{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,1]],"date-time":"2026-08-01T00:59:09Z","timestamp":1785545949395,"version":"3.56.0"},"reference-count":89,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,12,1]],"date-time":"2019-12-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1575158400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,8,7]],"date-time":"2019-08-07T11:15:15Z","timestamp":1565176515000},"page":"177-183","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Gene therapy for atrial fibrillation - How close to clinical implementation?"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"296","author":[{"given":"Amar","family":"Trivedi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jacob","family":"Hoffman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Rishi","family":"Arora","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0005","first-page":"3","article-title":"Historical perspectives of cardiac electrophysiology","volume":"50","author":"L\u00fcderitz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Hell. J. Cardiol. HJC Hell. Kardiologike Epitheorese"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCEP.108.770529","article-title":"Forty years of invasive clinical electrophysiology: 1967\u20132007","volume":"1","author":"Wellens","year":"2008","journal-title":"Circ. Arrhythm. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1007\/s12265-013-9479-7","article-title":"Percutaneous approaches for efficient cardiac gene delivery","volume":"6","author":"Ishikawa","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Transl. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"H629","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.00126.2012","article-title":"Nonviral gene therapy targeting cardiovascular system","volume":"303","author":"Su","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol. Heart Circ. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2217","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.82.6.2217","article-title":"Expression of recombinant genes in myocardium in\u00a0vivo after direct injection of DNA","volume":"82","author":"Lin","year":"1990","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1171","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmcl.2015.01.018","article-title":"Conceptual and technical aspects of transfection and gene delivery","volume":"25","author":"Kaestner","year":"2015","journal-title":"Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1722","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.06.018","article-title":"Targeted nonviral gene-based inhibition of G\u03b1i\/o-mediated vagal signaling in the posterior left atrium decreases vagal-induced atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Aistrup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2012.15","article-title":"Electroporation-mediated gene transfer directly to the swine heart","volume":"20","author":"Hargrave","year":"2013","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-0556-2-9","article-title":"The use of retroviral vectors for gene therapy-what are the risks? A review of retroviral pathogenesis and its relevance to retroviral vector-mediated gene delivery","volume":"2","author":"Anson","year":"2004","journal-title":"Genet. Vaccines Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1136\/mp.53.4.173","article-title":"Retroviral vectors","volume":"53","author":"Kurian","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"630","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.gt.3301936","article-title":"\u2018Advanced\u2019 generation lentiviruses as efficient vectors for cardiomyocyte gene transduction in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"10","author":"Bonci","year":"2003","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1007\/s12033-007-0010-8","article-title":"Gene delivery by lentivirus vectors","volume":"36","author":"Cockrell","year":"2007","journal-title":"Mol. Biotechnol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"759","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2010.07.022","article-title":"Gene therapy strategies for cardiac electrical dysfunction","volume":"50","author":"Greener","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"139","DOI":"10.15420\/aer.2014.3.3.139","article-title":"The use of gene therapy for ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"3","author":"Liu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arrhythmia Electrophysiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2010.11.023","article-title":"Intramyocardial plasmid-encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor A165\/basic fibroblast growth factor therapy using percutaneous transcatheter approach in patients with refractory coronary artery disease (VIF-CAD)","volume":"161","author":"Kuku\u0142a","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"724","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.109.200386","article-title":"Human studies of angiogenic gene therapy","volume":"105","author":"Gupta","year":"2009","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0085","first-page":"801","article-title":"Altered patterns of gap junction distribution in ischemic heart disease. An immunohistochemical study of human myocardium using laser scanning confocal microscopy","volume":"139","author":"Smith","year":"1991","journal-title":"Am. J. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"74","DOI":"10.1016\/S0014-5793(03)00822-6","article-title":"Long-term restitution of 4-aminopyridine-sensitive currents in Kv1DN ventricular myocytes using adeno-associated virus-mediated delivery of Kv1.5","volume":"550","author":"Kodirov","year":"2003","journal-title":"FEBS Lett."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3227","DOI":"10.1128\/jvi.70.5.3227-3234.1996","article-title":"Second-strand synthesis is a rate-limiting step for efficient transduction by recombinant adeno-associated virus vectors","volume":"70","author":"Ferrari","year":"1996","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Virol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1126\/scitranslmed.3002097","article-title":"Cardiac AAV9-S100A1 gene therapy rescues post-ischemic heart failure in a preclinical large animal model","volume":"3","author":"Pleger","year":"2011","journal-title":"Sci. Transl. