{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,3]],"date-time":"2026-04-03T22:23:53Z","timestamp":1775255033531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,2,1]],"date-time":"2021-02-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1612137600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000050","name":"National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000050","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,10,5]],"date-time":"2020-10-05T22:28:40Z","timestamp":1601936920000},"page":"155-160","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Triggering of cardiovascular disease by infection type: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC)"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"325","author":[{"given":"Logan T.","family":"Cowan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jessica S.","family":"Schwind","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Pamela L.","family":"Lutsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"James S.","family":"Pankow","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kunihiro","family":"Matsushita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Junichi","family":"Ishigami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kamakshi","family":"Lakshminarayan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1532-5415.2005.53105.x","article-title":"Incidence of cardiovascular disease in older americans: the cardiovascular health study","volume":"53","author":"Arnold","year":"2005","journal-title":"J. Am. Geriatr. Soc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"606","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2004.07.019","article-title":"Risk factors for cardiovascular event recurrence in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) study","volume":"149","author":"Wattanakit","year":"2005","journal-title":"Am. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1387","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.006699","article-title":"Risk for myocardial infarction and stroke after community-acquired bacteremia: a 20-year population-based cohort study","volume":"129","author":"Dalager-Pedersen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1652","DOI":"10.1093\/infdis\/jis597","article-title":"Influenza infection and risk of acute myocardial infarction in England and wales: a caliber self-controlled case series study","volume":"206","author":"Warren-Gash","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0025","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"732","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(10)62296-9","article-title":"Public health importance of triggers of myocardial infarction: a comparative risk assessment","volume":"377","author":"Nawrot","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1086\/518849","article-title":"The association between pneumococcal pneumonia and acute cardiac events","volume":"45","author":"Musher","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18229","article-title":"Association between hospitalization for pneumonia and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease","volume":"313","author":"Corrales-Medina","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1702090","article-title":"Acute myocardial infarction after laboratory-confirmed influenza infection","volume":"378","author":"Kwong","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1612","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.116.012890","article-title":"Hospitalized infection as a trigger for acute ischemic stroke: the atherosclerosis risk in communities study","volume":"47","author":"Cowan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0050","series-title":"Hospitalization for infection and risk of acute ischemic stroke: the cardiovascular health study","first-page":"1851","volume":"42","author":"Elkind","year":"2011"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e1001048","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1001048","article-title":"Cardiac complications in patients with community-acquired pneumonia: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies","volume":"8","author":"Corrales-Medina","year":"2011","journal-title":"PLoS Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0060","first-page":"83","article-title":"Role of acute infection in triggering acute coronary syndromes. Lancet","volume":"10","author":"Corrales-Medina","year":"2010","journal-title":"Infect. Dis. (print)."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2611","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa041747","article-title":"Risk of myocardial infarction and stroke after acute infection or vaccination","volume":"351","author":"Smeeth","year":"2004","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1467","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(97)11084-4","article-title":"Acute respiratory-tract infections and risk of first-time acute myocardial infarction","volume":"351","author":"Meier","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehm516","article-title":"Recent respiratory infection and risk of cardiovascular disease : case-control study through a general practice database","volume":"29","author":"Clayton","year":"2008","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2015.12.014","article-title":"Plasma markers of inflammation and prediction of cardiovascular disease and mortality in african americans with type 1 diabetes","volume":"114","author":"Roy","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes Res. Clin. Pract."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.1155\/2009\/851962","article-title":"Markers of inflammation and risk of coronary heart disease","volume":"26","author":"Sarwar","year":"2009","journal-title":"Dis. Markers"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1049","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neuroscience.2008.08.019","article-title":"Systemic infection, inflammation and acute ischemic stroke","volume":"158","author":"McColl","year":"2009","journal-title":"Neuroscience."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"479","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2011.01.035","article-title":"Association between acute infections and risk of acute coronary syndrome: a meta-analysis","volume":"147","author":"Mei","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1025","DOI":"10.1086\/605562","article-title":"Infectious disease hospitalizations in the United States","volume":"49","author":"Christensen","year":"2009","journal-title":"Clin. Infect. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"687","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a115184","volume":"129","year":"1989","journal-title":"Am. J. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/0895-4356(95)00041-0","article-title":"Community surveillance of coronary heart disease in the atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) study: methods and initial two years' experience","volume":"49","author":"White","year":"1996","journal-title":"J. Clin. Epidemiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"736","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.30.4.736","article-title":"Stroke incidence and survival among middle-aged adults: 9-year follow-up of the atherosclerosis risk in communities (aric) cohort","volume":"30","author":"Rosamond","year":"1999","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.2105\/AJPH.88.1.15","article-title":"Use and misuse of population attributable fractions","volume":"88","author":"Rockhill","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am. J. Public Health"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e009683","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.118.009683","article-title":"Inpatient and outpatient infection as a trigger of cardiovascular disease: the aric study","volume":"7","author":"Cowan Logan","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1459","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000002065","article-title":"Infection, vaccination, and childhood arterial ischemic stroke: results of the vips study","volume":"85","author":"Fullerton","year":"2015","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1445-5994.2011.02583.x","article-title":"Patterns of inflammatory activation associated with precipitants of acute coronary syndromes: a case-crossover study","volume":"42","author":"Chew","year":"2012","journal-title":"Intern. Med. