{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,13]],"date-time":"2026-04-13T05:19:49Z","timestamp":1776057589168,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":112,"publisher":"Elsevier BV","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/tdm\/userlicense\/1.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/www.elsevier.com\/legal\/tdmrep-license"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-017"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-037"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-012"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-029"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,9,1]],"date-time":"2021-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1630454400000},"content-version":"stm-asf","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.15223\/policy-004"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["clinicalkey.com","clinicalkey.com.au","clinicalkey.es","clinicalkey.fr","clinicalkey.jp","internationaljournalofcardiology.com","elsevier.com","sciencedirect.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,28]],"date-time":"2021-05-28T23:32:21Z","timestamp":1622244741000},"page":"248-257","update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/elsevier_cm_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"special_numbering":"C","title":["Cardiologist's approach to the diabetic patient: No further delay for a paradigm shift"],"prefix":"10.1016","volume":"338","author":[{"given":"Francesco","family":"Maranta","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Lorenzo","family":"Cianfanelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Carlo","family":"Gaspardone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Vincenzo","family":"Rizza","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rocco","family":"Grippo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marco","family":"Ambrosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Domenico","family":"Cianflone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"78","reference":[{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0005","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12963-018-0166-4","article-title":"Projection of the future diabetes burden in the United States through 2060","volume":"16","author":"Lin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Popul. Health Metrics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0010","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(13)70112-8","article-title":"Diabetes: a 21st century challenge","volume":"2","author":"Zimmet","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0015","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1605","DOI":"10.2337\/diacare.27.7.1605","article-title":"Mortality and causes of death in a national sample of diabetic patients in Taiwan","volume":"27","author":"Tseng","year":"2004","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0020","first-page":"3035","article-title":"2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD","volume":"34","author":"Cosentino","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0025","first-page":"e596","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"140","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0030","series-title":"Glycaemic Control and Vascular Complications in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2","first-page":"129","author":"Maranta","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0035","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.07.001","article-title":"Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in diabetes mellitus","volume":"70","author":"Newman","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0040","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1097\/PAS.0b013e3181bc5f0f","article-title":"Robbins and Cotran\u02bcs pathologic basis of disease, 8th edition","volume":"34","author":"Coleman","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am. J. Surg. Pathol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0045","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1141","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.06.046","article-title":"Impact of lipids on cardiovascular health: JACC health promotion series","volume":"72","author":"Ference","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0050","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.4093\/dmj.2018.0041","article-title":"Diabetes and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis","volume":"42","author":"Lee","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab. J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0055","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2017.05.069","article-title":"Predictors and prognostic impact of silent coronary artery disease in asymptomatic high-risk patients with diabetes mellitus","volume":"244","author":"Zellweger","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0060","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.104.495127","article-title":"Postprandial myocardial perfusion in healthy subjects and in type 2 diabetic patients","volume":"112","author":"Scognamiglio","year":"2005","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0065","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1501","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCRESAHA.120.315913","article-title":"Basic mechanisms of diabetic heart disease","volume":"126","author":"Ritchie","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circ. Res."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0070","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-017-4390-4","article-title":"Diabetic cardiomyopathy: a hyperglycaemia- and insulin-resistance-induced heart disease","volume":"61","author":"Jia","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0075","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(14)70057-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular mortality, all-cause mortality, and diabetes incidence after lifestyle intervention for people with impaired glucose tolerance in the Da Qing diabetes prevention study: A 23-year follow-up study","volume":"2","author":"Li","year":"2014","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0080","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(08)60104-X","article-title":"Efficacy of cholesterol-lowering therapy in 18 686 people with diabetes in 14 randomised trials of statins: a meta-analysis","volume":"371","year":"2008","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0085","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"603","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2014.18574","article-title":"Blood pressure lowering in type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"313","author":"Emdin","year":"2015","journal-title":"J. Am. Med. Assoc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0090","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2298","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-4065-6","article-title":"Years of life gained by multifactorial intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria: 21 years follow-up on the Steno-2 randomised trial","volume":"59","author":"G\u00e6de","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0095","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2315","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehw106","article-title":"2016 European guidelines on cardiovascular disease prevention in clinical practice","volume":"37","author":"Piepoli","year":"2016","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0100","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz455","article-title":"2019 ESC\/EAS guidelines for the management of dyslipidaemias: lipid modification to reduce cardiovascular