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11498","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.90.24.11498","article-title":"Quantitative determination of adenovirus-mediated gene delivery to rat cardiac myocytes in\u00a0vitro and in\u00a0vivo","volume":"90","author":"Kass-Eisler","year":"1993","journal-title":"Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"371","DOI":"10.1089\/hum.2009.164","article-title":"Cardiac gene therapy: optimization of gene delivery techniques in\u00a0vivo","volume":"21","author":"Katz","year":"2010","journal-title":"Hum. Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"659","DOI":"10.1038\/gt.2012.11","article-title":"Gene delivery technologies for cardiac applications","volume":"19","author":"Katz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Gene Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"954","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2007.02.004","article-title":"Targeted high-efficiency, homogeneous myocardial gene transfer","volume":"42","author":"Sasano","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.022889","article-title":"Calcium Upregulation by Percutaneous Administration of Gene Therapy in Cardiac Disease (CUPID): a phase 2 trial of intracoronary gene therapy of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase in patients with advanced heart failure","volume":"124","author":"Jessup","year":"2011","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1178","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(16)00082-9","article-title":"Calcium upregulation by percutaneous administration of gene therapy in patients with cardiac disease (CUPID 2): a randomised, multinational, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 2b trial","volume":"387","author":"Greenberg","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000153338.47507.83","article-title":"Targeted modification of atrial electrophysiology by homogeneous transmural atrial gene transfer","volume":"111","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1186\/1479-0556-6-13","article-title":"Tissue specific promoters improve specificity of AAV9 mediated transgene expression following intra-vascular gene delivery in neonatal mice","volume":"6","author":"Pacak","year":"2008","journal-title":"Genet. Vaccines Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1162\/1535350041464847","article-title":"Cardiac-specific gene expression facilitated by an enhanced myosin light chain promoter","volume":"3","author":"Boecker","year":"2004","journal-title":"Mol. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ymthe.2006.08.042","article-title":"30. Cardiac-specific gene expression using pseudotyped AAV vectors and the cardiac troponin-T promoter","volume":"13","author":"Prasad","year":"2006","journal-title":"Mol. Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCOUTCOMES.111.962688","article-title":"Incidence and prevalence of atrial fibrillation and associated mortality among Medicare beneficiaries, 1993\u20132007","volume":"5","author":"Piccini","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circ. Cardiovasc. Qual. Outcomes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"433","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2009.12.004","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation is independently associated with senile, vascular, and Alzheimer\u2019s dementia","volume":"7","author":"Bunch","year":"2010","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2014.05.040","article-title":"A\u00a0genome-wide association study to identify genomic modulators of rate control therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation","volume":"114","author":"Kolek","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2010.1690","article-title":"Association between familial atrial fibrillation and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"304","author":"Lubitz","year":"2010","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199103213241201","article-title":"Mortality and morbidity in patients receiving encainide, flecainide, or placebo","volume":"324","author":"Echt","year":"1991","journal-title":"N.\u00a0Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hfc.2015.08.017","article-title":"Antiarrhythmic drug therapy for atrial fibrillation","volume":"12","author":"Sardar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Heart Fail. Clin."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw260","article-title":"Catheter ablation in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"38","author":"Kirchhof","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1100","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000157153.30978.67","article-title":"Worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy, and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation","volume":"111","author":"Cappato","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2009.02.022","article-title":"Prevalence and causes of fatal outcome in catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation","volume":"53","author":"Cappato","year":"2009","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"548","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1540-8167.2001.00548.x","article-title":"Method for simultaneous epicardial and endocardial mapping of in\u00a0vivo canine heart: application to atrial conduction properties and arrhythmia mechanisms","volume":"12","author":"Derakhchan","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1236","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.98.12.1236","article-title":"Spatiotemporal periodicity during atrial fibrillation in the isolated sheep heart","volume":"98","author":"Skanes","year":"1998","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2006.12.040","article-title":"Atrial fibrosis and the mechanisms of atrial fibrillation","volume":"4","author":"Everett","year":"2007","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm Off. J. Heart Rhythm Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"423","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1540-8167.1998.tb00930.x","article-title":"Susceptibility to atrial fibrillation: a study in an ovine model of pacing-induced early heart failure","volume":"9","author":"Power","year":"1998","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2005.06.014","article-title":"Electrical and structural remodeling: role in the genesis and maintenance of atrial fibrillation","volume":"48","author":"Schoonderwoerd","year":"2005","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1757","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(01)01606-0","article-title":"Progressive action potential