{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,13]],"date-time":"2026-10-13T06:32:55Z","timestamp":1791873175956,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,10,1]],"date-time":"2017-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1506816000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,17]],"date-time":"2017-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1500249600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004325","name":"AstraZeneca","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004325","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Swedish Heart and Lung Foundation"},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004348","name":"Stockholm County Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004348","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"name":"Vifor Fresenius Medical Care Renal Pharma"},{"name":"Martin Rind's and Westman's Foundations"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,7,15]],"date-time":"2017-07-15T08:32:00Z","timestamp":1500107520000},"page":"277-284","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":182,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in a large healthcare system"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"245","author":[{"given":"Erik","family":"Nilsson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8319-7624","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alessandro","family":"Gasparini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"\u00c4rnl\u00f6v","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hairong","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Karin M.","family":"Henriksson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Josef","family":"Coresh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morgan E.","family":"Grams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Jesus","family":"Carrero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1281","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjmed.2015.05.040","article-title":"Management of hyperkalemia: an update for the internist","volume":"128","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0010","first-page":"1","article-title":"Updates in hyperkalemia: outcomes and therapeutic strategies","author":"Kovesdy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Rev. Endocr. Metab. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2014.04.008","article-title":"Prediction and management of hyperkalemia across the spectrum of chronic kidney disease","volume":"34","author":"Lazich","year":"2014","journal-title":"Semin. Nephrol."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-014-0196-1","article-title":"Drug-induced hyperkalemia","volume":"37","author":"Salem","year":"2014","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"709","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199909023411001","article-title":"The effect of spironolactone on morbidity and mortality in patients with severe heart failure. Randomized aldactone evaluation study investigators","volume":"341","author":"Pitt","year":"1999","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.158.1.26","article-title":"Hyperkalemia in outpatients using angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors. How much should we worry?","volume":"158","author":"Reardon","year":"1998","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kisu.2016.01.004","article-title":"Hyperkalemia constitutes a constraint for implementing renin-angiotensin-aldosterone inhibition: the widening gap between mandated treatment guidelines and the real-world clinical arena","volume":"6","author":"Epstein","year":"2016","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.116.002946","article-title":"Characterization of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy initiation in high-risk patients with heart failure","volume":"10","author":"Cooper","year":"2017","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"issue":"18","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1973","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.11904","article-title":"Consistency of laboratory monitoring during initiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in patients with heart failure","volume":"314","author":"Cooper","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000709","article-title":"Guideline concordance of testing for hyperkalemia and kidney dysfunction during initiation of mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist therapy in patients with heart failure","volume":"7","author":"Allen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. Heart Fail."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1156","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.132","article-title":"The frequency of hyperkalemia and its significance in chronic kidney disease","volume":"169","author":"Einhorn","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.116.07363","article-title":"Antihypertensive medications and the prevalence of hyperkalemia in a large health system","volume":"67","author":"Chang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1093\/ckj\/sfv117","article-title":"The Stockholm CREAtinine measurements (SCREAM) project: protocol overview and regional representativeness","volume":"9","author":"Runesson","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Kidney J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1177\/14034948020300020101","article-title":"National health data registers: a Nordic heritage to public health","volume":"30","author":"Ros\u00e9n","year":"2002","journal-title":"Scand. J. Public Health"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"726","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.1294","article-title":"The new Swedish prescribed drug register\u2013opportunities for pharmacoepidemiological research and experience from the first six months","volume":"16","author":"Wettermark","year":"2007","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"628","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfv298","article-title":"Trends in haemoglobin, erythropoietin-stimulating agents and iron use in Swedish chronic kidney disease patients between 2008 and 2013","volume":"31","author":"Evans","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-150-9-200905050-00006","article-title":"A new equation to estimate glomerular filtration rate","volume":"150","author":"Levey","year":"2009","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"271","DOI":"10.1080\/00365510410006324","article-title":"The Nordic reference interval project 2000: recommended reference intervals for 25 common biochemical properties","volume":"64","author":"Rustad","year":"2004","journal-title":"Scand. J. Clin. Lab. Invest."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01150112","article-title":"Prevalence and factors associated with hyperkalemia in predialysis patients followed in a low-clearance clinic","volume":"7","author":"Sarafidis","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"c8","DOI":"10.1159\/000329511","article-title":"Association of hypo- and hyperkalemia with disease progression and mortality in males with chronic kidney disease: the role of race","volume":"120","author":"Hayes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nephron Clin. Pract."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1510","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2012.01.367","article-title":"Predictors of hyperkalemia and death in patients with cardiac and renal disease","volume":"109","author":"Jain","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2008020159","article-title":"Timing of onset of CKD-related metabolic complications","volume":"20","author":"Moranne","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1587","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2009.284","article-title":"Risk of hyperkalemia in nondiabetic patients with chronic kidney disease receiving antihypertensive therapy","volume":"169","author":"Weinberg","year":"2009","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2086","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfw354","article-title":"Prevalence and recognition of chronic kidney disease in stockholm healthcare","volume":"31","author":"Gasparini","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nephrol. Dial. Transplant."