{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,4]],"date-time":"2026-06-04T17:28:37Z","timestamp":1780594117637,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":50,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,6,1]],"date-time":"2019-06-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1559347200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100004423","name":"World Health Organization","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100004423","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["OGHA04034785"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["OGHA04034785"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["Y1-AG-1005-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["Y1-AG-1005-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000049","name":"National Institute on Aging","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["YA1323\\u201308-CN-0020"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["YA1323\\u201308-CN-0020"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000049","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,3,1]],"date-time":"2019-03-01T16:50:19Z","timestamp":1551459019000},"page":"140-146","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":16,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Prevalence of angina and co-morbid conditions among older adults in six low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from SAGE Wave 1"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"285","author":[{"given":"Nekehia T.","family":"Quashie","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine","family":"D'Este","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sutapa","family":"Agrawal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nirmala","family":"Naidoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6314-8753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paul","family":"Kowal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1483","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.004042","article-title":"Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: the global burden of disease 2010 study","volume":"129","author":"Moran","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1667","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.008720","article-title":"Global and regional patterns in cardiovascular mortality from 1990 to 2013","volume":"132","author":"Roth","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cpcardiol.2009.10.002","article-title":"Growing epidemic of coronary heart disease in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"35","author":"Gaziano","year":"2010","journal-title":"Curr. Probl. Cardiol."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"934","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2012.10.046","article-title":"Mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, region, and age: Statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations","volume":"168","author":"Finegold","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2578","DOI":"10.2337\/db14-0020","article-title":"Diabetes and cardiovascular disease in older adults: current status and future directions","volume":"63","author":"Halter","year":"2014","journal-title":"Diabetes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"778","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-018-5653-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease (CVD) and associated risk factors among older adults in six low-and middle-income countries: results from SAGE Wave 1","volume":"18","author":"Ruan","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-179","article-title":"The economic burden of angina on households in South Asia","volume":"14","author":"Alam","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-S2-S1","article-title":"NCDs in low and middle-income countries - assessing the capacity of health systems to respond to population needs","author":"Allotey","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0045","series-title":"World Health Organ","article-title":"The diagnosis of ischaemic heart pain and intermittent claudication in field surveys, Bull","author":"ROSE","year":"1962"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0050","unstructured":"S.S. (Sarah) Yoon, C.F. Dillon, K. Illoh, M. Carroll, Trends in the Prevalence of Coronary Heart Disease in the U.S.: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2001\u20132012, Am. J. Prev. Med.51(4) (2016). 437--445"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2261-10-50","article-title":"The prevalence of angina symptoms and association with cardiovascular risk factors, among rural, urban and rural to urban migrant populations in Peru","volume":"10","author":"Zaman","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kww125","article-title":"Chronic noncommunicable diseases in 6 low- and middle-income countries: findings from wave 1 of the world health organization's study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE)","volume":"185","author":"Arokiasamy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.1097\/01.psy.0000146332.53619.b2","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for mortality in patients with coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis","volume":"66","author":"Barth","year":"2004","journal-title":"Psychosom. Med."},{"issue":"7","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"507","DOI":"10.1007\/s10654-014-9926-z","article-title":"The association of depression and angina pectoris across 47 countries: findings from the 2002 world health survey","volume":"29","author":"Loerbroks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. J. Epidemiol."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1007\/s00404-015-3618-0","article-title":"Depression as a risk factor for acute coronary syndrome: a review","volume":"291","author":"Misteli","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch. Gynecol. Obstet."},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"515","DOI":"10.1176\/appi.ajp.2007.07061018","article-title":"Depression and ischemic heart disease mortality: evidence from the EPIC-Norfolk United Kingdom prospective cohort study","volume":"165","author":"Surtees","year":"2008","journal-title":"Am. J. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jad.2012.04.012","article-title":"Depression, anxiety and cardiovascular disease: which symptoms are associated with increased risk in community dwelling older adults?","volume":"142","author":"Gallagher","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Affect. Disord."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.1186\/s12872-015-0036-y","article-title":"Depression increases the onset of cardiovascular disease over and above other determinants in older primary care patients, a cohort study","volume":"15","author":"van Marwijk","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMC Cardiovasc. Disord."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"169","DOI":"10.1002\/j.2051-5545.2010.tb00305.x","article-title":"Reducing the treatment gap for mental disorders: a WPA survey","volume":"9","author":"Patel","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Psychiatry"},{"issue":"1","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0100","first-page":"125","article-title":"Ensuring patient-centered access to cardiovascular disease medicines in low-income and middle-income countries through health-system strengthening","volume":"35","author":"Tran","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiol. Clin."},{"issue":"6","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1639","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dys210","article-title":"Data resource profile: the world health organization study on global ageing and adult health (SAGE)","volume":"41","author":"Kowal","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0110","series-title":"WHO Study on Global AGEing and Adult Health (SAGE) Waves 0 and 1 \u2013 Sampling Information for China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia and South Africa","author":"Naidoo","year":"2012"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0115","first-page":"340","article-title":"Estimating permanent income using indicator variables","volume":"34","author":"Ferguson","year":"2010","journal-title":"World Health Organ."