risk","volume":"41","author":"Mach","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0105","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehy339","article-title":"2018 ESC\/ESH guidelines for themanagement of arterial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0110","first-page":"1","article-title":"Guideline for high blood pressure in adults 2017","author":"Whelton","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0115","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(98)07019-6","article-title":"Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33)","volume":"352","author":"Turner","year":"1998","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0120","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2545","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802743","article-title":"Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Action to Control Cardiovascular Risk in Diabetes Study Group","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0125","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2560","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0802987","article-title":"Intensive blood glucose control and vascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"358","author":"Patel","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0130","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0808431","article-title":"Glucose control and vascular complications in veterans with type 2 diabetes","volume":"360","author":"Duckworth","year":"2009","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0135","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1329","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-2377","article-title":"Glycemic control, complications, and death in older diabetic patients: the diabetes and aging study","volume":"34","author":"Huang","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0140","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-138-7-200304010-00018","article-title":"Treatment of hypertension in type 2 diabetes mellitus: blood pressure goals, choice of agents, and setting priorities in diabetes care","volume":"138","author":"Vijan","year":"2003","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0145","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-140-8-200404200-00013","article-title":"Pharmacologic lipid-lowering therapy in type 2 diabetes mellitus: background paper for the American College of Physicians","volume":"140","author":"Vijan","year":"2004","journal-title":"Ann. Intern. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0150","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.2337\/dc10-1318","article-title":"A1C and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study","volume":"34","author":"Colayco","year":"2011","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0155","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"845","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-014-3467-6","article-title":"Protection from diabetes-induced atherosclerosis and renal disease by d-carnosine-octylester: effects of early vs late inhibition of advanced glycation end-products in Apoe-null mice","volume":"58","author":"Menini","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0160","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9050437","article-title":"The \u201cMetabolic Memory\u201d theory and the early treatment of hyperglycemia in prevention of diabetic complications","volume":"9","author":"Testa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0165","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1577","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa0806470","article-title":"10-year follow-up of intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes","volume":"359","author":"Holman","year":"2008","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0170","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199309303291401","article-title":"The effect of intensive treatment of diabetes on the development and progression of long-term complications in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus","volume":"329","author":"Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group","year":"1993","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0175","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3200","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.09.020","article-title":"2018 ACC expert consensus decision pathway on novel therapies for cardiovascular risk reduction in patients with type 2 diabetes and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology Task Force on Expert Consensus Deci","volume":"72","author":"Das","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0180","first-page":"45","article-title":"Effect of rosiglitazone on the risk of myocardial infarction and death from cardiovascular causes: commentary","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2007","journal-title":"Hear Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0185","author":"Food and Drug Administration"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0190","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1504720","article-title":"Empagliflozin, cardiovascular outcomes, and mortality in type 2 diabetes","volume":"373","author":"Zinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0195","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"644","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1611925","article-title":"Canagliflozin and cardiovascular and renal events in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Neal","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0200","first-page":"101","article-title":"Liraglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"54","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Drug Ther. Bull."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0205","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0210","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1519","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)32261-X","article-title":"Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (harmony outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"392","author":"Hernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0215","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(19)31149-3","article-title":"Dulaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes (REWIND): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial","volume":"394","author":"Gerstein","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0220","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"347","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1812389","article-title":"Dapagliflozin and cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"380","author":"Wiviott","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0225","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1425","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2004967","article-title":"Cardiovascular outcomes with Ertugliflozin in type 2 diabetes","volume":"383","author":"Cannon","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0230","first-page":"1","article-title":"Effects of ertugliflozin on kidney composite outcomes, renal function and albuminuria in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: an analysis from the randomised VERTIS CV trial","author":"Cherney","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0235","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1333","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-016-3956-x","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition and cardiovascular events: why did EMPA-REG outcomes surprise and what were the likely mechanisms?","volume":"59","author":"Sattar","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0240","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2646","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2017.04.014","article-title":"Novel