{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T16:36:07Z","timestamp":1784046967829,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,1]],"date-time":"2021-04-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617235200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"}],"funder":[{"name":"Gonryo Medical Foundation"},{"name":"Japanese Association of Cardiac Rehabilitation"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,9]],"date-time":"2020-12-09T15:54:55Z","timestamp":1607529295000},"page":"14-21","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":15,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Beneficial effects of exercise training on physical performance in patients with vasospastic angina"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"328","author":[{"given":"Jun","family":"Sugisawa","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuharu","family":"Matsumoto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masashi","family":"Takeuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Akira","family":"Suda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Tsuchiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuma","family":"Ohyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kensuke","family":"Nishimiya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Akizuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Koichi","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoko","family":"Ohura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hideki","family":"Ota","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shohei","family":"Ikeda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Shindo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoku","family":"Kikuchi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kiyotaka","family":"Hao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takashi","family":"Shiroto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jun","family":"Takahashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Satoshi","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yasuhiko","family":"Sakata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kei","family":"Takase","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Masahiro","family":"Kohzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hiroaki","family":"Shimokawa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3180","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehu427","article-title":"2014 Williams Harvey lecture: importance of coronary vasomotion abnormalities - from bench to bedside","volume":"35","author":"Shimokawa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/S0167-5273(01)00540-X","article-title":"Three-year follow-up of the Japanese patients with microvascular angina attributable to coronary microvascular spasm","volume":"81","author":"Masumoto","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.11.015","article-title":"High prevalence of a pathological response to acetylcholine testing in patients with stable angina pectoris and unobstructed coronary arteries: the ACOVA study (abnormal COronary VAsomotion in patients with stable angina and unobstructed coronary arteries)","volume":"59","author":"Ong","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0020","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"847","DOI":"10.1016\/S0735-1097(02)01690-X","article-title":"Coronary microvascular spasm causes myocardial ischemia in patients with vasospastic angina","volume":"39","author":"Sun","year":"2002","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0025","article-title":"ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes: the task force for the diagnosis and management of chronic coronary syndromes of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC)","author":"ESC Scientific Document Group","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0030","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjci\/jet133","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of hyperaemic myocardial blood flow index obtained by dynamic computed tomography: does it predict functionally significant coronary lesions?","volume":"15","author":"Rossi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J. Cardiovasc. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"333","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(94)00397-9","article-title":"Development and evaluation of the Seattle angina questionnaire: a new functional status measure for coronary artery disease","volume":"25","author":"Spertus","year":"1995","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1097\/00005650-199206000-00002","article-title":"The MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) I. conceptual framework and item selection","volume":"30","author":"Ware","year":"1992","journal-title":"Med. Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.1249\/01.MSS.0000078924.61453.FB","article-title":"International physical activity questionnaire: 12-country reliability and validity","volume":"35","author":"Craig","year":"2003","journal-title":"Med. Sci. Sports Exerc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"258","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehs199","article-title":"Clinical implications of provocation tests for coronary artery spasm: safety, arrhythmic complications, and prognostic impact: multicentre registry study of the japanese coronary spasm association","volume":"34","author":"Takagi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2779","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-66-0098","article-title":"Guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of patients with vasospastic angina (coronary spastic angina) (JCS 2013)","volume":"78","author":"JCS Joint Working Group","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3129","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.0000080700.98607.D1","article-title":"Novel index for invasively assessing the coronary microcirculation","volume":"107","author":"Fearon","year":"2003","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.12.053","article-title":"Coronary flow reserve and microcirculatory resistance in patients with intermediate coronary stenosis","volume":"67","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.08.1056","article-title":"Coronary functional abnormalities in patients with angina and non-obstructive coronary artery disease","volume":"74","author":"Suda","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.08.068","article-title":"International standardization of diagnostic criteria for microvascular angina","volume":"250","author":"Ong","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.93.5.879","article-title":"TIMI frame count: a quantitative method of assessing coronary artery flow","volume":"93","author":"Gibson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1653","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0213","article-title":"Increased coronary perivascular adipose tissue volume in patients with vasospastic angina","volume":"80","author":"Ohyama","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1097\/RLI.0b013e3181dfa3cf","article-title":"Quantitative whole heart stress perfusion CT imaging as noninvasive assessment of hemodynamics in coronary artery stenosis: preliminary animal experience","volume":"45","author":"Mahnken","year":"2010","journal-title":"Investig. