up of former professional cyclists","volume":"29","author":"Baldesberger","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1159\/000165849","article-title":"The mechanism of bradycardia evoked by physical training","volume":"51","author":"Frick","year":"1967","journal-title":"Cardiologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1406","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199510000-00009","article-title":"Autonomic nervous system control of the heart: endurance exercise training","volume":"27","author":"Shi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1977.43.5.801","article-title":"Catecholamines in coronary sinus during exercise in man before and after training","volume":"43","author":"Cousineau","year":"1977","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.45.030183.001125","article-title":"Cardiovascular adaptations to physical training","volume":"45","author":"Blomqvist","year":"1983","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1232","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1981.51.5.1232","article-title":"Autonomic mechanisms of training bradycardia: beta-adrenergic receptors in humans","volume":"51","author":"Williams","year":"1981","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1982.52.6.1652","article-title":"Sympathetic and parasympathetic cardiac control in athletes and nonathletes at rest","volume":"52","author":"Katona","year":"1982","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-198902000-00008","article-title":"Exercise training bradycardia: the role of autonomic balance","volume":"21","author":"Smith","year":"1989","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"476","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(66)90073-7","article-title":"Effect of combined sympathetic and parasympathetic blockade on heart rate and cardiac function in man","volume":"18","author":"Jose","year":"1966","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1648","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.89.4.1648","article-title":"Cardiovascular responses to exercise. Effects of aging and exercise training in healthy men","volume":"89","author":"Stratton","year":"1994","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1749","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1992.72.5.1749","article-title":"Vagal function impairment after exercise training","volume":"72","author":"Negrao","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"297","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.1980.tb06600.x","article-title":"Non-autonomic component in bradycardia of endurance trained men at rest and during exercise","volume":"109","author":"Lewis","year":"1980","journal-title":"Acta Physiol. Scand."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(67)93028-0","article-title":"Control of heart-rate in healthy young men","volume":"2","author":"Sutton","year":"1967","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1351","DOI":"10.1152\/japplphysiol.01126.2012","article-title":"Viewpoint: is the resting bradycardia in athletes the result of remodeling of the sinoatrial node rather than high vagal tone?","volume":"114","author":"Boyett","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3775","DOI":"10.1038\/ncomms4775","article-title":"Exercise training reduces resting heart rate via downregulation of the funny channel HCN4","volume":"5","author":"D'Souza","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nat. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1745","DOI":"10.1113\/jphysiol.2014.284364","article-title":"CrossTalk proposal: bradycardia in the trained athlete is attributable to high vagal tone","volume":"593","author":"Coote","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00943364","article-title":"Plasma catecholamines, beta-adrenergic receptors, and isoproterenol sensitivity in endurance trained and non-endurance trained volunteers","volume":"52","author":"Lehmann","year":"1984","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"568","DOI":"10.1249\/00005768-199405000-00008","article-title":"Exercise and aging: autonomic control of the circulation","volume":"26","author":"Seals","year":"1994","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1007\/BF01537462","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic receptors and plasma catecholamine behavior in trained and untrained athletes","volume":"61","author":"Lehmann","year":"1983","journal-title":"Klin. Wochenschr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0120","first-page":"E305","article-title":"Beta-adrenergic blockade and training in human subjects: effects on muscle metabolic capacity","volume":"247","author":"Svedenhag","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1007\/BF00430013","article-title":"Effect of training on hormonal responses to exercise in competitive swimmers","volume":"41","author":"Hickson","year":"1979","journal-title":"Eur. J. Appl. Physiol. Occup. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1828","DOI":"10.1152\/jappl.1993.75.4.1828","article-title":"Effects of age, adiposity, and fitness level on plasma catecholamine responses to standing and exercise","volume":"75","author":"Kohrt","year":"1993","journal-title":"J. Appl. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.2165\/00007256-200333010-00003","article-title":"Effect of endurance exercise on autonomic control of heart rate","volume":"33","author":"Carter","year":"2003","journal-title":"Sports Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2362.1996.640620.x","article-title":"Gender differences in resting metabolic rate and noradrenaline kinetics in older individuals","volume":"27","author":"Poehlman","year":"1997","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Investig."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2077","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(03)00418-2","article-title":"Effects of aging on cardiovascular responses to parasympathetic withdrawal","volume":"41","author":"Stratton","year":"2003","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.3109\/00365518809085411","article-title":"Age and sex differences in cardiovascular reactivity to adrenergic agonists, mental stress and isometric exercise in normal subjects","volume":"48","author":"Johansson","year":"1988","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1486","DOI":"10.1152\/ajplegacy.1972.223.6.1486","article-title":"Effects of physical training on cardiac actomyosin adenosine triphosphatase activity","volume":"223","author":"Bhan","year":"1972","journal-title":"Am. J. Phys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"273","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.ph.38.030176.001421","article-title":"Biochemical adaptations to endurance exercise in muscle","volume":"38","author":"Holloszy","year":"1976","journal-title":"Annu. Rev. Physiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527316315959?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527316315959?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,11]],"date-time":"2019-09-11T20:04:39Z","timestamp":1568232279000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527316315959"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"references-count":32,"alternative-id":["S0167527316315959"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2016,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Exercise training bradycardia is largely explained by reduced intrinsic heart rate","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2016.07.203","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}