},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2009.229","article-title":"Physical inactivity, abdominal obesity and risk of coronary heart disease in apparently healthy men and women","volume":"34","author":"Arsenault","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-014-0182-6","article-title":"Alcohol consumption, drinking patterns, and ischemic heart disease: a narrative review of meta-analyses and a systematic review and meta-analysis of the impact of heavy drinking occasions on risk for moderate drinkers","volume":"12","author":"Roerecke","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2015.01.077","article-title":"Consumption of fruit and vegetable and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"183","author":"Gan","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.h1551","article-title":"Impact of smoking and smoking cessation on cardiovascular events and mortality among older adults: meta-analysis of individual participant data from prospective cohort studies of the CHANCES consortium","author":"Mons","year":"2015","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"World Health Organisation, Healthy diet, Fact sheet No. 394, 2016. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.08.038.","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apsusc.2011.08.038"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0145","unstructured":"World Health Organisation, Obesity: Preventing and managing the global epidemic. WHO Technical Report Series 894, World Heal. Organ. Geneva. (2000). doi:ISBN 92 4 120894 5."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(03)15268-3","article-title":"Appropriate body-mass index for Asian populations and its implications for policy and intervention strategies","volume":"363","author":"WHO Expert Consultation","year":"2004","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-14-1255","article-title":"Validity of the global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) in assessing levels and change in moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary behaviour","author":"Cleland","year":"2014","journal-title":"BMC Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.1002\/da.20634","article-title":"Age differences in the prevalence and co-morbidity of DSM-IV major depressive episodes: results from the WHO world mental health survey initiative","volume":"27","author":"Kessler","year":"2010","journal-title":"Depress. Anxiety"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2016.07.016","article-title":"Health, social, and economic variables associated with depression among older people in low and middle income countries: World Health Organization study on global AGEing and adult health","volume":"24","author":"Brinda","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0170","article-title":"Age standardization of rates: a new who standard GPE discussion paper series: no. 31 EIP\/GPE\/EBD World Health Organization 2001, World Heal","author":"Ahmad","year":"2001","journal-title":"Organ"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"805","DOI":"10.1185\/03007995.2013.874993","article-title":"AchievemenT of target resting HEart rate on beta-blockers in patients with stable angiNA and hypertension (ATHENA) in routine clinical practice in Russia","volume":"30","author":"Kobalava","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr. Med. Res. Opin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"293","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2014.04.096","article-title":"2014 global geographic analysis of mortality from ischaemic heart disease by country, age and income: Statistics from World Health Organisation and United Nations","volume":"174","author":"Nowbar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0185","article-title":"Prevalence of major chronic conditions among older Chinese adults: the study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) wave 1","author":"Wu","year":"2013","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"436","DOI":"10.1007\/BF03391645","article-title":"Lunina, cardiovascular disease risk factors and mortality in Russia: challenges and barriers","volume":"33","author":"Petrukhin","year":"2011","journal-title":"Public Health Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0195","article-title":"Sociodemographic predictors of multiple non-communicable disease risk factors among older adults in South Africa","author":"Phaswana-Mafuya","year":"2013","journal-title":"Glob. Health Action"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0200","unstructured":"World Health Organisation, Global status report on alcohol and health 2014, Glob. Status Rep. Alcohol. (2014). doi:\/entity\/substance_abuse\/publications\/global_alcohol_report\/en\/index.html."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw319","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality-a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies","volume":"46","author":"Aune","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1758-5872.2011.00119.x","article-title":"Depression in Chinese elderly populations","author":"Lim","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac. Psychiatry"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.93.3.433","article-title":"Prevalence of and risk factors for exertional chest pain in older Mexican Americans","volume":"93","author":"Patel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1526","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.720953","article-title":"Prevalence of angina in women versus men: a systematic review and meta-analysis of international variations across 31 countries","volume":"117","author":"Hemingway","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"R.C. Kessler, E.J. Bromet, The Epidemiology of Depression Across Cultures, 2013. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409.","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-publhealth-031912-114409"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2016.06.005","article-title":"Rationale and design of the improving Care for Cardiovascular Disease in China (CCC) project: a national effort to prompt quality enhancement for acute coronary syndrome","volume":"179","author":"Hao","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S39","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ihj.2016.11.318","article-title":"Management standards for stable coronary artery disease in India","volume":"68","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indian Heart J."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.18565\/cardio.2015.12.99-107","article-title":"Monitoring the secondary prevention of coronary artery disease in Europe and Russia: results of the Russian part of the international multicenter study EUROASPIRE IV","volume":"55","author":"Pogosova","year":"2015","journal-title":"Kardiologiia."},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0245","first-page":"879","article-title":"Management of acute coronary syndromes clinical guideline","volume":"91","author":"Charlton","year":"2001","journal-title":"South African Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1093\/bmb\/ldm010","article-title":"Mental health in low- and middle-income countries","volume":"81-82","author":"Patel","year":"2007","journal-title":"Br. Med. Bull."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527318360741?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527318360741?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,29]],"date-time":"2026-04-29T22:13:02Z","timestamp":1777500782000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527318360741"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"references-count":50,"alternative-id":["S0167527318360741"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,6]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Prevalence of angina and co-morbid conditions among older adults in six low- and middle-income countries: Evidence from SAGE Wave 1","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.02.068","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}