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1438","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.115.016442","article-title":"Coronary collateral growth induced by physical exercise: results of the impact of intensive exercise training on coronary collateral circulation in patients with stable coronary artery disease (EXCITE) trial","volume":"133","author":"M\u00f6bius-Winkler","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2011.06.054","article-title":"Exercise training improves exercise capacity and diastolic function in patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction","volume":"58","author":"Edelmann","year":"2011","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pcad.2013.12.001","article-title":"Current state of cardiac rehabilitation in Japan","volume":"56","author":"Goto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Prog. Cardiovasc. Dis."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0110","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.11.046","article-title":"Coronary adventitial and perivascular adipose tissue inflammation in patients with vasospastic angina","volume":"71","author":"Ohyama","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2324","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806576","article-title":"Diagnostic performance of coronary angiography by 64-row CT","volume":"359","author":"Miller","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.eurheartj.a014687","article-title":"The impact of myocardial blood flow quantitation with PET on the understanding of cardiac diseases","volume":"17","author":"Camici","year":"1996","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.11.040","article-title":"Impact of abnormal coronary reactivity on long-term clinical outcomes in women","volume":"73","author":"AlBadri","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2004.11.011","article-title":"Divergent effects of estrogen and nicotine on rho-kinase expression in human coronary vascular smooth muscle cells","volume":"326","author":"Hiroki","year":"2005","journal-title":"Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"938","DOI":"10.1161\/01.CIR.59.5.938","article-title":"Circadian variation of exercise capacity in patients with Prinzmetal\u2019s variant angina: role of exercise-induced coronary arterial spasm","volume":"59","author":"Yasue","year":"1979","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"454","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM200002173420702","article-title":"Effect of exercise on coronary endothelial function in patients with coronary artery disease","volume":"342","author":"Hambrecht","year":"2000","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"34","DOI":"10.1016\/0735-1097(92)90048-R","article-title":"Myocardial perfusion and regression of coronary artery disease in patients on a regimen of intensive physical exercise and low fat diet","volume":"19","author":"Schuler","year":"1992","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.08.017","article-title":"Physical activity and mortality in patients with stable coronary heart disease","volume":"70","author":"Stewart","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/pri.239","article-title":"Beneficial therapeutic effects of physical training and relaxation therapy in women with coronary syndrome X","volume":"7","author":"Tyni-Lenne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Physiother. Res. Int."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2841","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.006","article-title":"Stratified medical therapy using invasive coronary function testing in angina: the CorMicA trial","volume":"72","author":"Ford","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1038\/nri3041","article-title":"The anti-inflammatory effects of exercise: mechanisms and implications for the prevention and treatment of disease","volume":"11","author":"Gleeson","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Immunol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3466","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.13732","article-title":"Exercise effects on perivascular adipose tissue: endocrine and paracrine determinants of vascular function","volume":"174","author":"Boa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Br. J. Pharmacol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1007\/s00330-014-3164-3","article-title":"Quantification of myocardial blood flow using dynamic 320-row multi-detector CT as compared with 15O-H2O PET","volume":"24","author":"Kikuchi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur. Radiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0180","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1007\/s10554-014-0432-x","article-title":"Normal range and regional heterogeneity of myocardial perfusion in healthy human myocardium: assessment on dynamic perfusion CT using 128-slice dual-source CT","volume":"30","author":"Kim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int. J. Card. Imaging"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0185","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2252","DOI":"10.1253\/circj.CJ-16-0580","article-title":"Focal vasa vasorum formation in patients with focal coronary vasospasm -an optical frequency domain imaging study","volume":"80","author":"Nishimiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circ. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"598","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2015.11.031","article-title":"Enhanced adventitial vasa vasorum formation in patients with vasospastic angina: assessment with OFDI","volume":"9","author":"Nishimiya","year":"2016","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527320342509?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527320342509?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:51:29Z","timestamp":1759092689000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527320342509"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["S0167527320342509"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,4]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Beneficial effects of exercise training on physical performance in patients with vasospastic angina","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.12.003","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2020 Published by Elsevier B.V.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}