{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,22]],"date-time":"2026-10-22T14:02:58Z","timestamp":1792677778398,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,1]],"date-time":"2018-01-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1514764800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.jp","clinicalkey.com","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.com.au","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,9,8]],"date-time":"2017-09-08T21:02:45Z","timestamp":1504904565000},"page":"16-20","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":811,"special_numbering":"C","title":["International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"250","author":[{"given":"Peter","family":"Ong","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo G.","family":"Camici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Sechtem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C. Noel","family":"Bairey Merz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"886","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0907272","article-title":"Low diagnostic yield of elective coronary angiography","volume":"362","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"830","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra061889","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction","volume":"356","author":"Camici","year":"2007","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1067\/mhj.2001.114198","article-title":"Coronary microvascular dysfunction is highly prevalent in women with chest pain in the absence of coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI WISE study","volume":"141","author":"Reis","year":"2001","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.015","article-title":"High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA Study (Abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries)","volume":"59","author":"Ong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2949","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht296","article-title":"2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease: the Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology","volume":"34","author":"Task Force Members","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"807","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00507-M","article-title":"Cardiac syndrome X: clinical characteristics and left ventricular function: long-term follow-up study","volume":"25","author":"Kaski","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1007\/s10557-013-6439-z","article-title":"Lack of effect of nitrates on exercise stress test results in patients with microvascular angina","volume":"27","author":"Russo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Drugs Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2518","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.008507","article-title":"Effects of sex on coronary microvascular dysfunction and cardiac outcomes","volume":"129","author":"Murthy","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"475","DOI":"10.1007\/s00392-010-0159-1","article-title":"Definitions and incidence of cardiac syndrome X: review and analysis of clinical data","volume":"99","author":"Vermeltfoort","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin. Res. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.19","article-title":"Coronary microvascular reactivity is only partially by atherosclerosis risk factors or coronary artery disease in women evaluated for suspected ischemia: results from the NHLBI Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE)","volume":"30","author":"Wessel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp10X515124","article-title":"Timmis a; chest pain guideline development group. NICE clinical guideline: chest pain of recent onset","volume":"60","author":"Smeeth","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br. J. Gen. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e44","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2012.07.013","volume":"60","author":"Fihn","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(96)00481-0","article-title":"Investigation of the mechanism of chest pain in patients with angiographically normal coronary arteries using transesophageal dobutamine stress echocardiography","volume":"29","author":"Panza","year":"1997","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(10)80122-6","article-title":"Mechanisms of angina pectoris in syndrome X","volume":"17","author":"Maseri","year":"1991","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM198403293101304","article-title":"Does visual interpretation of the coronary arteriogram predict the physiologic importance of a coronary stenosis?","volume":"310","author":"White","year":"1984","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehv235","article-title":"Fundamentals in clinical coronary physiology: why coronary flow is more important than coronary pressure","volume":"36","author":"van de Hoef","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.065","article-title":"FFRCT: solid PLATFORM or thin ice?","volume":"66","author":"Hulten","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1321","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.106.177276","article-title":"Physiological assessment of coronary artery disease in the cardiac catheterization laboratory: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Committee on Diagnostic and Interventional Cardiac Catheterization, Council on Clinical Cardiology","volume":"114","author":"Kern","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004096","article-title":"Clinical usefulness, angiographic characteristics, and safety evaluation of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing among 921 consecutive white patients with unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"129","author":"Ong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.114.002481","article-title":"Cardiac magnetic resonance myocardial perfusion reserve index is reduced in women with coronary microvascular dysfunction. A National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute-sponsored study from the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation","volume":"8","author":"Thomson","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2006.12.070","article-title":"Noninvasive evaluation of flow reserve in the left anterior descending coronary artery in patients with cardiac syndrome X","volume":"99","author":"Galiuto","year":"2007","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.echo.2006.04.028","article-title":"Transthoracic coronary flow velocity reserve assessment: comparison between adenosine and dobutamine","volume":"19","author":"Meimoun","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Am. Soc. Echocardiogr."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.2967\/jnumed.108.054478","article-title":"The clinical value of myocardial blood flow measurement","volume":"50","author":"Camici","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Nucl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.076","article-title":"Anatomic versus physiologic assessment of coronary artery disease. Role of coronary flow reserve, fractional flow reserve, and positron emission tomography imaging in revascularization decision-making","volume":"62","author":"Gould","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ehj.2003.11.009","article-title":"Validation of coronary flow reserve measurements by thermodilution in clinical practice","volume":"25","author":"Barbato","year":"2004","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1054","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012636","article-title":"Invasive evaluation of patients with angina in the absence of obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"131","author":"Lee","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1319","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.81.4.1319","article-title":"Interstudy variability of coronary flow reserve. Influence of heart rate, arterial pressure, and ventricular preload","volume":"81","author":"McGinn","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcin.2012.01.023","article-title":"Safety of coronary reactivity testing in women with no obstructive Coronary artery disease: results from the NHLBI-sponsored Women's Ischemic Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study","volume":"5","author":"Wei","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. Intv."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1469","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00072-8","article-title":"Coronary flow velocity response to adenosine characterizes coronary microvascular function in women with chest pain and no obstructive coronary disease. Results from the pilot phase of the Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (WISE) study","volume":"33","author":"Reis","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2054","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.105.603522","article-title":"Invasive assessment of the coronary microcirculation: superior reproducibility and less hemodynamic dependence of index of microcirculatory resistance compared with coronary flow reserve","volume":"113","author":"Ng","year":"2006","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"issue":"Nov 14","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0155","article-title":"Excess cardiovascular risk in women relative to men referred for coronary angiography is associated with severely impaired coronary flow reserve, not obstructive disease","author":"Taqueti","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0160","first-page":"2565","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina","volume":"38","author":"Beltrame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1165","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)07329-7","article-title":"Angina pectoris caused by coronary microvascular spasm","volume":"351","author":"Mohri","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(88)90449-4","article-title":"Sensitivity and specificity of intracoronary injection of acetylcholine for the induction of coronary artery spasm","volume":"12","author":"Okumura","year":"1988","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"197","DOI":"10.1159\/000063121","article-title":"The coronary slow flow phenomenon - a new coronary microvascular disorder","volume":"97","author":"Beltrame","year":"2002","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"879","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.879","article-title":"TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow","volume":"93","author":"Gibson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"818","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-0205","article-title":"Defining the coronary slow flow phenomenon","volume":"76","author":"Beltrame","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCIMAGING.115.003252","article-title":"Microvascular angina: a women's affair?","volume":"8","author":"Camici","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Imaging"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527317308124?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527317308124?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,27]],"date-time":"2018-06-27T23:25:45Z","timestamp":1530141945000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527317308124"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0167527317308124"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2018,1]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}