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2268","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.20.2268","article-title":"Patient awareness in chronic kidney disease: trends and predictors","volume":"168","author":"Plantinga","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1204","DOI":"10.1002\/pds.2030","article-title":"The positive predictive value of a hyperkalemia diagnosis in automated health care data","volume":"19","author":"Raebel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pharmacoepidemiol. Drug Saf."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e002011","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2012-002011","article-title":"Validity of the international classification of diseases 10th revision code for hyperkalaemia in elderly patients at presentation to an emergency department and at hospital admission","volume":"2","author":"Fleet","year":"2012","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1285","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.01.402","article-title":"Relation of serum potassium level to long-term outcomes in patients with acute myocardial infarction","volume":"113","author":"Choi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.1967","article-title":"Serum potassium levels and mortality in acute myocardial infarction","volume":"307","author":"Goyal","year":"2012","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0150","first-page":"104","article-title":"Short-term mortality risk of serum potassium levels in hypertension: a retrospective analysis of nationwide registry data","volume":"38","author":"Krogager","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"290","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2016.09.038","article-title":"Serum potassium levels and outcome in acute heart failure (data from the PROTECT and COACH trials)","volume":"119","author":"Tromp","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"90","DOI":"10.2215\/CJN.01730215","article-title":"Association between serum potassium and outcomes in patients with reduced kidney function","volume":"11","author":"Luo","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1959","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2007.07.067","article-title":"Incidence and predictors of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure","volume":"50","author":"Desai","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2169\/internalmedicine.46.6415","article-title":"Analysis of factors causing hyperkalemia","volume":"46","author":"Takaichi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"306","DOI":"10.1186\/1756-0500-6-306","article-title":"Risk of hyperkalemia in patients with moderate chronic kidney disease initiating angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors or angiotensin receptor blockers: a randomized study","volume":"6","author":"Espinel","year":"2013","journal-title":"BMC Res. Notes"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1056","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.100.10.1056","article-title":"Comparison of candesartan, enalapril, and their combination in congestive heart failure","volume":"100","author":"McKelvie","year":"1999","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"820","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehq502","article-title":"Evaluation of the efficacy and safety of RLY5016, a polymeric potassium binder, in a double-blind, placebo-controlled study in patients with chronic heart failure (the PEARL-HF) trial","volume":"32","author":"Pitt","year":"2011","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.2217\/fca.11.71","article-title":"PEARL-HF: prevention of hyperkalemia in patients with heart failure using a novel polymeric potassium binder, RLY5016","volume":"8","author":"Buysse","year":"2012","journal-title":"Futur. Cardiol."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1410853","article-title":"Patiromer in patients with kidney disease and hyperkalemia receiving RAAS inhibitors","volume":"372","author":"Weir","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"21","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2223","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.15688","article-title":"Effect of sodium zirconium cyclosilicate on potassium lowering for 28days among outpatients with hyperkalemia: the HARMONIZE randomized clinical trial","volume":"312","author":"Kosiborod","year":"2014","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0205","first-page":"331","article-title":"The incidence of diuretic-induced hypokalemia in two distinct clinic settings","volume":"2","author":"Bloomfield","year":"1986","journal-title":"J. Clin. Hypertens."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"451","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199808133390707","article-title":"Hypokalemia","volume":"339","author":"Gennari","year":"1998","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1179","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.V871179","article-title":"Hypokalemia\u2013consequences, causes, and correction","volume":"8","author":"Weiner","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Nephrol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1089","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.161.8.1089","article-title":"Management of severe hypokalemia in hospitalized patients: a study of quality of care based on computerized databases","volume":"161","author":"Paltiel","year":"2001","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0225","first-page":"1","article-title":"Advances in diagnosis and management of hypokalemic and hyperkalemic emergencies","volume":"14","author":"Pepin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Emerg. Med. Pract."},{"issue":"Suppl. 1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1159\/000065375","article-title":"Therapeutic approach to hyperkalemia","volume":"92","author":"Kim","year":"2002","journal-title":"Nephron"},{"issue":"14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1977","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.192064","article-title":"2009 focused update: ACCF\/AHA guidelines for the diagnosis and management of heart failure in adults","volume":"119","author":"Jessup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"710","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejheart.2005.07.002","article-title":"Practical recommendations for the use of ACE inhibitors, beta-blockers, aldosterone antagonists and angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure: putting guidelines into practice","volume":"7","author":"McMurray","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035_bb0245","first-page":"1","article-title":"Kidney disease: improving global outcomes (KDIGO) CKD work group. KDIGO 2012 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease","volume":"3","author":"Levin","year":"2013","journal-title":"Kidney Int. Suppl."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527317325755?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527317325755?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,7,30]],"date-time":"2022-07-30T21:14:56Z","timestamp":1659215696000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527317325755"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"references-count":49,"alternative-id":["S0167527317325755"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2017,10]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Incidence and determinants of hyperkalemia and hypokalemia in a large healthcare system","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.07.035","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}