duration shortening and the conversion from atrial flutter to atrial fibrillation in the isolated canine right atrium","volume":"38","author":"Wu","year":"2001","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2263","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.109.911156","article-title":"Selective molecular potassium channel blockade prevents atrial fibrillation","volume":"121","author":"Amit","year":"2010","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2011.09.008","article-title":"Genetic suppression of atrial fibrillation using a dominant-negative ether-a-go-go\u2013related gene mutant","volume":"9","author":"Soucek","year":"2012","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"471","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.506857","article-title":"Human atrial ion channel and transporter subunit gene-expression remodeling associated with valvular heart disease and atrial fibrillation","volume":"112","author":"Gaborit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"513","DOI":"10.1085\/jgp.101.4.513","volume":"101","year":"1993","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Gen. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"394","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M307411200","article-title":"Molecular basis for Kv1.5 channel block: conservation of drug binding sites among voltage-gated K+ channels","volume":"279","author":"Decher","year":"2004","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"issue":"744\u2013751","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0255","article-title":"Kv1.5 is an important component of repolarizing K+ current in canine atrial myocytes","volume":"93","author":"David","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Stefan Peukert, * et\u00a0al. Identification, Synthesis, and Activity of Novel Blockers of the Voltage-Gated Potassium Channel Kv1.5. (2003). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1021\/jm0210461","DOI":"10.1021\/jm0210461"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1798","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2014.06.020","article-title":"Cloning, functional characterization, and remodeling of K2P3.1 (TASK-1) potassium channels in a porcine model of atrial fibrillation and heart failure","volume":"11","author":"Schmidt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/eht309.3411","article-title":"TASK-1 potassium channel mutations in atrial fibrillation","volume":"34","author":"Olesen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"613","DOI":"10.1159\/000335757","article-title":"TASK-1 channels may modulate action potential duration of human atrial cardiomyocytes","volume":"28","author":"Limberg","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell. Physiol. Biochem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"82","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.114.012657","article-title":"Upregulation of K(2P)3.1 K+ current causes action potential shortening in patients with chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"132","author":"Schmidt","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0285","first-page":"1764","article-title":"Inverse remodelling of K2P3.1 K+ channel expression and action potential duration in left ventricular dysfunction and atrial fibrillation: implications for patient-specific antiarrhythmic drug therapy","volume":"38","author":"Schmidt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.075432","article-title":"Connexins and atrial fibrillation: filling in the gaps","volume":"125","author":"Kato","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Gollob, M. H. et\u00a0al. Somatic mutations in the connexin 40 gene (GJA5) in atrial fibrillation. doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa052800 (2009). doi:https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1056\/NEJMoa052800","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa052800"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12860-016-0118-4","article-title":"Cardiac Cx43, Cx40 and Cx45 co-assembling: involvement of connexins epitopes in formation of hemichannels and Gap junction channels","volume":"18","author":"Desplantez","year":"2017","journal-title":"BMC Cell Biol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"218","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvr209","article-title":"Connexin 43 gene therapy prevents persistent atrial fibrillation in a porcine model","volume":"92","author":"Bikou","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"216","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.053272","article-title":"Connexin gene transfer preserves conduction velocity and prevents atrial fibrillation","volume":"125","author":"Igarashi","year":"2012","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2013.09.020","article-title":"Atrial autonomic innervation: a target for interventional antiarrhythmic therapy?","volume":"63","author":"Linz","year":"2014","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1340","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2006.10.075","article-title":"Unique autonomic profile of the pulmonary veins and posterior left atrium","volume":"49","author":"Arora","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1053\/jcan.2002.126955","article-title":"A\u00a0comparison of the chronotropic and dromotropic actions between adenosine triphosphate and edrophonium in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery","volume":"16","author":"Watanabe","year":"2002","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Cardiothorac. Vasc. Anesth."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"28669","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M703677200","article-title":"Dynamic integration of \u03b1-adrenergic and cholinergic signals in the atria role of G protein-regulated inwardly rectifying K+ channels","volume":"282","author":"Nikolov","year":"2007","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"C821","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpcell.1995.269.4.C821","article-title":"G\u00a0protein regulation of cardiac muscarinic potassium channel","volume":"269","author":"Kurachi","year":"1995","journal-title":"Am. J. Physiol.-Cell Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"481","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvp148","article-title":"Targeted G-protein inhibition as a novel approach to decrease vagal atrial fibrillation by selective parasympathetic attenuation","volume":"83","author":"Aistrup","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00031.2009","article-title":"Pathophysiological mechanisms of atrial fibrillation: a translational appraisal","volume":"91","author":"Schotten","year":"2011","journal-title":"Physiol. Rev."