{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,10]],"date-time":"2026-07-10T09:31:46Z","timestamp":1783675906216,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,9,1]],"date-time":"2019-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1567296000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100013642","name":"Japan Heart Foundation","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100013642","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"crossref"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,2,19]],"date-time":"2019-02-19T21:01:08Z","timestamp":1550610068000},"page":"13-18","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":38,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of contemporary patients with vasospastic angina"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"291","author":[{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5409-5434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuji","family":"Odaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shozo","family":"Sueda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroki","family":"Teragawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katsuhisa","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takahiko","family":"Kiyooka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Atsushi","family":"Hirayama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tetsuya","family":"Sumiyoshi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Tanabe","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Kimura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Kaikita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Ong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Udo","family":"Sechtem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Paolo G.","family":"Camici","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Kaski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Filippo","family":"Crea","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John F.","family":"Beltrame","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-09-0033","article-title":"Role of coronary vasoconstriction in ischemic heart disease and search for novel therapeutic targets","volume":"73","author":"Maseri","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu427","article-title":"2014 Williams Harvey lecture: importance of coronary vasomotion abnormalities-from bench to bedside","volume":"35","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-15-1202","article-title":"The who, what, why, when, how and where of vasospastic angina","volume":"80","author":"Beltrame","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9343(59)90003-8","article-title":"Angina pectoris. I. A variant form of angina pectoris; preliminary report","volume":"27","author":"Prinzmetal","year":"1959","journal-title":"Am. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0098","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2013)","volume":"78","author":"JCS Joint Working Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"228","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu313","article-title":"Prognostic impact of chronic nitrate therapy in patients with vasospastic angina: multicentre registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"36","author":"Takahashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"295","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.110.959809","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of vasospastic angina patients who survived out-of-hospital cardiac arrest: multicenter registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"4","author":"Takagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs199","article-title":"Clinical implications of provocation tests for coronary artery spasm: safety, arrhythmic complications, and prognostic impact: multicentre registry study of the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"34","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1144","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.07.018","article-title":"Prognostic stratification of patients with vasospastic angina: a comprehensive clinical risk score developed by the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"62","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0050","first-page":"2565","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for vasospastic angina","volume":"38","author":"Beltrame","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1442","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(99)00073-X","article-title":"Racial heterogeneity in coronary artery vasomotor reactivity: differences between Japanese and Caucasian patients","volume":"33","author":"Beltrame","year":"1999","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.015","article-title":"High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries. The ACOVA study (Abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries)","volume":"59","author":"Ong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0065","first-page":"91","article-title":"Patients with acute myocardial infarction and non-obstructive coronary arteries: safety and prognostic relevance of invasive coronary provocative tests","volume":"39","author":"Montone","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1016\/0167-5273(88)90052-6","article-title":"Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of patients with variant angina. A comparative study between western and Japanese populations","volume":"18","author":"Shimokawa","year":"1988","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"Suppl","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1291\/hypres.29.S1","article-title":"Japanese Society of Hypertension guidelines for the management of hypertension (JSH 2004)","volume":"29","author":"Japanese Society of Hypertension Guidelines Subcommittee for the Management of Hypertension","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hypertens. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.5551\/jat.11.101","article-title":"Editorial: guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of atherosclerotic cardiovascular diseases 2002","volume":"11","author":"Saito","year":"2004","journal-title":"J. Atheroscler. Thromb."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0085","series-title":"Japan Diabetes Society of Guidelines for Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus 2006\u20132007 (in Japanese)","author":"Japan Diabetes Society","year":"2006"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1723","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004096","article-title":"Clinical usefulness, angiographic characteristics, and safety evaluation of intracoronary acetylcholine provocation testing among 921 consecutive white patients with unobstructed coronary arteries","volume":"129","author":"Ong","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.65.7.1299","article-title":"Frequency of provoked coronary arterial spasm in 1089 consecutive patients undergoing coronary arteriography","volume":"65","author":"Bertrand","year":"1982","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1186","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-9149(99)00057-0","article-title":"Frequency of provoked coronary vasospasm in patients undergoing coronary arteriography with spasm provocation test of acetylcholine","volume":"83","author":"Sueda","year":"1999","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1102","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.101.10.1102","article-title":"Major racial differences in coronary constrictor response between Japanese and Caucasians with recent myocardial infarction","volume":"101","author":"Pristipino","year":"2000","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2006.06.016","article-title":"Current clinical features, diagnostic assessment and prognostic determinants of patients with variant angina","volume":"118","author":"Lanza","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0115","first-page":"85","article-title":"Changes in the risk factors for coronary spasm","volume":"12","author":"Ishii","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol. Heart Vasc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1018","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.1976.03270100018019","article-title":"Alpha-adrenoceptor-mediated coronary artery spasm","volume":"236","author":"Levene","year":"1976","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9149(84)90304-7","article-title":"Circadian variation in variant angina","volume":"54","author":"Waters","year":"1984","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.113.000227","article-title":"Coronary vasomotor response to intracoronary acetylcholine injection, clinical features, and long-term prognosis in 873 consecutive patients with coronary spasm: analysis of a single-center study over 20\u202fyears","volume":"2","author":"Sato","year":"2013","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2005.03.008","article-title":"Ergonovine test in angina with normal coronary arteries. Is it worth doing it?","volume":"107","author":"Coma-Canella","year":"2006","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2007.79","article-title":"Recent trends in the prevalence of coronary disease: a population-based autopsy study of nonnatural deaths","volume":"168","author":"Nemetz","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2010.08.626","article-title":"3-year follow-up of patients with coronary artery spasm as cause of acute coronary syndrome: the CASPAR (coronary artery spasm in patients with acute coronary syndrome) study follow-up","volume":"57","author":"Ong","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-12-1486","article-title":"Gender differences in the clinical characteristics and outcomes of patients with vasospastic angina\u2013a report from the Japanese Coronary Spasm Association","volume":"77","author":"Kawana","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circ. J."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527318365173?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527318365173?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:44:01Z","timestamp":1759092241000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527318365173"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"references-count":30,"alternative-id":["S0167527318365173"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Clinical characteristics and long-term prognosis of contemporary patients with vasospastic angina","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.038","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}