diabetes drugs and the cardiovascular specialist","volume":"69","author":"Sattar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0245","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2020.02.004","article-title":"Mechanisms of cardiovascular benefits of sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors: A state-of-the-art review","volume":"5","author":"Lopaschuk","year":"2020","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0250","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2337\/dc14-2441","article-title":"Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes, 2015: a patient-centered approach: update to a position statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the study of diabetes","volume":"38","author":"Inzucchi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0255","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2108","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4670-7","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors and mechanisms of cardiovascular benefit: a state-of-the-art review","volume":"61","author":"Verma","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0260","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1693","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.119.042375","article-title":"Effect of Empagliflozin on left ventricular mass in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and coronary artery disease","volume":"140","author":"Verma","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0265","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1080\/17425255.2019.1588886","article-title":"Metabolism of the failing heart and the impact of SGLT2 inhibitors","volume":"15","author":"Garcia-Ropero","year":"2019","journal-title":"Expert Opin. Drug Metab. Toxicol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0270","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01575","article-title":"Direct cardiac actions of sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors target pathogenic mechanisms underlying heart failure in diabetic patients","volume":"9","author":"Uthman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front. Physiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0275","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms18051083","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibitors as a therapeutic option for diabetic nephropathy","volume":"18","author":"Kawanami","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int. J. Mol. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0280","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-019-0816-2","article-title":"SGLT2 inhibition with empagliflozin attenuates myocardial oxidative stress and fibrosis in diabetic mice heart","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0285","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.116.021887","article-title":"Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors in the treatment of diabetes mellitus: cardiovascular and kidney effects, potential mechanisms, and clinical applications","volume":"134","author":"Heerspink","year":"2016","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0290","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"196","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01163-9","article-title":"Renoprotection with SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes over a spectrum of cardiovascular and renal risk","volume":"19","author":"Giorgino","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0295","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2118","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-018-4663-6","article-title":"Use of SGLT2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes: weighing the risks and benefits","volume":"61","author":"Lupsa","year":"2018","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0300","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030186","article-title":"Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0305","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2030183","article-title":"Sotagliflozin in patients with diabetes and recent worsening heart failure","volume":"384","author":"Bhatt","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0310","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1995","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1911303","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction","volume":"381","author":"McMurray","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0315","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1413","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2022190","article-title":"Cardiovascular and renal outcomes with Empagliflozin in heart failure","volume":"383","author":"Packer","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0320","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1002\/ejhf.1596","article-title":"Evaluation of the effects of sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibition with empagliflozin on morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and a preserved ejection fraction: rationale for and design of the EMPEROR-preserved trial","volume":"21","author":"Anker","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. J. Heart Fail."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0325","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2207","DOI":"10.1007\/s13300-020-00911-0","article-title":"Dapagliflozin for heart failure with preserved ejection fraction: will the deliver study deliver?","volume":"11","author":"Williams","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Ther."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0330","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2295","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1811744","article-title":"Canagliflozin and renal outcomes in type 2 diabetes and nephropathy","volume":"380","author":"Perkovic","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0335","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1436","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2024816","article-title":"Dapagliflozin in patients with chronic kidney disease","volume":"383","author":"Heerspink","year":"2020","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0340","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-017-0706-4","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) in the brain\u2013adipocyte axis","volume":"77","author":"Geloneze","year":"2017","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0345","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2247","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1509225","article-title":"Lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes and acute coronary syndrome","volume":"373","author":"Pfeffer","year":"2015","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0350","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1228","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1612917","article-title":"Effects of once-weekly exenatide on cardiovascular outcomes in type 2 diabetes","volume":"377","author":"Holman","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0355","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1901118","article-title":"Oral semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"381","author":"Husain","year":"2019","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0360","series-title":"A Heart Disease Study of Semaglutide in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes","author":"EUCTR2018-003141-42-DK","year":"2021"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0365","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1900\/RDS.2014.11.202","article-title":"Adverse effects of GLP-1 receptor agonists","volume":"11","author":"Filippatos","year":"2014","journal-title":"Rev. Diabet. Stud."