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1159\/000347126","article-title":"Increased expression of connective tissue growth factor and transforming growth factor-beta-1 in atrial myocardium of patients with chronic atrial fibrillation","volume":"124","author":"Li","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Increased Expression of Connective Tissue Growth Factor and Transforming Growth Factor-Beta-1 in Atrial Myocardium of Patients with Chronic Atrial Fibrillation - Abstract - Cardiology 2013, Vol. 124, No. 4 - Karger Publishers. Available at: https:\/\/www.karger.com\/Article\/Abstract\/347126. (Accessed: 3rd August 2018).","DOI":"10.1159\/000347126"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0360","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.115.307878","article-title":"Constitutive expression of a dominant-negative TGF-\u03b2 type II receptor in the posterior left atrium leads to beneficial remodeling of atrial fibrillation substrate","volume":"119","author":"Kunamalla","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0365","article-title":"MicroRNA profiling of atrial fibrillation in canines: miR-206 modulates intrinsic cardiac autonomic nerve remodeling by regulating SOD1","volume":"10","author":"Zhang","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehr269","article-title":"Suppression of persistent atrial fibrillation by genetic knockdown of caspase 3: a pre-clinical pilot study","volume":"34","author":"Trappe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0375","series-title":"Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine","author":"Halliwell","year":"2015"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2015.10.001","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species: reactions and detection from photosynthetic tissues","volume":"152","author":"Mattila","year":"2015","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Photochem. Photobiol. B"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yjmcc.2013.04.019","article-title":"Oxidative stress in atrial fibrillation: an emerging role of NADPH oxidase","volume":"62","author":"Youn","year":"2013","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Mol. Cell. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1161\/HYPERTENSIONAHA.107.101980","article-title":"Involvement of Nox2 NADPH oxidase in adverse cardiac remodeling after myocardial infarction","volume":"51","author":"Looi","year":"2008","journal-title":"Hypertension"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2854","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000039327.11661.16","article-title":"Downregulation of endocardial nitric oxide synthase expression and nitric oxide production in atrial fibrillation: potential mechanisms for atrial thrombosis and stroke","volume":"106","author":"Cai","year":"2002","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1373\/clinchem.2006.083923","article-title":"Oxidative stress markers are associated with persistent atrial fibrillation","volume":"53","author":"Neuman","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0405","first-page":"327","article-title":"Oxidative modification of rat cardiac mitochondrial membranes and myofibrils by hydroxyl radicals","volume":"23","author":"Babus\u00edkov\u00e1","year":"2004","journal-title":"Gen. Physiol. Biophys."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-016-2445-3","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and fibrosis: further evidence of a significant liaison","volume":"365","author":"Richter","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell Tissue Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0415","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.3181\/0706-RM-155","article-title":"Mitochondrial dysfunction and redox signaling in atrial tachyarrhythmia","volume":"233","author":"Bukowska","year":"2008","journal-title":"Exp. Biol. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"Paik, Y.-H. & Brenner, D. NADPH oxidase mediated oxidative stress in hepatic fibrogenesis. 17, (2011).","DOI":"10.3350\/kjhep.2011.17.4.251"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"629","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000183735.09871.61","article-title":"A\u00a0myocardial Nox2 containing NAD(P)H oxidase contributes to oxidative stress in human atrial fibrillation","volume":"97","author":"Kim","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1161\/01.RES.0000186804.96482.78","article-title":"Roles for Nox oxidases in cardiac arrhythmia and oxidized glutathione export in endothelial function","volume":"97","author":"Wolin","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"462","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2008.02.048","article-title":"A\u00a0dynamic pathway for calcium-independent activation of CaMKII by methionine oxidation","volume":"133","author":"Erickson","year":"2008","journal-title":"Cell"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3277","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI57833","article-title":"Oxidized CaMKII causes cardiac sinus node dysfunction in mice","volume":"121","author":"Swaminathan","year":"2011","journal-title":"J.\u00a0Clin. Invest."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057_bb0445","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.003313","article-title":"Oxidized CaMKII triggers atrial fibrillation","volume":"128","author":"Purohit","year":"2013","journal-title":"Circulation"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527318331528?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527318331528?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:43:59Z","timestamp":1759092239000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527318331528"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"references-count":89,"alternative-id":["S0167527318331528"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2019,12]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Gene therapy for atrial fibrillation - How close to clinical implementation?","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.07.057","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2019 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}