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"496","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61266-5","article-title":"Acute pneumonia and the cardiovascular system","volume":"381","author":"Corrales-Medina","year":"2013","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"issue":"17","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1619","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra1312885","article-title":"Community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"371","author":"Musher","year":"2014","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"issue":"3","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0155","first-page":"e7158","article-title":"Role of prophylactic antibiotics in critical care of stroke patients - a preventive approach to post-stroke infections?","volume":"12","author":"Rashid","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jstrokecerebrovasdis.2018.07.001","article-title":"Effectiveness and safety of antibiotics for preventing pneumonia and improving outcome after acute stroke: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"27","author":"Badve","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Stroke Cerebrovasc. Dis."},{"issue":"20","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.09.029","article-title":"The role of macrolide antibiotics in increasing cardiovascular risk","volume":"66","author":"Cheng","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"issue":"8","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"663","DOI":"10.1007\/s40264-017-0533-2","article-title":"Managing cardiovascular risk of macrolides: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"40","author":"Wong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drug Saf."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0175","first-page":"14(12)","article-title":"Clarithromycin use and the risk of mortality and cardiovascular events: a systematic review and meta-analysis","author":"You","year":"2019","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"issue":"9","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e008074","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.117.008074","article-title":"Estimated cardiac risk associated with macrolides and fluoroquinolones decreases substantially when adjusting for patient characteristics and comorbidities","volume":"7","author":"Polgreen","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Heart Assoc."},{"issue":"12","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"681","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneurol.2010.163","article-title":"Common infections and the risk of stroke","volume":"6","author":"Grau","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Neurol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"562","DOI":"10.1136\/oem.2006.026690","article-title":"Bias in occupational epidemiology studies","volume":"64","author":"Pearce","year":"2007","journal-title":"Occup. Environ. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1097\/00001648-199605000-00003","article-title":"Confounding and exposure trends in case-crossover and case-time-control designs","volume":"7","author":"Greenland","year":"1996","journal-title":"Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.)"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0200","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.279206","article-title":"Association between influenza vaccination and cardiovascular outcomes in high-risk patients: a meta-analysis","volume":"310","author":"Udell","year":"2013","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"issue":"19","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2008","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2015.15629","article-title":"Statins for prevention of cardiovascular disease in adults: evidence report and systematic review for the US preventive services task force","volume":"316","author":"Chou","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"issue":"10","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2814","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.001576","article-title":"Reduction in early stroke risk in carotid stenosis with transient ischemic attack associated with statin treatment","volume":"44","author":"Merwick","year":"2013","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"492","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.113.002590","article-title":"Antiplatelet treatment for prevention of cerebrovascular events in patients with vascular diseases","volume":"45","author":"Gouya","year":"2014","journal-title":"Stroke"},{"issue":"2","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1159\/000493572","article-title":"Beneficial effects of vaccination on cardiovascular events: myocardial infarction, stroke, heart failure","volume":"141","author":"Fountoulaki","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cardiology"},{"issue":"11","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2440","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0b013e318225742c","article-title":"Effect of pravastatin on the frequency of ventilator-associated pneumonia and on intensive care unit mortality: open-label, randomized study","volume":"39","author":"Makris","year":"2011","journal-title":"Crit. Care Med."},{"issue":"16","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0230","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1692","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2013.280031","article-title":"Effect of statin therapy on mortality in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"310","author":"Papazian","year":"2013","journal-title":"Jama"},{"issue":"4","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"R122","DOI":"10.1186\/cc11418","article-title":"The impact of statin use on pneumonia risk and outcome: a combined population-based case-control and cohort study","volume":"16","author":"Nielsen","year":"2012","journal-title":"Crit. Care"},{"issue":"5","key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"403","DOI":"10.7861\/clinmedicine.17-5-403","article-title":"Statin therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia","volume":"17","author":"Grudzinska","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin. Med. (London, England)"}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527320339036?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527320339036?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:50:20Z","timestamp":1759092620000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527320339036"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"references-count":47,"alternative-id":["S0167527320339036"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,2]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Triggering of cardiovascular disease by infection type: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (ARIC)","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.09.073","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}