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0370","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"989","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2032183","article-title":"Once-weekly semaglutide in adults with overweight or obesity","volume":"384","author":"Wilding","year":"2021","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0375","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094642","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3094642","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1-based therapies beyond glucose control","volume":"2016","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0380","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-016-0490-6","article-title":"Differential effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on heart rate","volume":"16","author":"Lorenz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0385","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1007\/s11906-015-0621-6","article-title":"GLP-1 agonists and blood pressure: A review of the evidence","volume":"18","author":"Goud","year":"2016","journal-title":"Curr. Hypertens. Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0390","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1177\/2042018814558242","article-title":"Efficacy and tolerability of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus","volume":"6","author":"Harris","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ther. Adv. Endocrinol. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0395","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1677\/JOE-08-0468","article-title":"A long-acting glucagon-like peptide-1 analogue attenuates induction of plasminogen activator inhibitor type-1 and vascular adhesion molecules","volume":"201","author":"Liu","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0400","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1714","DOI":"10.2337\/db15-1141","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor activation attenuates platelet aggregation and thrombosis","volume":"65","author":"Cameron-Vendrig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0405","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"146","DOI":"10.2337\/diabetes.54.1.146","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 can directly protect the heart against ischemia\/reperfusion injury","volume":"54","author":"Bose","year":"2005","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0410","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"844","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacbts.2018.09.004","article-title":"The GLP-1 analogs liraglutide and semaglutide reduce atherosclerosis in ApoE \u2212\/\u2212 and LDLr \u2212\/\u2212 mice by a mechanism that includes inflammatory pathways","volume":"3","author":"Rakipovski","year":"2018","journal-title":"JACC Basic Transl. Sci."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0415","article-title":"Liraglutide reduces carotid intima-media thickness by reducing small dense low-density lipoproteins in a real-world setting of patients with Type 2 diabetes: a novel anti-atherogenic effect","author":"Nikolic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Adis J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0420","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"776","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-8587(19)30249-9","article-title":"Cardiovascular, mortality, and kidney outcomes with GLP-1 receptor agonists in patients with type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cardiovascular outcome trials","volume":"7","author":"Kristensen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0425","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3094642","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/3094642","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory effects of GLP-1-based therapies beyond glucose control","volume":"2016","author":"Lee","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mediat. Inflamm."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0430","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"605","DOI":"10.1038\/nrneph.2017.123","article-title":"GLP-1 and the kidney: from physiology to pharmacology and outcomes in diabetes","volume":"13","author":"Muskiet","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Nephrol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0435","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3346","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehaa082","article-title":"Effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists on major cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus with or without established cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"41","author":"Marsico","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0440","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1205","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.120.045888","article-title":"Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists and heart failure: the need for further evidence generation and practice guidelines optimization","volume":"142","author":"Khan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0445","series-title":"Presented at the 56th Annual Meeting of the European Association of the Study of Diabetes","article-title":"CAPTURE: a cross-sectional study of the contemporary (2019) prevalence of cardiovascular disease in adults with type 2 diabetes across 13 countries","author":"Mosenzon","year":"2020"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0450","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"670","DOI":"10.1002\/clc.22583","article-title":"Residual ischemic risk and its determinants in patients with previous myocardial infarction and without prior stroke or TIA: insights from the REACH registry","volume":"39","author":"Abtan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0455","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcha.2018.10.001","article-title":"Cardiologist and diabetologist crosstalk in the era of cardiovascular outcome trials of novel glucose-lowering drugs","volume":"21","author":"Maranta","year":"2018","journal-title":"IJC Heart Vasc."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0460","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"18602","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M702027200","article-title":"Binding of proprotein convertase subtilisin\/kexin type 9 to epidermal growth factor-like repeat A of low density lipoprotein receptor decreases receptor recycling and increases degradation","volume":"282","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"J. Biol. Chem."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0465","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1300","DOI":"10.1038\/embor.2011.205","article-title":"Mechanistic implications for LDL receptor degradation from the PCSK9\/LDLR structure at neutral pH","volume":"12","author":"Lo","year":"2011","journal-title":"EMBO Rep."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0470","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"817","DOI":"10.1038\/nrd3879","article-title":"Cholesterol-lowering blockbuster candidates speed into phase III trials","volume":"11","author":"Mullard","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nat. Rev. Drug Discov."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0475","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2018.04.054","article-title":"The evolving future of PCSK9 inhibitors","volume":"72","author":"Rosenson","year":"2018","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0480","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1713","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1615664","article-title":"Evolocumab and clinical outcomes in patients with cardiovascular disease","volume":"376","author":"Sabatine","year":"2017","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0485","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2097","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1801174","article-title":"Alirocumab and cardiovascular outcomes after acute coronary syndrome","volume":"379","author":"Schwartz","year":"2018","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0490","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"948","DOI":"10.1007\/s00125-019-4856-7","article-title":"Efficacy and safety of evolocumab in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus: primary results of the randomised controlled BANTING study","volume":"62","author":"Rosenson","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetologia"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0495","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1455","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.13680","article-title":"Randomised study of evolocumab in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidaemia on background statin: primary results of the BERSON clinical trial","volume":"21","author":"Lorenzatti","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0500","first-page":"S349","article-title":"Comprehensive cardiovascular risk reduction and cardiac rehabilitation in diabetes and the metabolic syndrome","volume":"32","author":"Heinl","year":"2016","journal-title":"Can. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0505","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2020.06.019","article-title":"The effect of low-volume high-intensity interval training on cardiovascular health outcomes in type 2 diabetes: a randomised controlled trial","volume":"320","author":"Way","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0510","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2019.11.134","article-title":"Cardiometabolic responses to cardiac rehabilitation in people with and without diabetes","volume":"301","author":"Laddu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0515","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-020-01154-w","article-title":"Worldwide inertia to the use of cardiorenal protective glucose-lowering drugs (SGLT2i and GLP-1 RA) in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"19","author":"Schernthaner","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc. Diabetol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0520","article-title":"Filling the gap between guidelines and real world in the cardiovascular approach to the diabetic patients: the need for a call to action","author":"Maranta","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int. J. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0525","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2364","DOI":"10.1111\/dom.14162","article-title":"Assessing the cost-effectiveness of sodium\u2013glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitors in type 2 diabetes mellitus: a comprehensive economic evaluation using clinical trial and real-world evidence","volume":"22","author":"McEwan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Obes. Metab."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0530","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1007\/s40273-019-00833-1","article-title":"Cost effectiveness of sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 (SGLT2) inhibitors, glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists, and dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors: a systematic review","volume":"37","author":"Hong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pharmacoeconomics"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0535","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"997","DOI":"10.1080\/13696998.2019.1614009","article-title":"Cost-effectiveness of once-weekly semaglutide versus dulaglutide and lixisenatide in patients with type 2 diabetes with inadequate glycemic control in Sweden","volume":"22","author":"Ericsson","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Med. Econ."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0540","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"S98","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S009","article-title":"9. Pharmacologic approaches to glycemic treatment: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","author":"American Diabetes Association","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabetes Care"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0545","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcjd.2020.08.001","article-title":"Pharmacologic glycemic management of type 2 diabetes in adults: 2020 update","volume":"44","author":"Diabetes Canada Clinical Practice Guidelines Expert Committee","year":"2020","journal-title":"Can. J. Diabetes"},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0550","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"e177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacc.2019.03.010","article-title":"2019 ACC\/AHA guideline on the primary prevention of cardiovascular disease: a report of the American College of Cardiology\/American Heart Association Task Force on clinical practice guidelines","volume":"74","author":"Arnett","year":"2019","journal-title":"J. Am. Coll. Cardiol."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0555","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3215","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz687","article-title":"The 2019 ESC Guidelines on diabetes, pre-diabetes, and cardiovascular diseases developed in collaboration with the EASD","volume":"40","author":"Grant","year":"2019","journal-title":"Eur. Heart J."},{"key":"10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050_bb0560","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1834","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1607141","article-title":"Semaglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes","volume":"375","author":"Marso","year":"2016","journal-title":"N. Engl. J. Med."}],"container-title":["International Journal of Cardiology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527321009074?httpAccept=text\/xml","content-type":"text\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/api.elsevier.com\/content\/article\/PII:S0167527321009074?httpAccept=text\/plain","content-type":"text\/plain","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,28]],"date-time":"2025-09-28T20:53:38Z","timestamp":1759092818000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/linkinghub.elsevier.com\/retrieve\/pii\/S0167527321009074"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"references-count":112,"alternative-id":["S0167527321009074"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050","relation":{},"ISSN":["0167-5273"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0167-5273","type":"print"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,9]]},"assertion":[{"value":"Elsevier","name":"publisher","label":"This article is maintained by"},{"value":"Cardiologist's approach to the diabetic patient: No further delay for a paradigm shift","name":"articletitle","label":"Article Title"},{"value":"International Journal of Cardiology","name":"journaltitle","label":"Journal Title"},{"value":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1016\/j.ijcard.2021.05.050","name":"articlelink","label":"CrossRef DOI link to publisher maintained version"},{"value":"article","name":"content_type","label":"Content Type"},{"value":"\u00a9 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.","name":"copyright","label":"Copyright"}]}}